• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2011

In recent years Mag-Geol-Li is becoming popular again and the consumption layer of Mag-Geol-Li is definitely younger. Nowadays, Mag-Geol-Li is the main traditional alcohol and without consideration of ages and genders whoever can enjoy Mag-Geol-Li. Producers should ensure fair price of goods and improve production facilities to maximize products to meet the needs of consumers who will buy. In the studies I discuss about the ways to improve the distribution of Mag-Geol-Li, the theories about Mag-Geol-Li, Social backgrounds and effects of Mag-Geol-Li why it is becoming popular and improvement of the distribution structure of Mag-Geol-Li and impact of big Mag-Geol-Li company in Mag-Geol-Li industry. Lately, people can enjoy Mag-Geol-Li without burden because of low alcohol. It is gaining a good response by consumers because Mag-Geol-Li contains lactobacillus, yeasts and dietary fiber, also it is well balanced with nutritional aspects. There are not only huge factory to produce Mag-Geol-Li but also most are still cottage industry. Therefore, quality management does not work well because the majority of Mag-Geol-Li is small businesses. In spite of there are a lot of ways to improve the distribution structure and problems of Mag-Geol-Li, but none provide any improvement that make consumer awareness about the main cause of the problem is inaccurate. The ultimate goal of improving the distribution structure of Mag-Geol-Li is activating the market, the improvement of production facilities and safe for consumers with affordable price and good quality product. As mentioned above, to improve and change the logistics systems and hygiene, government support is required and Mag-Geol-Li companies should be recognized the distribution system as a major problem.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.1 s.33
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• pp.57-69
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• 1991

This study examined the cross-sectional association of central body fat distribution with hypertension as well as the superiority of medial calf skinfold measured as peripheral fat distribution over the conventional triceps skinfold using 450 Korean Navy divers selected by authors' convenience in 1990. Their mean age was 27.9 and range of it was 19-51. The centrally located body fat was approximated by subscapular skinfold and peripherally located fat by triceps and medial calf skinfolds. Four indices were constructed from these skinfold measures to reflect central versus peripheral fat distribution pattern : 2 ratios and 2 differences. After controlling age and overall obesity (body mass index), prevalance odds ratios of the 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 quartiles of subscapular skinfold comparing with lowest 1/4 quartile were 2.05(95% confidence interval, CI 1.18-3.59), 2.02(95% CI 1.06-3.86), 4.00 (95% CI 1.99-8.06) respectively. The difference of subscapular and medial calf skinfolds was associated with hypertension (odds ratio 2.45, 95% CI 1.28-4.68 comparing highest with lowest quartiles). Triceps and medial calf skinfolds alone did not show any odds ratio not including unity. The adjusted odds ratios were generally reduced in small magnitude compared with crude odds ratios not adjusted for age and overall obesity. The medial calf skinfold appeared to be more representative of peripheral body fat distribution than triceps skinfold. These findings suggest that central fat distribution rather than peripheral distribution is associated with hypertension independent of age and overall level of obesity and medial calf skinfold may replace conventional triceps skinfold in predicting peripheral distribution of body fat.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.21-29
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• 2014

Purpose - This research undertakes to understand the competitiveness of the steel distribution industry of both Korea and China to strengthen Korea-Sino economic cooperation, examines impediments to trade between the two countries to analyze causes which affect trade, and examines improvements in these areas to identify means of trade expansion. Through this survey of a defined period, we can identify the structural factors of trade dependence in the relationship between Korea and China. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected from the Korea Traders Association, the Korea Customs Office, and UN Comtrade, from which whole table indexes are calculated. The research methodology uses trade-related indexes to focus on analyzing comparative advantages based on time-series analysis statistics data (2000-2012) by using the analysis index of trade intensity index (TII), the revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), and the trade specialization index (TSI). Results - The export ratio for Korea to China was slightly higher in 2000 at 2.867, and the export ratio for Korea to China was sustained in 2005. However, it diminished gradually, reaching 1.263 in 2012. During the period 2000-2012, the indexes were maintained without any significant change. However, they still remain close to -1. In particular, in 2012 it is the closest it has ever been to -1. Therefore, China has a comparative advantage in export specialization. On the other hand, Korea has a comparative advantage in import specialization. For the research period, all indexes were much lower than 1, which means that Korea has consistently had a comparative disadvantage against China for the past 10 years when compared to other industries, even though it experienced improvement in 2000. Conclusions - The summary of conclusions based on empirical analysis research are as follows: First, per the trade intensity index of industries between the two countries, we conclude that the export ratio index in 2000 is 2.867, which means the export ratio of Korea to China is slightly higher. Furthermore, the ratios of 2.259 and 1.263 held in 2005 and 2012, respectively, meaning that the export ratio of Korea to China was maintained in 2005, but was diminishing gradually as the index in 2012 was 1.263. Second, per the trade specialization index of the steel distribution industry between Korea and China, the value was -0.379 in 2000, -0.368 in 2005 and -0.568 in 2012. Looking at the whole period of 2000-2012, the indexes remained without any significant change. However, they are still moving closer to -1. In particular, in 2012 it is the closest it has ever been to -1. Third, regarding the revealed comparative advantage index of the steel distribution industry between Korea and China, the RCA indexes in 2005 and 2012 are 0.246 and 0.306, respectively, which are still far from 1, even though the index has improved compared to the 2000's value of 0.0001. Therefore, the Korean steel distribution industry is at a significant comparative disadvantage to that of the Chinese steel distribution industry.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

This study found a proper parametric life distribution based on maintenance history data of each bridge member under the jurisdiction of the Korea Expressway Corporation for the past 10 years by introducing the concept of reliability and suggested a measure to calculate the mean life and reliability of each bridge member using the parameter obtained with the maximum-likelihood classification. As a result of analyzing the exponential distribution, weibull distribution and log normal distribution being utilized frequently in order to find the parametric life distribution type which well described the life data of each bridge member, it was found that the log normal distribution and weibull distribution described the characteristics of the relevant life data the best. As a result of calculating the mean life of each bridge member based on the estimated parameter, the average life of the steel bridge coating was 18.51 years which was the longest, followed by the bridge deck as 17.56 years. The mean life of the drainage facility and the bridge bearing were 12.27 years and 12.57 years respectively, showing the shortest life.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.91-102
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• 2014

Purpose - Today, the importance of the service industry has increased. Social welfare businesses that follow the non-profit principle have neglected the distribution of the service. However, an intangible service, when produced and consumed, has a similar service delivery system to common service distribution and social welfare. Therefore, the author has assumed the efficiency of the service delivery system of social welfare to be equivalent to the service distribution industry. Hence, various kinds of social welfare services for the prevention of elderly suicide, from the perspective of distribution, are discussed. Studies on generational relations have thus far investigated depression from parent-children conflict, and satisfaction with their lives. Studies on the relationship between family solidarity and elderly suicide by analyzing existing social problems are rare. This study investigated the effects of family solidarity between old parents and adult children upon elderly suicide by analyzing serious psychological and social problems. This study revealed basic measures for elderly suicide prevention through services that could elevate family solidarity from the perspective of social welfare service distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - The subjects were 468 elderly, 65 years or older, at 18 senior welfare centers and halls for the elderly at Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Questionnaire surveys, excluding invalid answers, were analyzed. Convenience sampling was used from February 5, 2014 to March 5, 2014. The findings were: First, women and those having spouses with advanced educational backgrounds and social activities had primary solidarity such as contact solidarity, affectionate solidarity, functional solidarity (giving help), and functional solidarity (receiving help). In addition, those who had good health, from a subjective point of view, had more solidarity. Second, the elderly who were men and single, and who had poorer educational backgrounds thought of suicide, lacked social activities, and had poor health, from a subjective point of view. Third, family solidarity between old parents and adult children had significantly negative influence on the suicidal ideation of the elderly. Results - The study revealed the following implications. First, the preparation for old age should consider not only economic welfare but also the psychological welfare due to the relationship with children. Second, the phenomenon of elderly suicide because of a lack of family solidarity could increase national loss and have great influence upon welfare in old age. Therefore, planning of welfare services for the elderly should consider the value of relationships with children to improve the psychological welfare of the elderly. Third, the social expenses of government-oriented support for parents should be discussed from the people's point of view. Conclusions - The subjects of the study comprised the elderly at Seoul and Gyenggi-do; therefore, it would be difficult to extrapolate the findings to all the elderly in the nation. The subject visited senior welfare centers as well as halls for the elderly; therefore, it would be difficult to assume that the trends were representative of the elderly in the nation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.347-357
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• 2024

Numerous prior studies have delineated the size distribution of noncohesive sediment in suspension, focusing on mean size and standard deviation. However, suspensions comprise a heterogeneous mixture of sediment particles of varying sizes. The transport dynamics of suspended sediment in turbulent flow are intimately tied to settling velocities calculated based on size and density. Consequently, understanding the grain size distribution becomes paramount in comprehending sediment transport phenomena for noncohesive sediment. This study aims to introduce a straightforward modeling approach for simulating the grain size distribution of suspended sediment amidst turbulence. Leveraging insights into the contrast between cohesive and noncohesive sediment, we have meticulously revised a stochastic flocculation model originally designed for cohesive sediment to aptly simulate the grain size distribution of noncohesive sediment in suspension. The efficacy of our approach is corroborated through a meticulous comparison between experimental data and the grain size distribution simulated by our newly proposed model. Through numerical simulations, we unveil that the modulation of grain size distribution of suspended sediment is contingent upon the sediment transport capacity of the carrier fluid. Hence, we deduce that our simplified approach to simulating the grain size distribution of suspended sediment, integrated with a sediment transport model, serves as a robust framework for elucidating the pivotal bulk properties of sediment transport.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.724-743
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• 2000

One of the biggest clinical problems of osseointegrated implant prosthesis is the excessive stress caused by bite forces which are transfered directly into the bone through the osseointegrated implant fixtures. So several biodynamic problems occur when there is an excessive fatigue stress. The factors of stress distribution are the number, kind, position, arrangement of the implants, and the distance between the implants, and the kind, quality of superstructure prosthesis and connection type between the rest implant and the superstructure. Recently, a distal short additional implant, socalled rest implant, is employed to reduced the stresses in conventional cantilevered prostheses. This study was undertaken to analyze the stresses transfered by osseointegrated implant cantilevered prostheses depending upon the number and the position of implants, the presence of rest implant, and the type of their connection. Three dimensional finite element analysis was attempted using ANSIS ver. 5.3 program under IBM INDIGO computer. The results were as follows : 1. The rest implant influenced on the pattern of stress distribution on the anterior area of the mandible and the superstructure. 2. In the group employing the rest implants, the fixed type of connection between the rest implant and the superstructure was more stable than the ball attachment type on the stress distribution. 3. In the group employing the ball attachment between the rest implant and the superstructure, the case with 4-implants(on canine, premolar) was little more stable than the case with 6-implants and the case with 4-implants(on incisor, premolar) on the stress distribution. 4. In the cantilevered group, the case with 4-implants(on incisor, premolar) and the case with 6-implants were more stable than the case with 4-implants(on canine, premolar) on the stress distribution. 5. In all of the group, the case with 6-implants and the fixed type of connection was the most stable and the case with 4-implants (on canine, premolar) was the most unstable on the stress distribution.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.113-128
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• 2001

Objective : To investigate the effect of BUM aqua-acupuncture in treating the RA, the immunosis to logical analysis of LPS induced arthritis in mice to study this. For 14th day after the injection of LPS & BUM injection, the distribution of fibroblast, collagen, CD54(ICAM-1), CD106(VCAM-1), IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2 receptor, CDl lb(macrophage) were examined on synovial capsule of mice knee joint. For 14th day after the injection of LPS & BUM injection, the distribucion of CD4(TH cell), CD8(TC cell), CD40(B cell) were examined on common iliac lymph node in mice. Methods : The experimental model of arthritis was induced by injection of 300${\mu}g$/kg LPS in BALB/c mice weighing 30g. The 100${\mu}l$ BUM aqua-acupuncture which compounded calculus bovis, fel ursi and moschus was injected into GB34 of mice every other day for 12 days. For 3rd, 7th, 14th day after the injection of LPS, the neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocytc counts in WBC were measured using hemacytometer. Results : The obstain results are summarized as follows ; 1. In sample group, the neutrophils counts were increased and the lympnocytes counts were decreased compared with control group. 2. The distribution of fibrosis & fibroblast on synovial membrane were decreased compared with control group. 3. The distribution of collagen fiber on synovial membrane were decreased compared' with control group. 4. The distribution of CD54(ICAM-1) & CD106(VCAM-1) on synovial membrane were decreased compared with control group. 5. The distribution of IL-$1{\beta}$ & IL-2 receptor on synovial membrane were decreased compared with control group. 6. The distribution of CDb(macrophage) on synovial membrane were decreased compared with control group. 7. The distribution of CD4(TH cell), CD8(TC cell) and CD40(B cell) in common iliac lymph nodes were decreased compared with control group. Conclusions : BUM aqua-acupuncture stimulation decreased inflammatory responses LPS induced arthritis in mice.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.567-578
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• 2007

Statement of problem: The endodontically treated tooth is generally restored with post and core, owing to the brittle and the loss of large amount of tooth structure. As periodontal treatment was developed, there are many cases that periodontally involved teeth used in prosthetic treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution in the dentin and post structures by the various post materials and the amount of remaining alveolar bone height. Material and method: The 3-dimensional finite element models of mandible 1st premolars were divided into six types according to the various amount of remaining alveolar bone and post type. All types were modeled using equal length, diameter and shape of the post. Three types of post and core materials were used: prefabricated titaniumpost and amalgam core, prefabricated stainless steel post and amalgam core, and cast gold post and core. 300 Newton force was applied to functional cusp of mandible 1st premolar. Results: The results were as follows: First, there was no apparent difference in the pattern of stress distribution according to the alveolar bone condition concentrate on the post middle area. Second, there was difference in pattern of stress distribution according to the core materials, gold post and core generated same than amalgam core. Third, there was no apparent difference in the pattern of stress distribution within the dentin according to the post and core materials. But a cast gold post and core generated the lowest maximum stress value, a stainless steel post generated the highest maximum stress value. Fourth, in the reduced alveolar bone model, maximum stress value is 1.5 times than that of the normal alveolar bone model. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, to provide minimal stress to the root with alveolar bone reduced, the post length may be as long as apical seal was not destroyed. To prevent fracture of tooth, it is rational to use gold alloy which material was good for stress distribution for post materials.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

Root distribution was monitored in the root zone of corn fields on several soil series in central Illinois during three growing seasons in order to find the effect of soil series and tillage system on root growth. A minirhizotron technique was used to videotape each soil profile in weekly intervals to a depth of 75 cm under conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) systems of cultivation. Root distribution near soil surface generally increased during the early stages of the growing season, but declined as surface soil moisture was depleted in late summer. Even though root distribution was not significantly different between soil series in this experiment. differences in root distribution between soil series were associated with the increases in root-available water storage capacity. Root population in the top 30 cm of NT plots. where increased water infiltration rates and saturated flow of soil moisture into the subsoil, was generally higher than that of CT plots in Illinois corn fields. Foots appeared in the deeper layers later in the growing season, with root penetration into subsoil layers occurring as much as 2-3 weeks earlier on the NT plots than in CT plots. In conclusion, root distribution was significantly affected by the tillage systems, but not different by soil series.