• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2019

Due to the development of artificial intelligence and image recognition technology that play important roles in the field of 4th industry, office automation systems and unmanned automation systems are rapidly spreading in human society. The proposed algorithm first finds the variances of the differences between the tile values constituting the learning characters and the experimental character and then recognizes the experimental character according to the distribution of the three learning characters with the smallest variances. In more detail, for 100 learning data characters and 10 experimental data characters, each character is defined as the number of black pixels belonging to 15 tile areas. For each character constituting the experimental data, the variance of the differences of the tile values of 100 learning data characters is obtained and then arranged in the ascending order. After that, three learning data characters with the minimum variance values are selected, and the final recognition result for the given experimental character is selected according to the distribution of these character types. Moreover, we compare the recognition result with the result made by a neural network of basic structure. It is confirmed that satisfactory recognition results are obtained through the processes that subdivide the learning characters and experiment characters into tile sizes and then select the recognition result using variances.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.51-61
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• 2017

Purpose - Present study investigates character identification and emotional response to character that may affect consumers' intention to purchase the character-attached products. And this study explores whether symbolic relevance and object relevance affect the character identification, and whether character attractiveness and character salience affect the emotional response to characters. Research design, data, and methodology - SNS characters, animated characters, game characters, and traditional characters were used as experimental characters. And stationery as experimental product was used. 250 college students participated in the empirical study, and structural equation model was used to verify hypotheses. Results - First, the character identification and emotional response to characters affected the intention to purchase the products positively, and the emotional response to characters also positively affected character identification; second, symbolic relevance had no positive impact upon character identification, while object relevance had positive influence on character identification; and third, character attractiveness and salience had a positive effect on the emotional response. Conclusions - Present study contributes to the progress of character theories. Marketers should find ways to increase consumers' object relevance to characters and the level of characters' attractiveness and salience in order to promote the intent to purchase the products.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.185-192
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• 2002

This study classifies Korean syllables into various types and investigates the distribution of syllables by each type. Korean syllables are classified into four or eight types. In this study, they are classified into thirty-two types based on character combination in order to evaluate the intelligibility of Korean synthetic syllables. Among those Korean syllables derived from the possible combinations of Korean characters, only currently used syllables were selected. Based on this classification and distribution, representative and diagnosable testing materials can be made. These testing materials can be applicable to intelligibility tests of Korean synthetic syllables.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.380-390
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• 2015

The morphological characters were observed in six taxa in the genus Dioscorea of Korea (D. polystachya, D. japonica, D. nipponica, D. quinqueloba, D. tenuipes, and D. dokoro). The underground structure and the formation of bulbil were useful characters for separating sect. Enanatiophyllum from sect. Stenophora. The important characters for discriminating taxonomic entities were as follows: the position of the anther and the shape of the pistil in the microstructural characters, including the protuberance of the base of the petiole, the shape and color of the flower, the shape of the fruit, and the shape of the seed wing. Based on the results, a key to Korean Dioscorea is provided and the distribution of these species in Korea is described.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.185-195
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• 2017

With the rapid development of urban underground traffic, the study of soil deformation induced by subway tunnel construction and its settlement prediction are gradually of general concern in engineering circles. The law of soil displacement caused by shield tunnel construction of adjacent buildings is analyzed in this paper. The author holds that ground surface settlement based on the Gauss curve or Peck formula induced by tunnel excavation of adjacent buildings is not reasonable. Integrating existing research accomplishments, the paper proposed that surface settlement presents cork distribution curve characters, skewed distribution curve characteristics and normal distribution curve characteristics when the tunnel is respectively under buildings, within the scope of the disturbance and outside the scope of the disturbance. Calculation formulas and parameters on cork distribution curve and skewed distribution curve were put forward. The numerical simulation, experimental comparison and model test analysis show that it is reasonable for surface settlement to present cork distribution curve characters, skewed distribution curve characteristics and normal distribution curve characteristics within a certain range. The research findings can be used to make effective prediction of ground surface settlement caused by tunnel construction of adjacent buildings, and to provide theoretical guidance for the design and shield tunnelling.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the distributions of the native and introduced dandelins in the western Kyonggido area and to determine the environmental factor influencing distribution of dandelions. One hundered and thirty seven study sites were randomly selected along roadsides in urban areas, arable lands, apartment areas and industry regions, and vegetation, dandelion's seed characters and soil acidity were sureyed. Throughout the areas the introduced dandelions were more widely distributed than the native ones. The native dandelions were scarcely distributed in the developed areas and roadsides. The introduced dandelions were dominantly distributed in the new environments where soils were alkalized by the trban development, road pavement, and construction of new buildings, while the native ones were mostly distributed in the rural area with weakly acid soil. The seed production of the introduced ones were two times more than that of the native ones. The seed of the introduced ones were lighter than that of the native ones. The introduced ones yield seeds more than four times a year. These results suggested the urbanization and the seed characters to bet the two dominant factors influencing the distribution of dandelions.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.51-73
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the characteristics of ideal figure aimed by the moral education of both Korea and Japan by comparing and analyzing the descriptive content and characters' tendency appeared in the moral education textbooks published in accordance with the current moral education curriculum in Korea and Japan. First, this study examined the tendency of real persons appeared in the moral education textbooks in both countries. To be specific, this study attempted a quantitative comparative analysis of the characters' tendency by expressing the distribution of the characters by appearance time, male-to-female ratio, Koreans and foreigners and characters by occupation and position in percentage. Furthermore, it attempted to demonstrate the particular emphasis in values and virtues in both countries by examining the moral values derived from the characters' decency, way of life and teachings and expressing the distribution of the characters by value and virtue in percentage.

• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.299-315
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• 2011

The morphology, taxonomy, and distribution of species belonging to the diatom family Rhizosoleniaceae were studied from the marine coastal waters of Korea. Rhizosolenid diatom taxa were collected at 30 sites from September 2008 to February 2010 and were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy. We identified 6 rhizosolenid genera, including Rhizosolenia, Proboscia, Pseudosolenia, Neocalyptrella, Guinardia, and Dactyliosolen. We describe 5 genera in this study, except Rhizosolenia. Five genera were compared in detail with congeneric species. Six genera within the family Rhizosoleniaceae were divided into two groups based on morphological diagnostic characters including valve shape, areolae pattern, the shape of external process, and girdle segments in the column. The first group had a conoidal valve and loculate areolae, which comprised Rhizosolenia, Proboscia, Pseudosolenia, and Neocalyptrella, and the second group of Guinardia and Dactyliosolen showed a flat or rounded valve and poroid areolae. Important key diagnostic characters were based on valve shape, areolae pattern on the segment, external process, position of the tube, and the valve margin. D. phuketensis was new to Korean coastal waters.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2010

The 34 potently pig pheromonal odorants (1-32, 5755 & 7113) through structure-based virtual screening and ligand-based virtual screening method were selected and their ADMET and pharmacokinetics characters were evaluated and discussed quantitatively. The pheromonal odorants were projected on the following pre-calculated models, Caco-2 cell permeability, blood-brain barrier permeation, hERG inhibition and volume-distribution. From the results of in silico study, it is found that an optimal compound (31) either penetrating or have a little ($P_{caco2}$=-8.143) for Caco-2 cell permeability, moderate penetrating ability ($P_{BBB}$=0.082) for blood-brain barrier permeation, the low QT prolongation ($P_{hERG}$=1.137) for the hERG $K^+$ channel inhibition, and low distribution into tissues ($P_{VD}$=-5.468) for volume-distribution. Therefore, it is predicted that the compound (31) a topical application may be preferable from these based foundings.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.324-339
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• 1999

Morphological reinvestigation, external characters and discriminant functional analysis(44 qualitative characters) were examined on 6 taxa of Korean Ophelia, including 5 taxa distributed in south Korea, and one taxon considered to be the variation type of Ophelia wilfordi in order to clarify the limit of intersection and interspecies. And to establish the taxonomic position. One taxon distributed in north Korea was included in the description of species by observation of herbarium specimen of the University of Tokyo in Japan. The two sections were successfully distinguished by internal structure of ovary, morphology of nectary, number of corolla lobe and calyx lobe, and species were also distinguished by morphology of cauline leaf, and color and spot of corolla, respectively. The variation type of Ophelia wilfordi was not distinguished with other species except for absent or present of purple spot in corolla lobe. The results of the discriminal functional analysis indicated that characters of corolla were the most important qualitative characters to distinguish the Ophelia taxa, and morphology of seed and seed coat was useful characters to distinguish taxa higher than species. Therefore the difficult problems of identification of species were successfully solved, and the taxonomic position in intrageneric level was clarified on Korean Ophelia.