• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 1992

In this study, Kalman filtering theory is applied to the estimation of symmetrical components from fault voltage and current signal when it comes to faults with the power system. An algorithm for estimating fault location accurately and quickly by calculating the symmetrical components from the extracted fundamental voltage phasor and current phasor is presented. Also, to confirm the validity of digital distance relaying techniques using Kalman filtering, the experimental results obtained by using the digital simulation of power system is shown.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.2195_2196
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• 2009

DC-offset is a very important subject in power systems protection, since DC-offset causes mal-operation of the distance relay. This paper deals with the influence of a FIR filter used for removing the DC-offset upon the convergence characteristics of distance relaying algorithm based on Fourier Transform.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1995년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.509-512
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• 1995

The relaying algorithm to calculate the fault distance from only transient signal at faults in T/L is presented. In this paper. At faults the oscillation frequency components exist in both voltage and current and these components minimize the input impedance shown in fault point. The equivalent source impedance shown in relaying point is needed to calculate the fault distance using these components. To source impedance, the reflection coefficient between forward wave and backward and the Prony's analysis is also employed to extract the oscillation frequency component from transient signals. The case study show that the new distance relaying algorithm satisfies the high operation speed and high accuracy even if the algorithm uses only transient signals.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.1053-1058
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• 2010

A large modern wind farm should satisfy the requirements for a grid and accomplish the optimization of the wind farm system. The wind farm intertie protection system should consider a Fault Ride-Through (FRT) requirement for more reliable protection. The wind farm should keep connected to the grid in the case of a grid fault whilst it should be isolated for an intertie fault. This paper proposes a distance relaying algorithm suitable for wind farm intertie protection considering the FRT requirement. The proposed algorithm estimates the impedance based on a differential equation method because the frequency of the voltage and current deviates the nominal frequency. The algorithm extends the reach of Zone 1 up to 100 % of the length of the intertie to implement the FRT requirement. To discriminate an intertie fault from a grid fault, the algorithm uses a voltage blocking scheme because the magnitude of the voltage at the relaying point for an intertie fault becomes less than that for a grid fault. The performance of the algorithm is verified using a PSCAD/EMTDC simulator under various fault conditions. The algorithm can discriminate successfully the intertie fault from grid fault and thus helps to implement the FRT requirement of a wind farm.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권11호
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• pp.1885-1891
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• 2007

This paper presents a distance relaying algorithm for phase-to-ground faults in transmission lines under Multi-Agent protection environment. In normal condition, a distance relay agent stores the latest states, e.g., voltage of source side, voltage of the opposite side and the loading conditions, etc., through communication between the agents. Once a fault occurs, the relay calculates the fault location using the knowledge about the states just before the fault happens. This stand-alone operation is to improve reliability under the fault condition at which the accuracy or time required for communication may not be guaranteed. The mathematical expression of fault location is derived through loop analysis, before hand, in the manner that both fault current from the opposite end and fault resistance are included implicitly so that their effects are minimized. The suggested algorithm is applied to a typical transmission system with two power sources on both ends to show its effectiveness.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.34-37
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• 2001

This paper presents some results after comparing the characteristics of 3 algorithms, which are discrete Fourier transform based algorithm, least square method, and modified differential approximation algorithm, used at most distance relays all over the world. In case of the DFT based distance relaying algorithm, the length of the algorithm data window and the cut-off frequency of an anti-aliasing low-pass filter adopted are fixed. On the other hand, the data window lengths are changed according to the corresponding low-pass filters in the rest two algorithms. In series of tests, the apparent impedance estimated by the modified differential approximation algorithm shows faster and more stable characteristics of convergence than the two others.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2001

For double-circuit transmission line systems, an accurate digital distance relaying algorithm immune to the reactance effect is proposed. The apparent impedance calculated by the distance relay is influenced by the combined reactance effect of the fault resistance and the load current as well as the mutual coupling effect caused by the zero-sequence current of the adjacent parallel circuit. To compensate the magnitude and phase of the estimated impedance, this algorithm uses phase angle difference between the zero(positive) sequence of the both side of the system seperated by the fault point. The impedance measuring algorithm presented used a current distribution factor to compensate mutual coupling effect instead of the collected zero-sequence current of the adjacent parallel circuit.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.187-189
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• 2002

A relaying board is developed for the study of digital relay, which is based on Digital Signal Processor(DSP). The present development is capable of understanding and application for digital relay hardware. To support the design of relaying hardware, first A/D convertor MMI and serial port for communication are embedded, and next a booting cables of three types are supplied. More particularly the relaying board that is convinient to test digital relaying algorithm. This paper concludes by implementing the distance relaying algorithm into a relaying board, the hardware test results show practically high performance.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.9-20
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 패턴인식 형태로 구성된 거리계전시스템에 신경회로망을 적용한 새로운 형태의거리계전기법이 제시되었다. 제안된 거리계전기법은 패턴인식 단계인 두개의 블록으로 구성되었다. 첫 단계에서는 과도신호의 특징 파라미터인 기본파성분을 효율적으로 추출하기 위해 신경회로망을 이용한 필터링 방법이 적용되었으며, 두번째 단계에서는 첫단계에서 추출된 기본파성분을 입력으로 고장형태를 신속하고 정확하게 판별 분류 될 수 있도록 신경회로망을 이용한 고장패턴 추정기가 개발적용되었으며, 이울러 고장판별에 따라 고장점을 효율적으로 추정될 수 있도록 하였다. 적용 시스템의 각 단계는 함수 근사화, 보간성능 및 패턴분류 등의 능력이 뛰어난 다층 퍼셉트론의 역전파 학습 알고리즘이 적용되었다. 제신된 기법의 성능을 입증하기 위하여 EMTP 시뮬레이션을 하여 얻은 다양한 과도 고장파형의 계전시호를 활용하여 시험하였으며, 그결과 제시된 기법은 학습되지 않은 임의의 패턴에 대하여 적응성을 가지고 효율적으로 고장점이 추정될 수 있었으며, 고장발생후 3샘플 이내에서 고장형태가 신속하고도 정확하게 판별되었다.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.711-720
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• 1994

A distance relaying algorithm for detecting faults at power transmission line is presented in this paper. The algorithm is based on differential equation from relaton between voltage and current, which is composed of lumped resistance and inductance. During the fault transient state,the voltage and current signals are severely distorted due to the exponentially decaying DC offset and high frequency components, In spite of using small data, the presented integral method to evaluate R and L from voltage and current has high performance against these harmonics including DC offset. Therefore, the presented algorithm can be implemented with only a low order anti-aliasing analog filter and dosen't need any digital filter to remove specific components.