• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11c
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• pp.438-441
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• 2001

This paper describes a system for tracking a face in a input video sequence using facial convex hull based facial segmentation and a robust hausdorff distance. The algorithm adapts YCbCr color model for classifying face region by [l]. Then, we obtain an initial face model with preprocessing and convex hull. For tracking, a Robust Hausdorff distance is computed and the best possible displacement is selected. Finally, the previous face model is updated using the displacement t. It is robust to some noises and outliers. We provide an example to illustrate the proposed tracking algorithm in video sequences obtained from CCD camera.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1990

To investigate the influence of r.f. power and electrode distance on the TiN deposition, TiN films were deposited onto STC3, STD11 steel and Si-wafer from gas mixtures of $TiC_4/N_2/H_2$ using the radio frequency plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition. The crystallinity of TiN film could be improved by the increase of r.f. power and the decrease of electrode distance. The TiN coated layer contains chlorine, its content were decreased with increasing r.f. power as well as decreasing electrode distance. And the thickness of deposited TiN was largely affected by r.f. power and electrode distance. The hardness of deposited TiN reached a maximum value of about Hv 2,000.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.2132-2143
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• 2015

This paper presents two distance geometry-based algorithms for wireless location in cellular network systems-distance geometry filtering (DGF) and distance geometry constraint (DGC). With time-of-arrival range measurements, the DGF algorithm estimates the mobile station position by selecting a set of measurements with relatively small NLOS (non-line-of-sight) errors, and the DGC algorithm optimizes the measurements first and then estimates the position using those optimized measurements. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can mitigate the impact of NLOS errors and effectively improve the accuracy of wireless location.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 2007

Autonomous navigation of mobile robot requires a ranging system for measurement of distance to environmental objects. It is obvious that the wider and the faster distance measurement gives a mobile robot more freedom in trajectory planning and control. The active omni-directional ranging system proposed in this paper is capable of obtaining the distance for all 3600 directions in real-time because of the omni-directional mirror and the structured light. Distance computation including the sensitivity analysis and the experiments on the omni-directional ranging are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.207-208
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• 2008

In this paper, it is simulated the line fault in the renweable energy pilot system and the distance is calculated using a modified fault distance calculation algorithm and the measurement data. The modified fault distance calculation algorithm calculate fault distance using the measurement data from power quality monitors (PQM) and the topology of the distribution networks. This algorithm is applied to PSCAD/EMTDC and the renewable energy pilot system. And these results are compared and analyzed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.220-222
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• 2001

This paper represents impedance calculation of the distance relay using PSCAD/EMTDC software for transmission line involving the UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) device, which is the most vigorous component of FACTS. The presence of the UPFC significantly affects the line parameters of transmission system, which are also influenced by the distance relay setting. Moreover depending on the UPFC location and its parameters, zones of setting the distance relay will be changed. The presence of the UPFC in the fault loop affects both voltage and current seen by relay. Therefore, the distance relay should be taken into account the variable injected voltage of the UPFC.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.501-502
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• 2007

This paper describes a distance relay that operates in conjunction with a current transformer (CT) compensation algorithm. A distance relay detects a fault based on the ratio of the voltage to the current. If a CT saturates, the calculated impedance becomes larger. This causes maloperation or operating time delay of the distance relay. A compensating algorithm estimates the correct secondary current from the severely distorted currents even when the measurement CTs are used. The correct current is estimated by adding the calculated magnetizing current to the measured secondary current. Test results show that the proposed distance relay can detect a fault without the operating time delay even when the secondary currents are extremely distorted because of use of measurement CTs.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2019

Income distribution is a major concern in economic theory. In regional economics, it is often of interest to compare income distributions in different regions. Traditional methods often compare the income inequality of different regions by assuming parametric forms of the income distributions, or using summary statistics like the Gini coefficient. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric procedure to test for heterogeneity in income distributions among different regions, and a K-means clustering procedure for clustering income distributions based on energy distance. In simulation studies, it is shown that the energy distance based method has competitive results with other common methods in hypothesis testing, and the energy distance based clustering method performs well in the clustering problem. The proposed approaches are applied in analyzing data from China Health and Nutrition Survey 2011. The results indicate that there are significant differences among income distributions of the 12 provinces in the dataset. After applying a 4-means clustering algorithm, we obtained the clustering results of the income distributions in the 12 provinces.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare differences in muscle activities according to distance changes, and success or failure in relation to approaches during a round of golf in order to obtain basic data on golf swings. Methods : To achieve our research goal, we asked eight professional golfers playing for the Korea Professional Golfers' Association (height: $1.76{\pm}0.05m$, weight: $73.87{\pm}9.21kg$, career duration: $12.87{\pm}4.48yr$) to perform approach swings at distances of 30, 50, and 70 m. Results : No differences were observed in the muscle activity of the extensor carpi radialis that were caused by the distance changes. In addition, we found that the wrist extensors seemed unaffected by the increase in approach distance. Also, we found that the powers of the approach shots were driven by efficient movements rather than by the strength of the arms. We confirmed that when the distance of the approach increased, the golfers should perform their back-swing tops and follow-through right from the right to the left pelvic limb. To achieve successful approach swings despite distance changes, golfers should first work on the activity of the erector spinae to prepare for rotatory power in the P1 section. Moreover, golfers should increase the activity of the erector spinae on the left when they need to deal with the distance improvements in the P2 and P3 sections. Conclusion : In the light of the discussion above, we may infer that despite approach distance changes during a round of golf, ideal swings can be realized by consistent activities of the wrist extensor muscles and improved performances of the pelvic limb muscles. Furthermore, this study suggests that golfers should improve the consistency of muscle activities in all the other body parts to achieve the ideal swing.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1644-1651
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of distance education experience using users' avatars in virtual reality space on their teaching efficacy belief. There were 9 participants who were enrolled in a course in doctoral program of education department in J University for the study. The first class of six sessions was face to face class on how to use Second Life and the 14 classes of 3 sessions were done in a classroom of Second Life. According to the analysis of reflection notes, interviews, researcher's observations of 5 participants, their experiences of presentation and taking classes in distance education using their own avatars in Second Life had positive influence on participants' teaching efficacy belief in their future working for distance education using avatars of Second Life. The implication of this study is to show some conditions for successful distance education as well as to see the potential of distance education in 3D virtual reality space using avatars. This study will contribute to promote the future study in distance education field.