• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2021

This study develops a new device system for measuring a slope of object with non-adhesive, non-contact and non-face-to-face, namely Inclinometer Slope Laser Measuring (ISLM), that is applicable in the field. This system includes cradle, laser, camera, and computer and the filming and is performed after laser projection at programmed intervals. After measuring the amount of displacement converted to numerical values, these values can then be transferred to the office using the selected data transmission method. The obtained results from the test carried out to verify the reliability of the ISLM system indicated that the ISLM system can measure with accurately level of 0.1mm/Pixel at 1m distance and when increasing the camera resolution, the precision might increase proportionally. Therefore, the proposed measure system may widely apply on-site for various constructions, especially, in the case of object with very high surface temperature where exhibits difficulty to directly measure the adjacent structures. However, due to the sensitive reaction to the illuminance, this method can be applied with caution at times of large changes in illuminance, such as at dawn and at dusk.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to discover the possible solutions for the problem faced by academicians during online learning by means of employing qualitative and quantitative approaches. Using a qualitative approach, selected academicians were interviewed, and their feedback was transcribed and used to develop the survey instrument. The quantitative research design was later used to determine the most plausible solutions for the problem that could be obtained and implemented by distributing the questionnaire to academicians at a public university. Multiple regression analysis results indicate that work-life conflict and lack of support are the main contributors to academicians' mental and emotional health issues. The study's major findings help higher education institutions craft appropriate strategies to enhance the effectiveness of online teaching and learning by providing the necessary support to the academicians. The study's findings suggest that academicians should separate work and family requirements to concentrate on their job. Furthermore, the immediate supervisor must be considerate in determining the number of tasks, the deadlines, and the assistance required to complete the task. Lastly, academicians must equip themselves with emotional intelligence to cope with stressors.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.80-92
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to provide information of the structure of the social support network and life interchange with the social support network which influence the life satisfaction in the rural elderly. The sample of this study was selected from the elderly living in Korea rural areas. 350 out of 363 respondents were finally selected as datum sources. The methodological instrument was the questionnaire. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: First most of rural elderly had the relationship all kinds of social support network-family kin neighbors & friend. And the family was the primary source of support network. The com-mon size of the social support network was 1-3 persons. Second the frequency of the contact with the family the neighbors & the friends were almost daily and they were interacting in a near distance. The interchange with the social support network was high. Life satisfaction of the rural elderly was low. Third the interchange with the family and the kin the emotional interchange had the effect upon life satisfaction. Also the economic service support was significant in the kin and the neighbors.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.252-260
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• 2023

A bullet launcher can be developed as a smart instrument, especially for use in the military section, that can track, identify, detect, mark, lock, and shoot a target by implementing an image-processing system. In this research, the application of object recognition system, laser encoding as a unique marker, 2-dimensional movement, and pneumatic as a shooter has been studied intensively. The results showed that object recognition system could detect various colors, patterns, sizes, and laser blinking. Measuring the average error value of the object distance by using the camera is ±4, ±5, and ±6% for circle, square and triangle form respectively. Meanwhile, the average accuracy of shots on objects is 95.24% and 85.71% in indoor and outdoor conditions respectively. Here, the average prototype response time is 1.11 s. Moreover, the highest accuracy rate of shooting results at 50 cm was obtained 98.32%.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.379-393
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• 1995

In spite of school science learning, the students' conceptions have not been changed easily. Therefore, to make students overcome their non scientific conceptions has been an important issue in science education. The purpose of this study was to identify the conceptions of students and teachers on the motion of the earth and the moon. The instrument was developed for estimating students' understandings of the concepts related to the motion of the earth and the moon. The validity of the instrument was examined by the specialists in Science Educator and Astronomer. At the same time, the two field trials had been executed, and the items were modified. Also, it consists of 12 items including 9 two-tier multiple choice items and 3 multiple choice items. The population of this study consists of 250 eighth-, 299 tenth-, 292 eleventh-grade students, 134 science teachers in secondary school. SPSS/PC+ was adopted for the statistical analysis. The type of misconceptions possessed students were as follows: 1) At 12:00 noon, the sun is directly overhead. 2) First quarter moon is a half of overall surface of the moon. 3) Air don't rotate with the earth surface because it keeps apart from the earth surface. 4) Summer is warmer than winter, because the earth is nearer from the sun in summer. 5) Whenever season is changed, the direction of rotation axis of the earth is changed. 6) The moon is the brightest at the position of new moon, because the distance between the moon and the sun is the shortest and the moon is received strongest sunlight. 7) The moon is not seen at the position of real full moon, because it is covered with shadow of the earth. 8) When the moon is not seen in the earth, sunlight is not reached at the moon. The major findings were as follows : 1) The middle school students had more misconceptions than those of high school students. And female students had more misconceptions than those of male ones. 2) The rate of correct answer and the type of conception in the tenth grade students were very similar with eleventh grade students. 3) The higher cognitive level, the better development of scientific conception and the less misconception. Also, the correlation coefficient between scientific conception score and GALT score was 0.57. 4) The students in scientific part had higher the rate of correct answer than those of students in human part and the former had less misconception than the latter. 5) The rate of correct answer about model and figure items was lower than descriptive ones, because they did not understand about figures itselves. These types of misconceptions will be used for science instruction and studies of other conceptions need.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2009

고속철도 신호시스템은 ATC시스템을 이용하여 열차의 제한속도를 송신하고, 일부 도시철도 신호시스템은 이동가능거리를 전송한다. 열차제어정보전송은 직접 궤도를 이용하여 차상에 전송하는 방식, 궤도상에 기기를 설치하여 전송하는 방식, 선로변에 기기를 전송하는 방식이 있다. 직접궤도를 도체로 활용하여 궤도를 회로일부로 구성하고, 궤도에 신호를 전송하여 열차가 궤도에서 열차제어 정보를 획득하는 방법으로, 궤도회로를 사용하며, 고속철도, 지하철에서 사용하고 있다. 궤도회로를 사용하는 방식은 반송신호에 정보를 실어서 보내며, 차상장치는 자기결합에 의해서 정보를 획득한다. 콘크리트 슬래브궤도에는 많은 철근을 사용하기 때문에 자갈도상의 궤도에서는 발생되지 않았던 레일과 철근간의 상호작용이 발생한다. 레일과 철근간의 상호작용이 발생하여 레일의 전기적 특성이 변화된다. 본 논문에서는 경부고속철도 2단계 구간에서 사용되는 콘크리트 슬래브궤도에서 레일과 철근 사이의 모델을 이용하여 콘크리트 슬래브궤도의 모델로부터 레일과 철근 사이의 결합계수를 수리적으로 해석하고, 레일과 철근간의 상호작용이 일어나지 않는 경우, 즉 철근에 의한 레일의 전기적 특성의 변화가 없는 결합계수를 정의하였다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2010

향후 구축될 3차원 수치지도의 정확도 검증을 위해서는 기준점 또는 검사점 역할을 할 수 있는 건물 모서리와 같은 대상점에 대한 정확한 3차원 좌표값이 반드시 필요하다. 건물 모서리 점에 대한 좌표는 GPS를 이용하여 결정한 지상기준점으로부터 거리 또는 각을 이용한 지상측량의 방법으로 결정할 수 있는데, 지상기준점의 오차는 지상측량을 통해서 최종적으로 건물 모서리좌표에 영향을 미치므로 이는 반드시 고려되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 GPS 등으로 결정한 지상기준정의 오차정보가 지상측량을 통해 최종적인 미지수인 건물 모서리 점의 추정값에 미치는 영향에 대해서 수학적으로 분석하고 시뮬레이션 데이터틀 통해 수치적으로 테스트 했다. 지상기준점의 오차는 수평방향 1-4cm 수직방향 2-8cm에 대해서 각각 테스트 했으며 GPS 위치결정의 특성상 수칙방향의 오차가 수평방향의 오차의 두 배가 되도록 했다. 위치결정을 위한 지상측량 방법은 거리측량을 기준으로 테스트했으며, 추정된 건물 모서리점의 정밀도는 지상기준점의 오차에 거의 선형적으로 비례함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 건물 모서리 점의 최종 추정좌표는 관측장비의 정밀도에 따라 부여한 랜덤오차에 따라 달라지지만 추정 정밀도는 거의 일정함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.359-388
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• 2012

본 연구는 공간 감각의 하위 요인 틀을 추출하고, 이를 기초로 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 학생들의 공간 감각 실태를 조사하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 이론적 고찰을 바탕으로 공간 감각을 정신적 회전, 정신적 변환, 도형 배경 지각으로 이루어진 공간 시각화 능력과 방향 감각, 거리 감각, 위치 감각으로 이루어진 공간 방향 능력으로 구분하고, 공간 감각 검사 도구를 개발하여, 수도권에 소재한 5개 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 423명을 대상으로 학생들의 실태를 조사하고, 하위 요인별 및 문항별 정답률 및 정답과 오답에 대한 반응 분포를 제시하고, 대응 표본-t 검정, ANOVA 분석과 다중 비교 분석을 통해 학년 간 및 학년별 차이를 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 첫째, 학년에 따른 공간 감각은 향상되나 공간 시각화 능력의 상승폭이 공간 방향 능력보다 훨씬 크고 그 순위가 역전되고, 둘째, 공간 감각 하위 요인 중 특히 부족한 부분은 정신적 변환과 위치 감각이며, 셋째, 요인별 및 문항별 학년 간 유의미한 차이는 대부분 학습 경험에 기인하지만, 자연적 인지 발달 능력 및 문항의 복합성에도 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 기초로 공간 감각 교수 학습에의 시사점을 제안하였다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권3호통권49호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2003

An objective of local exhaust hood design is to design the hood to operate as efficiently as possible. The greatest loss normally occurs at the entrance to the duct, due to the vena contracta in the throat of the duct. This can be accomplished by minimizing the loss that results from the vena contracta. There have been little studied to be cost-effective approach as installing simple instrument inside the throat of the hood. The aims of this paper were to minimize entry loss using inner square, and to measure the effect of inner square when installed inside hood throat. The results of this study were as follows; First, the magnitude of vena contracta could be considered as the difference between direct measured velocity and calculated velocity, which is from Bernoulli theory. In circle hood, calculated velocity and direct measured velocity were 10.7m/sec and 10.3n/sec, respectively. And the calculated velocity and direct measured velocity in square hood were 7.7m./sec and 6.5m/sec, respectively. Second, effect of inner square by width was carried out. The widths of inner square were L/1(18cm), L/2(9cm), L/3(6cm) and L/6(3cm). In case inner square was installed with 3cm width, the entry of coefficient was 0.93, comparing with 0.85 of entry of coefficient of general hood. Third, effect of inner square by distance from hood inside surface to inner square was carried out. The distances were L/3(6cm), L/6(3cm), L/9(2cm) and L/l8(1cm). In case the distance was 3cm the best efficiency was shown (Ce= 0.93). Fourth, effect of inner square by location from hood entry to duct inside was carried out. The locations of inner square were entry(0cm), L/6(3cm), L/3(6cm), L/2(9cm) and L/l(12cm). In case the location was 0cm, 3cm and 6cm the entry of coefficients were 0.93, 0.92 and 0.90, respectively.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2010

목적: 시험렌즈와 포롭터에서의 측정된 교정굴절력 변화를 비교하기 위하여 실시하였다. 방법: 시험렌즈와 포롭터를 사용했을 때의 교정굴절력을 비교하고, 굴절검사기기(시험렌즈와 포롭터)에 따른 구면렌즈교정굴절력, 원주렌즈 교정굴절력의 통계학적 유의성과 상관성, 난시안에서 난시량과의 굴절검사기기와의 상관성과 통계학적 유의성을 분석하였다. 결과: 단순근시안의 교정굴절력을 시험렌즈와 포롭터를 이용하여 측정한 결과 평균교정굴절력이 시험렌즈는 S-2.74D, 포롭터는 S-2.65D로, 포롭터로 측정했을 때의 교정굴절력이 약 0.09D 낮게 측정되었고, 난시량은 시험렌즈는 C-0.81D, 포롭터는 C-0.77D로, 포롭터를 이용하였을 때 약 0.04D 정도 낮게 측정되었다. 굴절검사기기(시험렌즈와 포롭터)와 교정굴절력과의 상관성 분석 결과, 굴절검사기기와 구면렌즈 교정굴절력은 r=0.996으로 높은 상관성이 있었고, 통계학적으로도 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p<0.01), 원주렌즈 교정굴절력도 r=0.986으로 높은 상관성이 있었고, 통계학적으로도 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). 결론: 고도비정시안(단순굴절이상과 고도 난시안)의 굴절검사는 시험렌즈보다는 포롭터를 이용하는 것이 바람직하고, 시험렌즈를 이용할 경우 처방 시 정점간거리나 렌즈사이의 간격에 주의가 요구 된다.