• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.117-125
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• 2019

This study measured inefficiencies of Korean banks with weighted Russell directional distance function, WRDDM, for the years of 2004-2013. Checking contributions of inputs and outputs to these inefficiencies, we found that non-performing loan as undesirable output was the most influential factor. The annual average of inefficiencies of Korean banks was 0.3912, and it consisted of non-performing loan 0.1883, output factors 0.098 except non-performing loan, input factors 0.098. The annual average inefficiency went sharply up from 0.2995 to 0.4829 mainly due to the sharp increase of inefficiency of non-performing loan from 0.1088 to 0.2678 before and after 2007-2008 Global financial crisis. We empirically showed the non-performing loan needed to be considered since it was the most important factor among the influential factors of technical inefficiency such as manpower, total deposit, securities, and non-performing loan. This study had some limitation since we did not control financial environment factor in WRDDM.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.115-122
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• 2011

This paper investigates the accuracy of the vehicle pre-braking speed estimated based upon measured skidding distance. Driver ordinarily takes sudden braking when urgent situation is developed in the front or when the driver is involved in an unexpected situation, and the driver may be inflicted upon an accident depending on the required stopping distance. Among factors influencing the stopping distance of vehicle such as recognition response time of driver, performance of vehicle's braking device, and state of road surface etc, pre-braking speed is seemingly the most important influencing factor. Currently, in the investigating section of traffic accidents, the state of overspeed is determined by the pre-skidding speed calculated based on the length of skid mark. In order to identify the accurate cause of the accident, it is strongly recommended that estimation of pre-braking speed should be estimated taking into account speed reduction during transient time. In this study, we propose a method for estimating more accurate exact speed information of vehicle at the time of traffic accident. The outcomes from this study potentially help better understanding of the characteristics of vehicle for traffic safety in the future.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.85-95
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• 2017

This study aims to identify the throw distance in terms of truck weight, bumper height, and speed in a truck and pedestrian collision, and to propose a model for throw distance estimates. For this purpose, a simulation analysis is performed using the PC-crash program with the following experiment conditions: Truck weight of 5t, 15t, and 25t, Bumper height from 0.3m to 0.6m by 0.1m, and speed from 10km/h to 100km/h by 10 km/h. Experimental results show that the truck speed and bumper height are found to be significant factors for pedestrian throw distance, but truck weight is not a significant factor. Also, a regression model is developed for pedestrian throw distance estimate from the multiple regression analysis. The adjusted $R^2$ value of the model is 93.3%, which is very good explanatory power.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.260-268
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• 2022

The article considers the training, competitiveness of specialists, professional mobility, professionalism and competence of specialists in the context of distance learning. The advantages of distance learning are shown. The characteristic features of distance learning in the preparation of students and in the implementation of these technologies in the educational process of higher educational institutions are determined. Competitiveness, professional mobility, professionalism and competence of a specialist are qualities that determine a person's life and work success. Professional mobility is interpreted as a systemic quality of a specialist's personality, which includes a whole range of knowledge, skills, abilities, personal qualities, value orientations, and so on. The vision of mobility of specialists by foreign scientists is presented. It is noted that the classification of professional mobility presented in the article makes it possible to organize various movements from a single position, to present them as separate manifestations of the general process of professional and pedagogical mobility, to determine which type of mobility ensures the performance of certain social functions. It was found that mobility can be differentiated into differentiated and intergeneration. According to the subject, individual and group mobility are distinguished; according to the direction - internal and external. The classification of employees according to their attitude to mobility is shown, which can be divided into the following groups: actually mobile; potentially mobile; actually stable; potentially stable.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.118-127
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• 2012

Using GIS, animal clinic's spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. Animal clinic location data was collected through the Internet's Open API service. Approximately 4,100 animal clinics are operated in South Korea in 2011. And 47 % of these are located in the Seoul area. Population, especially female population and apartment resident's ratio affects the location factor of the animal clinic. The number of 25~44 year-old woman and animal clinics are high correlation. In the animal clinic location, distance from the road is more important than the distance of the metro.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.1 s.85
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• pp.157-166
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• 2005

This article involves architecting prototype-fuzzy expert system for designing the nominal cover thickness by means of fuzzy inference for quantitatively representing the environment affecting factor to reinforced concrete in chloride-induced corrosion environment. In this work, nominal cover thickness to reinforcement in concrete was determined by the sum of minimum cover thickness and tolerance to that defined from skill level, constructability and the significance of member. Several variables defining the quality of concrete and environment affecting factor (EAF) including relative humidity, temperature, cyclic wet and dry, and the distance from coast were treated as fuzzy variables. To qualify EAF the environment conditions of cycle degree of wet-dry, relative humidity, distance from coast and temperature were used as input variables. To determine the nominal cover thickness a qualified EAF, concrete grade, and water-cement ratio were used. The membership functions of each fuzzy variable were generated from the engineering knowledge and intuition based on some references as well as some international codes of practice.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.306-309
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• 2004

The susceptibility of landslides and the effect of landslide-related factors at Penang in Malaysia using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing data have been evaluated. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and from field surveys. Topographical and geological data and satellite images were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing. The factors chosen that influence landslide occurrence were: topographic slope, topographic aspect, topographic curvature and distance from drainage, all from the topographic database; lithology and distance from lineament, taken from the geologic database; land use from Landsat TM (Thermatic Mapper) satellite images; and the vegetation index value from SPOT HRV (High Resolution Visible) satellite images. Landslide hazardous areas were analysed and mapped using the landslide-occurrence factors employing the probability-frequency ratio method. To assess the effect of these factors, each factor was excluded from the analysis, and its effect verified using the landslide location data. As a result, land 'cover had relatively positive effects, and lithology had relatively negative effects on the landslide susceptibility maps in the study area. In addition, the landslide susceptibility maps using the all factors showed the relatively good results.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.620-625
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• 2015

The summer climate is very hot and humid in Korea. Humidity is an important factor in determining thermal comfort. Recently, research on dehumidification device development has been attempted to save the energy required for operating the dehumidifier. Existing dehumidification systems have disadvantages such as wasting energy to drive the compressor. Meanwhile, dehumidification systems with membranes can dehumidify humid air without increasing the dry bulb temperature. Therefore. they don't have to consume cooling energy. In this paper, the installation conditions for a membrane system were analyzed to improve the shape and optimum performance of the system. The results showed that the distance between elements was the critical system design factor, and that a distance of 20 mm was the optimal condition for the pressure drop and flow characteristics of the internal air flow.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.117-124
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• 2020

This study empirically analyzed air transport trade patterns using data for 30 years between Korea and its trading partners in order to identify specific factors that determine the size of Korea's air transport trade. Independent variables were GDP per capita, capital distance between countries, country area data and number of airports. In addition, it reflected whether it is a landlocked country and whether it has joined the OECD, APEC and ASEAN+3. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the air cargo trade pattern in Korea is proportional to GDP per capita, and the scale increases as the distance is closer. In addition, the national area and the airport capital acted as a factor in increasing air transport trade. However, whether a country is a landlocked country did not show significant results in terms of trade, exports, and imports. The OECD, APEC, and ASEAN+3 variables were found to generally increase air transport trade.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.204-208
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• 2013

CO2 emission makes up more than 80% of whole green gas. Therefore CO2 is recognized as the main culprit of global warming. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) is advising the 3 methods measuring CO2 emission. TIER1 is measured CO2 emission by criteria the energy consumption, TIER2 measure by criteria the emission factor according to the emission control technique each kind of vehicle, TIER3 is measured by criteria the distance each kind of vehicle. Currently, the most of CO2 emission measurement is used by TIER1. But it is not standardized that CO2 emission measurement method have the factor as work condition each distance. Specially, it is not suggest that methodology has the condition changing load of equipment according to site condition and the same position work as construction equipment. So, this study is suggested the CO2 emission measurement methodology of construction equipment.