• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1991

This study was attempted to investigate the dissolution rate and bioavailability of commercially available furosemide preparations. A. B. and C. The dissolution test was conducted in an artificial gastric juice using the basket method. and furosemide (40 mg) was administered orally to 8 normal volunteers by cross-over design. The results were as follows: the AUC and dissolution rate in 100 min ($D_{100\;min}$) were higher in order of preparations. A > C > B. But the peak concentration. time to reach peak concentration $(T_{max})$, and mean dissolution time (MDT) were in order of preparations. C > A > B. There were significantly linear correlations between the AUC and the $D_{100\;min}$, and between the $T_{max}$ and the MDT. From the results of this experiment. it can be concluded that commercially available preparations bioavailability of furosemide, which may be predicted from the dissolution rate.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.100-112
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• 1985

Dissolution characteristics of flurbiprofen solvent deposited on ${\alpha}-cyclodextrin$, ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$, lactose and corn starch were studied to evaluate the pharmaceutical aspects of solvent deposition method where drug was solvent deposited on the surface of excipients. In a solvent deposition system, the drug to excipient ratio and kind of excipient affect much on dissolution rates of flurbiprofen. The solvent deposition system formation was confirmed by scanning electron microscope. By increasing the amounts of matrix, it was possible to enhance the dissolution rate of flurbiprofen solvent deposition system. The amount of flurbiprofen dissolved from ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ deposition system (1:10) at 60 minutes was enhanced 6.5 times in water and 28 times in simulated gastric juice compared with flurbiprofen alone. Flurbiprofen solvent deposited system (1:10) enhanced dissolution rate greater than inclusion complex and dispersion system.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 1981

In order to increase the dissolution rate on the mixture of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (SMX-TMP), their coprecipitates with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were studied. Coprecipitates prepared with various ratios of SMX and TMP were examined such as hygroscopicity, apparent solubility, apparent partition coefficient and the dissolution behavior of SMX-TMP's coprecipitates and their physical mixtures. The hygroscopicity of coprecipitates were less than that of physical mixtures. The apparent solubility and dissolution rate of SMX-TMP's coprecipitates were found to be greatly increased. The dissolution rates of SMX and TMP in the coprecipitates were decreased when the ratio of two ingredients to PVP was smaller, and the dissolution rate of SMX was increased when the ratio of SMX to TMP was larger.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 1993

Dissolution of mucosal adhesive tablets prepared with two polymers using hydroxypropylcellulose-H (HPC) and carbopol 934 (CP) was tested. Adhesive tablets containing HPC/CP and brilliant blue FCF (BB) were prepared from direct compression. Three factors of polymer ratio (HPC:CP), BB content and compression force were chosen as important factors of preparation and factorial analysis for these factors was carried out. Eight kinds of formulations from different combinations of three factors were prepared and dissolution test in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution was performed. Dissolution rate was significantly affected by HPC:CP ratio and BB content, but was not affected by compression force.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2002

To improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drug and to develop a sustained release tablets, the need for the technique, the formation of solid dispersion with polymeric materials that can potentially enhance the dissolution rate and extent of drug absorption was considered in this study. The 1:1, 1:4, and 1:5 solid dispersions were prepared by spray drying method using PVP K30, ethanol and methylene chloride. The dissolution test was carried out at in phosphate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$ in 100 rpm. Solid dispersed drugs were examined using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy, wherein it was found that felodipine is amorphous in the PVP K30 solid dispersion. Felodifine SR tablets were prepared by direct compressing the powder mixture composed of solid dispersed felodipine, lactose, Eudragit and magnesium stearate using a single punch press. In order to develop a sustained-release preparation containing solid dispersed felodipine, a comparative dissolution study was done using commercially existing product as control. The dissolution rate of intact felodipine, solid dispersed felodipine and its physical mixture, respectively, were compared by the dissolution rates for 30 minutes. The dissolution rates of felodipine for 30 minutes from 1:1, 1:4, 1:5 PVP K30 solid dispersion were 70%, 78% and 90%. However, dissolution rate offelodipine from the physical mixture was 5% of drug for 30 minutes. Our developed product Felodipine SR Tablet showed dissolution of 17%, 50% and 89% for 1, 4, and 7 hours. This designed oral delivery system is easy to manufacture, and drug releases behavior is highly reproducible and offers advantages over the existing commercial product. The dissolution rate of felodipine was significantly enhanced, following the formation of solid dispersion. The solid dispersion technique with water-soluble polymer could be used to develop a solid dispersed felodipine SR tablet.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of surfactant on the dissolution of relatively hydrophilic drugs, such as sulfanilamide (SF) and sulfacetamide (SFA) granules prepared by wet granulation. The additive incorporated in the granules is starch or microcrystalline cellulose(MCC) as an excipient, PVP as a binder, and polysorbate 80 (P-80) as a surfactant. The dissolution characteristics of SF and SFA granules in distilled water were as follows: The values of T$_{75%}$ were 4.60 and 2.50min, respectively for SF and SFA granules. Incorporation of 0.1% P-80 in SF granule ratarded the dissolution of SF as compared with control, but addition of 0.1% P-80 to SFA granule improved the dissolution of SFA in comparison with control. In SF and SFA granules formulated with either starch or PVP, the release of the drug was increased as compared with control. In SF granule, the dissolution of the drug was further reduced by the inclusion of P-80 in the granule containing starch or PVP. Incorporation of P-80 in SFA granule with starch or PVP affected little on the dissolution of the drug. Addition of a nonswelling excipient, MCC decreased the dissolution rate of SF and SFA granules. as compared with each control. The presence of P-80 in these granules made the dissolution rate slower in comparison with the granules containing only MCC.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of utilizing various types of nozzles and gas-liquid mixers to increase the dissolution rate of plasma gas containing ozone generated in a dielectric barrier plasma reactor. After selecting the air atomizing nozzle with the highest gas dissolution rate among the 13 types of test equipment, we investigated the influence of the operating factors on the air atomizing nozzle to determine the optimal plasma gas dissolution method. The gas dissolution rate was measured by a simple and indirect method, specifically, the measurement of KLa instead of direct measurement of ozone concentration, which requires a longer analysis time. The results showed that the KLa value of the simple mix of air and water was $0.372min^{-1}$, Which is 1.44 times higher than that ($0.258min^{-1}$) of gas emitted from a normal diffuser. Among the nozzles of the same type, the KLa value was highest for the nozzle having the smallest orifice diameter. Among the 13 types of devices tested, the nozzle with highest KLa value was the M22M nozzle, which is a gas-liquid spray nozzle. The relationship between water circulation flow rate and KLa value in the experimental range was linear. The air supply flow rate and KLa value showed a parabolic-type correlation, while the optimum air supply flow rate for the water circulation flow rate of 1.8 L / min is 1.38 times.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.30-37
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• 2003

A kinetics study on the dissolution reaction of zinc-ferrite has been made with aqueous sulfuric acid in various temperature and concentration. Fraction reacted(R) and apparent rate constant(K) increased with increasing temperature and concentration of sulfuric acid solution. The rate of dissolution is shown by $1-(1-K)^{1/3}=Kt$ for the initial stage of the reaction in aqueous sulfuric acid, where K is apparent rate constant, R is fraction reacted and t is reaction time, respectively. Activation energy associated with reaction was determined to be 16.3 kcal/mole. The dissolution of zinc-ferrite in sulfuric acid solution is dissolved by sto-ichiometric composition, but Fe and Zn did not dissolved, respectively.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.273-279
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• 2015

Effects of passive film quality by chemical passivation and solution flow on the corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel in HCl solution were investigated using a coloration indicator, and by corrosion weight loss, electrochemical polarization and element dissolution measurements. A high redness degree suggests a low passive-film integrity for 304 stainless steel following air exposure, while the minimum redness degree for the samples after chemical passivation suggests a high passive-film integrity. In the static condition, samples subjected to air exposure exhibited a high corrosion rate and preferential dissolution of Fe. Chemical passivation inhibited the corrosion rate due to the intrinsically high structural integrity of the passive film and high concentrations of Cr-rich oxides and hydroxide. Solution flow accelerated corrosion by promoting both the anodic dissolution reaction and the cathodic reaction. Solution flow also altered the preferential dissolution to fast uniform dissolution of metal elements.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.121-127
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• 1990

Mefenamic acid has been widely used clinically as an anti-inflammatory analgesic. It has poor solubility in water $(41\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and there is the difficulty of dissolution in the mefenamic acid capsules. A study was made to investigate the effect of various surfactants on the dissolution of mefenamic acid capsules. The surfactants used were sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), Pluronic F-68, F-77, and F-127. Mefenamic acid capsule containing surfactant showed significantly improved dissolution characteristics. The dissolution rate was fast in the order of SLS > F-77 > F-68 > F-127 in mefenamic acid capsules containing 0.2 w/w % surfactant. SLS was selected for further study on the bioavailability in rabbits. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve $(AUC_{0-24})$ of mefenamic acid capsule containing SLS was higher than one of mefenamic acid capsule not containing surfactant.