• Title/Summary/Keyword: Dissimilar Metals

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A Study on Corrosion according to Distance between Amalgam and Dissimilar Metals (아말감과 이종(異種)금속의 거리에 따른 부식에 대한 고찰)

  • Kim, Ju-won;Jeong, Eun-gyeong
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.103-109
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    • 2004
  • The present study prepared 72 test samples - 24 made of amalgam alloy, 24 of Verabond (Ni-Cr alloy) for crown and 24 of Talladium $^{TM}alloy$ for denture - according to the manufacturers' manuals and general method in consideration of the width of the mesial-distal dental crown of the lower $1^{st}$ molar and MOD cavity in clinics, put them in a 200 ml beaker containing 80 ml of artificial saliva, and measured their galvanic corrosion at distances of 0 mm, 7 mm and 40 mm after 7 days. Isolated metals in the electrolyte such as Cu, Ag, Ni, Cr, Sn, Zn and Hg were quantitatively analyzed with Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES, JY-50P, VG Elemental Co. France), and from the results were drawn conclusions as follows. First, Cu, Sn, Ag, Hg and Zn were highly advantageous when amalgam contacted gold alloy compared to Ni-Cr alloy for crown and Talladium alloy for denture. In addition, although gold alloy was finest in terms of oral tissue and biocompatibility, it was most disadvantageous when it was with amalgam. Second, when amalgam contacted gold alloy, heavy metals such as Ni and Cr were not isolated at all because gold alloy did not contain such elements but Sn was isolated as much as $227.1{\pm}18.0035{\mu}g/cm^2$ although it was not included in the composition either. Hg was also isolated. These elements are assumed to have been isolated from amalgam itself. Third, when amalgam alloy was apart from gold alloy 0 mm, 7 mm and 40 mm, Cu and Ag showed significance but Hg did not. This suggests that gold alloy must not be used together with amalgam, and must not be used between dissimilar prostheses regardless of distance. Fourth, when amalgam alloy contacted Ni-Cr alloy for crown, Ag was not isolated from the amalgam, but Zn, Ni, Sn, Hg and Cu were isolated in order of quantity. Significance was observed according to distance - 0 mm, 7 mm and 40 mm. Hg was not isolated but heavy metals Ni and Cr were isolated. If amalgam alloy was in the opposite arch or it was apart from Ni-Cr alloy for crown, the isolation Hg was less than that when amalgam alloy contacted Ni-Cr alloy for crown. Fifth, when amalgam alloy contacted Talladium alloy for denture, significance was observed at distances of 0mm, 7 mm and 40 mm. Hg was not isolated but heavy metals Ni and Cr were isolated. If amalgam alloy was in the opposite arch or it was apart from Talladium alloy for denture, the isolation Hg was less than that when amalgam alloy contacted Talladium alloy for denture. Sixth, according to the result of ICPES test on Cu, Sn, Ag, Hg, Zn, Ni and Cr of amalgam alloy, gold ally, Verabond and Talladium alloy when these alloys contacted artificial saliva, significance was observed in Cu and Hg. Seventh, when amalgam alloy contracted two non-precious metals Ni-Cr alloy for crown and Talladium alloy for denture in artificial saliva, significance was observed in the isolated by-products of Hg, Ni and Cr according to distance.

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Characterization of Cold Metal Transfer Welding Coated Steel (도금 강판 CMT 용접부위의 재료특성평가)

  • Song, Hyun Soo;Choi, Bo Sung;Yun, Jondo;Park, Seung Tae
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.32 no.10
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    • pp.891-896
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    • 2015
  • In order to protect the environment, using light material is becoming more and more attractive within the automobile industry. Aluminum alloys are the best and lightest metallic materials used in the automotive, electron, and aerospace industries. Al alloy and SGARC were joined by cold metal transfer (CMT) welding, using AlSiMn4 as a filler. Results showed that dissimilar metals from the Al 6000 series/SGARC could be successfully joined by CMT under proper processing parameters. The micro-hardness value of 125Hv was obtained at an interface.

A Feasibility Study on Dissimilar Metals Friction Weld Strength Analysis by Ultrasonic Techniques (초장파에 의한 이종재 마찰용접 강도해석 가능성에 관한 연구)

  • 오세규;김동조
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.47-52
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    • 1986
  • Friction Welds are formed by the mechanisms of diffusion as well as mechanical inter-locking. The severe plastic flow at the interface by the forge action of the process brings the subsurface so close together that detection of any unbounded area becomes very difficult. No reliable method is available so fat to determine the weld quality nondestructively. The paper presents an attempt to determine weld strength quantitatively using the ultrasonic pulseecho method. The new approach calculates the coefficient of reflection based on measured amplitudes of the echoes. This coefficient provides a single quantitative measurement which involves both acoustic energy reflected at the welded interface as well as transmitted across the interface. As a result, it was known that the quantitative relationship between the coefficient and the weld strength (torsional strength) could be drawn.

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Clad Steel for Application of Hull Structure (클래드강 적용을 위한 선급용 강재의 열처리 특성 평가)

  • Shin, Yong-Taek
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.20-25
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    • 2015
  • Clad steel has good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties arising from the hot rolling of dissimilar metals, such as carbon steel and stainless steel. However both good corrosion resistance from the cladding plate material(stainless steel) and mechanical properties from the base plate material (carbon steel) are difficult to obtain because the different steels display opposite behaviors during the cladding process. In order to make clad steel for application in the hulls of ships, proper materials selection and heat-treatment conditions are necessary. In this study, mechanical properties of base plate materials with different chemical composition were evaluated according to heat condition of cladding plate material.

Experimental Study on the Line Shock Wave in Explosive Welding (폭발용접에서 선형 충격파에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • 김청균;문정기
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.1108-1114
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    • 1992
  • In this paper results from experimental studies on the line wave detonation of explosive welding were presented. Using the ultra high speed comera, the ling wave generation during the bonding, process of composite materials was observed with an equilateral triangle lens. Experimental results confirmed the line wave formation of the shock front. And the results indicated the effectiveness of the ling wave detonation method in the explosive welding of similar or dissimilar metals.

Design of Helical SPR for Joining Advanced High Strength Steel and Aluminum Alloy Sheets (초고장력강과 알루미늄 합금의 판재 접합을 위한 헬리컬 SPR 설계)

  • Kim, Dongbum;Kim, Kwan-Woo;Cho, Hae-Yong
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.55-59
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    • 2015
  • Self-piercing riveting (SPR) is a sheet-joining method that can be used for materials that are difficult or unsuitable for weld, such as aluminum alloys and other steel sheet metals. The increased application of lightweight materials has initiated many investigations into new SPR conditions for riveting dissimilar materials. However, buckling of the semi-tubular rivet occurs during the riveting of AHSS. In this study, a helical SPR was designed for the riveting of AHSS and Al-alloy. In addition, the reinforced helical SPR which has straight parts was designed. The riveting of AHSS and Al-alloy was simulated. Simulated results were verified by comparison with experimental ones.

Tautomerism of Cytosine on Silver, Gold, and Copper: Raman Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculation Study

  • Cho, Kwang-Hwi;Joo, Sang-Woo
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.69-75
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    • 2008
  • Tautomerism of pyrimidine base cytosine has been comparatively examined on nanoparticle and roughened plate surfaces of silver, gold, and copper by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The SERS spectrum was found to be different depending on the metals and their substrate conditions suggesting the dissimilar population of various tautomers of cytosine on the surfaces. The ab initio calculations were performed at the levels of B3LYP, HF, and MP2 levels of theory with the LanL2DZ basis set to estimate the energetic stability of the tautomers with the metal complexes as well as the gas phase state. The amino group and N3-coordinated tautomer was predicted to be more favorable for bonding to Au, whereas the hydroxyl and N1-coordinated zwitter ionic form is most stable with Ag and Cu as a bidentate form from the DFT calculation. The binding energy with the Ag atom is calculated to be smaller than those with the Au and Cu atoms in line with the temperature-dependent SERS spectra of cytosine.

A Study on the Flow-Accelerated Corrosion Characteristics of Galvanically Coupled Dissimilar Metals. (이종금속 연결에 따른 침부식(FAC) 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jung-Gu
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2000.11a
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    • pp.269-272
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    • 2000
  • The flow accelerated galvanic corrosion characteristics of a carbon steel coupled to stainless steel were investigated in deaerated alkaline-chloride solutions as a function of flow velocities(0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 m/s), pH(8, 9, and 10) and temperature(25, 50 and $75^{\circ}C$). The electrochemical properties of specimens were investigated by potentiodynamic test and galvanic corrosion test using RCE(Rotating Cylinder Electrode). Carbon steel did not show passive behavior in the alkaline-chloride solution. The galvanic current density increases with increasing flow velocity and temperature, but decreased with increasing pH. Flow velocity had a small effect on the galvanic current density at $25^{\circ}C$, whereas the flow velocity increased galvanic current density significantly at $50^{\circ}C$ and $75^{\circ}C$. This might be due to the increased solubility of magnetite at the higher temperature.

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A Study on the Optimum Joining Condition in a Mechanical Press Joint (기계적 프레스 접합의 최적접합조건에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Yong-Bok;Kim, Tae-Yun;Jeong, Jin-Seong;Choe, Ji-Hun
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.24 no.3 s.174
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    • pp.752-760
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    • 2000
  • Mechanical press joining has been used in sheet metal joining processes because of its simple process and possibility of joining dissimilar metals, such as steel and aluminum. The strength of mechanical press joining varies with joining conditions. The optimum joining conditions considering tensile-shear and peel-tension strength have to be established to assure the reliability in the joining strength. Therefore, optimization of joining conditions has been investigated for improving joining strength of sheet metal. It is possible to obtain optimum strength from improvement on the joining strength of peel-tension mechanical press joint under multiaxial stress states.

Electrical Properties of Friction Welded joints between Cu-Al (마찰용접을 적용한 Cu-Al Busbar의 전기적 물성 연구)

  • Kim, Ki-Young;Choi, In-Chul;ITO, Kazuhiro;Oh, Myung-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.284-289
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    • 2020
  • Since the dissimilar bonded interface usually consists of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer and cracks, their mechanical and electrical properties can be influenced by microstructure at interface between two different metals. In this study, the friction welded Cu-Al busbar, which is widely used to connect a secondary battery and their component, is selected to analyze the influence of interfacial characteristic on their tensile strength and electric conductivity. Then, the electrical characteristics of Cu busbar and Cu-Al busbar were investigated by thermal flow analysis and temperature rise test. In addition, the relationship between the maximum saturation temperature and the electrical conductivity were discussed in terms of interfacial characteristics of the friction welded Cu-Al busbar.