• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.664-672
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• 2009

Nozzle in nuclear power plant is connected to pipe using safe end. Dissimilar metal weld between nozzle and safe end is followed by similar metal weld between safe end and pipe. And thus residual stress in dissimilar metal weld can be affected by similar metal weld. Similar metal weld impose bending stress on dissimilar metal weld, which is according to the length of safe end. In this study, simple nozzle model which covers various radius to thickness ratios was proposed to quantify residual stress in dissimilar metal weld based on finite element analyses. As a result, short length of safe end was proved to be more effective to mitigate residual stress in dissimilar metal weld and critical effective length of safe end is provided according to the radius to thickness ratio.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.110-114
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• 2008

Determination of weld-induced residual stress has been an important issue in nuclear power industry because several failures were reported in dissimilar metal weld parts due to primary water stress corrosion cracking. In this context, a couple of remarkable round robin analyses were conducted to quantify the welding simulation variables and to establish optimized numerical analysis process. The purpose of the present research is to introduce welding simulation results for a safety and relief nozzle, which has a dissimilar metal weld part as well as a similar metal weld part. First, finite element analyses are carried out to calculate residual stresses at the inside of nozzle considering only dissimilar metal welding. Subsequently, residual stresses taking into account both the dissimilar and similar metal welding are computed. The similar metal weld effect is evaluated by compa

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1025-1028
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• 2004

In this paper, we studied low cycle fatigue behavior of laser welded sheet metal that used automobile body panel. Specimens were manufactured as weld condition and sheet metal using automobile manufacturing company at present. For to know mechanical properties, micro Vicker's hardness test was performed of specimens. But, we can't confirm mechanical properties of weld bead and heat affected zone because laser weld makes very narrow weld bead and heat affected zone than other welding method. Therefore, we performed low cycle fatigue test with similar weldment, dissimilar weldment, similar thickness and dissimilar weldment, and dissimilar thickness and dissimilar weldment for fatigue properties of thickness and welding direction. As well, we analysis stress distribution of base metal, weld bead, and heat affected zone according to strain load using finite element method.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2011

The spot weldability of dissimilar metal joints between austenitic stainless steels (STS316)/IF steels and ferritic stainless steels (STS430)/IF steels was investigated. This study was aimed to determine the spot welding parameters for a dissimilar metal joint and to evaluate the dissimilar metal joint's weldability, including its welding nugget shape, tensile-shear strength, hardness, and microstructure. The comparison of these results was described in terms of fracture behavior. Compared with the weld lobe of similar metal joints, dissimilar metal joints (STS430/IF) had reduced weld current range. However, the weld lobe of STS316/IF steel joint showed increased weld current range. This is because the dilution of chemical composition in the molten weld pool suppressed the heat input being caused by Joule heat with current flow through the samples. The microstructure of the fusion zone was fully martensite and mixture of ferrite and martensite for austenitic stainless steel/IF steel and ferritic stainless steel/IF steel combination, respectively. The experimental results showed that the shape of nugget was asymmetric, in which the fusion zone of the austenitic and ferritic stainless steel sheet was larger due to the higher bulk-resistance. The predicted microstructure by using the Schaeffler diagram was well matched with experimental results. After peel test, the fracture was initiated from heat affected zone of ferritic stainless steel sheet side, however the final fracture was propagated into the IF steel sheet side due to its lower strength.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2009

This paper provides simulational round robin test results for welding residual stress prediction of safety/relief nozzle. To quantify the welding variables and define the recommendation for prediction and determination of welding residual stress, 6 partners in 5 institutes participated in round robin test. It is concluded that compressive axial and hoop residual stress occurs in dissimilar metal weld and pre-existing residual stress distribution in dissimilar metal weld was affected by similar metal weld due to short length of safe end. Although the reason for the deviation among the results was not pursued further, the effect of several key elements of FE analyses on welding residual stress was investigated in this paper.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.79-82
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• 2008

In this paper, results of simulational round robin test on residual stress prediction was provided. Welding residual stress is one of the reasons for primary water stress corrosion cracking in PWR. Therefore, quantifying the welding variables and defining the recommendation for prediction welding residual stress is important. Through the round robin test, it is known that compressive axial and hoop residual stress occurs in dissimilar metal weld and pre-existing residual stress distribution in dissimilar metal weld was affected by similar metal weld due to short length of safe end.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 보수용접부 폭 변화에 따른 이종금속 맞대기 용접부(Dissimilar metal butt weld) 용접잔류응력의 분포 및 동종금속용접/기계적 하중에 의한 재분배 거동을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 5가지 다른 보수용접부 폭을 고려한 상세 2차원 유한요소 열해석 및 응력해석을 수행하였다. 유한요소해석 결과를 바탕으로 보수용접에 의한 용접잔류응력 분포를 평가하였으며, 동종금속용접 및 기계적 하중에 의한 응력 재분배 특성을 평가하였다. 보수용접에 의해 배관 내면에서는 큰 인장 용접잔류응력이 축방향과 원주방향에 대해 발생하는 것으로 나타났으며 보수용접부 폭이 특정값 이상이 되면 용접잔류응력 분포가 변하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 동종금속용접과 기계적 하중을 고려하면 인장잔류응력값이 크게 감소하였으며 그 경향은 보수용접부 폭에 무관한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.979-984
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 국내 가동 중인 원자력발전소의 안전주입노즐을 대상으로 안전단의 길이와 동종금속용접부의 두께가 이종금속용접부의 응력분포에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 4가지의 서로 다른 안전단 길이와 4가지의 서로 다른 동종금속용접부 두께를 고려한 상세 2차원 유한요소 열해석 및 응력해석을 수행하였다. 유한요소해석 결과 동종금속용접부의 두께는 안전단의 길이가 짧은 경우 축방향 응력에 어느 정도 영향을 미쳤으나 원주방향 응력에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다. 안전단의 길이는 길이가 증가함에 따라 내면에서의 축방향 및 원주방향 응력값이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나 특정 안전단 길이를 기준으로 응력분포가 구분되는 경향을 나타냈다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2009년 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.100-100
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 원자력발전소 1차 계통의 스테인리스강 저합금강 이종금속용접부 및 스테인리스강 동종용접부의 잔류응력을 평가하고 스테인리스강 용접부의 응력부식균열 민감성에 대해 고찰하였다. 노즐 안전단의 이종금속용접부 및 안전단 배관의 동종용접부 제작 및 소재가공에 의행 생성되는 잔류응력을 예측하기 위해 열 탄소성 유한요소법 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 용접공정과 함께 표면의 잔류응력에 기여하는 절삭 및 연삭가공과 소재의 담금질 공정을 열 탄소성적으로 모사하였다. 전산해석 결과, 스테인리스주강의 담금질 잔류응력은 무시할 수 없는 상당한 크기이므로 배관 용접잔류응력 평가 시 소재의 담금질 효과를 고려해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 이종금속 용접과 동종금속 용접공정이 보수용접 없이 정상적인 절차(내면에서 외면으로 적층)로 완성된다면, 냉각재 환경에 노출되는 용접부 내면의 잔류응력은 재료의 응력부식균열 민감성에 영향을 주지 않을 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 안전단 배관 동종용접부의 연삭가공에 의해 내면의 잔류응력이 크게 상승하는 것으로 예측되었으므로, 내면의 연삭가공 이후 표면잔류응력 완화처리(예, 버핑)가 필요하다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.32-42
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• 1986

In this study, the influence of carbon equivalents on friction welds of dissimilar steels was investigated. Four types of carbon steels with 10mm diameter were welded to a high-speed tool steel SKH 9. Main experimental results could be summarized as follows (1) Under constant friction pressure, the friction time increased almost linearly with the increasing burn-off length, while the forge length decreased almost linearly. (2) The maximum hardness in carbon steels increased almost linearly with the increasing carbon equivalent, but was much lower than that in the high speed steel. (3) After quenching and tempering of dissimilar steel friction welds, the hardness in carbon steel weldments became similar as that in the base metal, while the hardness in SKH 9 weld was still higher that of the base metal. (4) Relative movement in the friction phae occurred not at the interface of the weldments, but in the high speed steed steel near the interface. (5) For considered material combinations and welding parameters, most of fractures in tension and twisting tests occurred in the base metal. And welds with so high strength could produced in a wide range of welding parameters.