• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2014

The plastic hinge region of RC pier ensures its nonlinear behavior during strong earthquake events. It is assumed that the piers secure sufficient strength and ductility in order to prevent the collapse of the bridge during strong earthquake. However, the presence of a lap-splice of longitudinal bars in the plastic hinge region may lead to the occurrence of early bond failure in the lap-splice zone and result in significant loss of the seismic performance. The current regulations for seismic performance evaluation limit the ultimate strain and displacement ductility considering the eventual presence of lap-splice, but do not consider the lap-splice length. In this study, seismic performance test and analysis are performed according to the cross-sectional size and the lap-splice length in the case of longitudinal bars with lap-splice located in the plastic hinge region of existing RC bridge columns with circular cross-section. The seismic behavioral characteristics of the piers are also analyzed. Based upon the results, this paper presents a more reasonable seismic performance evaluation method considering the lap-splice length and the cross-sectional size of the column.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.349-356
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• 2010

In this study, a new design method of pile bent structure considering plastic hinge was proposed on the basis of the beam-column model. Based on the analysis results, it is found that the positioning of plastic hinge on the pile bent structure was influenced by nonlinear behavior of material and p-$\Delta$ effect. Moreover, concrete cracking began to occur at the joint section between the pile and column in case of pile bent structure with different cross-sections. The plastic hinge can be developed on the pile bent structure when large displacement was occurred, and pile bent structures can be maintained well only if it is developed on the column part. Therefore, in this study, the optimized cross-section ratio between column and pile was analyzed to induce the plastic hinge at the joint section between the pile and column. Based on this, the optimized diameter ratio of pile and column can be obtained below the inflection point of the bi-linear curve depending on the relations between column-pile diameter ratio($D_c/D_p$) and normalized lateral cracking load ratio($F/F_{Dc=Dp}$). And through this study, it is founded that in-depth limit($L_{As}$=0.4%) normalized by the pile length($L_P$) are proportionally decreased as the pile length($L_P/D_P$) increases up to $L_P/D_P$=17.5, and beyond that in-depth limit converges to a constant value. Finally, it is found that the proposed limit depth by taking into account the minimum concrete-steel ratio would be more economical design of the pile bent structure.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권5A호
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• pp.887-899
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 교량 거더 단면의 공기역학적 특성을 나타내는 기본 자료인 공기력계수와 플러터계수가 동적응답과 어떠한 상관관계를 가지는지를 규명하는데 있다. 이를 위해 세 단계의 단면모형실험이 수행되었다. 첫 번째 단계에서는 총 7개의 거더 단면 즉, 6개의 플레이트거더 단면과 1개의 박스거더 단면이 고려되었으며 거더 단면의 기하학적 형상, 영각, 바람의 방향 그리고 기류조건이 공기력계수인 항력계수, 양력계수 그리고 모멘트계수에 미치는 영향을 정적 단면모형실험을 통해 살펴보았다. 두 번째 단계에서는 동적실험을 통해 각 단면의 공기력계수와 동적응답의 상관성을 검증하였다. 마지막으로 2자유도하의 동적 단면모형실험을 통해 세 개의 거더 단면의 플러터계수를 산출하고 이를 동적실험결과와 비교하였다. 주어진 단면형상에 대한 비정상 공기력에 의해 변화되는 시스템의 감쇠와 강성을 가장 잘 반영하는 플러터계수는 초기변위-자유진동시스템을 이용하여 추출하였다. 이를 위해 등류조건에서 풍속별로 교량단면의 수직 및 비틀림 초기변위의 시간에 따른 진폭의 감쇠를 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 교량단면의 공기력계수와 플러터계수는 공탄석해석 및 버펫팅해석을 위한 기본 자료로 유용하게 쓰일 것으로 보인다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.643-652
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• 2017

Pitched roof frames are widely used in construction of the industrial buildings, gyms, schools and colleges, fire stations, storages, hangars and many other low rise structures. The weight and shape of the gable frames with tapered members, as a familiar group of the pitched roof frames, are highly dependent on the properties of the member cross-sectional. In this work Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization (ECBO) is utilized for optimal design of three gable frames with tapered members. In order to optimize the frames, the design is performed using the AISC specifications for stress, displacement and stability constraints. The design constraints and weight of the gable frames are computed from the cross-section of members. These optimum weights are obtained using aforementioned optimization algorithms considering the cross-sections of the members and design constraints as optimization variables and constraints, respectively. A comparative study of the PSO and CBO with ECBO is also performed to illustrate the importance of the enhancement of the utilized optimization algorithm.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1281-1288
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• 1994

평면에서 곡선을 이루는 들보는 흔히 뒬효과를 고려한 원형곡선부재로 설계된다. 본 연구에서는 곡선교를 단면이 일축대칭이고 단순지지된 원형곡선부재로 이상화시켰다. 경계조건을 만족하는 변위형상함수를 퓨리어급수로 전개하고 이로부터 곡선교의 전동수방정식을 유도하였다. 곡선형교의 특성을 나타낼 수 있는 매개변수-중심각, 곡률계수 및 단면의 대칭성계수-의 변화에 따른 원형곡선부재의 고유진동수 특성분포를 보였다. 몇 개의 해석예를 통하여 고유진동수에 미치는 매개변수의 효과를 조사하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.233-242
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• 1999

In the present study, the elasto-plastic analysis of prismatic plate structures subjected to pure bending is carried out using the finite strip method. The end cross-sections of the structure are assumed to remain plane during deformation, and the compatibility along corner lines is ensured by choosing proper displacement functions. The effects of both the initial geometrical imperfections and residual stresses due to fabrication are included in the combined geometrically and materially nonlinear simulation. The von-Mises yield criterion and the Prandtl-Reuss flow theory of plasticity are applied in modelling the elasto-plastic behavior of material. Newton-Raphson iterations are carried out as the rotation of the end cross sections of the structure is increased step by step. The parameter representing the overall axial strain of structure is adjusted constantly during the iteration process in order to eliminate the resulting overall axial force on any cross-section of the structure in correspondence with the assumption of zero axial force in pure bending. Several numerical examples are presented to validate the present method and to investigate the effects of some material and geometrical parameters.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 세장한 부재가 압축력을 받을 경우 발생하는 횡좌굴에 의한 내력의 저하를 방지하기 위해, 좌굴 전에 항복을 유도하는 응력제한장치의 개발에 관한 것으로서, 기존의 면외저항방식 및 슬롯방식과는 상이한 단면절삭방식을 제안하고 그 유효성을 실험적, 해석적으로 규명하고 있다. 단면절삭방식은 단면의 절삭범위에 따라 역학적 특성 및 구조적 성능이 상이한 것으로서, 연구의 대상은 절삭의 폭 및 절삭개수를 주 대상으로 하고 있다. 연구결과, 단면 깊이가 같은 경우 단면 절삭폭의 영향은 나타나지 않았으며, 단면 절삭폭을 좁게, 절삭개수가 많을수록 소성영역에서 좀 더 안정적인 거동을 나타내었다. 따라서, 단면절삭을 이용한 응력제한 장치는 항복 후 안정된 이력거동을 나타내고 있어 응력제한 장치로서 그 유효성이 확인되었으며, 향후 실 구조물에의 적용이 가능하리라 판단된다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2003

In the design of the split type free displacer Stilting cryocooler the motion of the displacer is very important to decide the cooling capacity, which depends upon the working gas pressure, the swept volume in the compression space and the expansion space, operating frequency, the phase shift between piston and displacer, etc. In this study, Stirling cryocooler actuated by the electric farce of the dual linear motor is designed and manufactured. Cool down characteristics of the cold end with laser displacement sensor in the expander of the Stilting cryocooler is evaluated. The charging pressure was 15kg$_{f}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and operating frequency was 50Hz. Input power and the lowest temperature were about 32W and 67K, respectively. And, displacement of the piston is measured by LVDTs (Linear Variable Differential Transformers), displacement of thedisplacer is measured by laser optic method, and phase shift between piston and displacer is discussed. As the peak-to-peak pressure of the compressor was increased, peak-to-peak displacement of the displacer was increased. The peak-to-peak displacement of the displacer increases in the range of 0 - 64.5Hz(resonant frequency of the displacer), but decreases steeply when the operating frequency is bigger than the resonant frequency. Finally when the phase shift between displacements of the Piston and displacer is 45。, operating frequency is optimum and is decided by resonant frequency of the expander, mass and cross section area of the displacer and constant by friction and flow resistance.e.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.703-713
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• 2001

비대칭단면을 갖는 박벽 직선보의 3차원 자유진동해석을 수행하기 위하여 엄밀한 요소강도행렬을 유도한다. 단면이 균일한 비대칭 박벽 탄성보에 대하여 운동방정식, 힘-변위 관계식을 유도하고 엄밀한 동적강도행렬을 수치적으로 산정하는 방법을 제시한다. 14개의 변위파라미터를 도입하여 고차의 연립미분방정식을 1차 연립미분방정식으로 바꾸고, 비대칭행렬을 갖는 선형 고유치문제의 해를 복소수영역에서 구한다. 이를 이용하여 절점변위에 대한 처짐함수을 엄밀히 구하고, 재단력-변위 관계식을 이용하여 엄밀한 동적요소강도행렬을 산정한다. 본 방법의 타당성을 보이기 위하여 비대칭 박벽보의 고유진동수를 계산하고, 해석해, 혹은 3차 Hermitian 다항식을 사용한 보요소 및 ABAQUS를 사용한 유한요소 해석결과와 비교한다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2022

Steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) L-shaped column is the vertical load-bearing member with high spatial adaptability. The seismic behavior of SRC L-shaped column is complex because of their irregular cross sections. In this study, the hysteretic performance of six steel truss reinforced concrete L-shaped columns specimens under the combined loading of compression, bending, shear, and torsion was tested. There were two parameters, i.e., the moment ratio of torsion to bending (γ) and the aspect ratio (column length-to-depth ratio (φ)). The failure process, torsion-displacement hysteresis curves, and bending-displacement hysteresis curves of specimens were obtained, and the failure patterns, hysteresis curves, rigidity degradation, ductility, and energy dissipation were analyzed. The experimental research indicates that the failure mode of the specimen changes from bending failure to bending-shear failure and finally bending-torsion failure with the increase of γ. The torsion-displacement hysteresis curves were pinched in the middle, formed a slip platform, and the phenomenon of "load drop" occurred after the peak load. The bending-displacement hysteresis curves were plump, which shows that the bending capacity of the specimen is better than torsion capacity. The results show that the steel truss reinforced concrete L-shaped columns have good collapse resistance, and the ultimate interstory drift ratio more than that of the Chinese Code of Seismic Design of Building (GB50011-2014), which is sufficient. The average value of displacement ductility coefficient is larger than rotation angle ductility coefficient, indicating that the specimen has a better bending deformation resistance. The specimen that has a more regular section with a small φ has better potential to bear bending moment and torsion evenly and consume more energy under a combined action.