• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.198-210
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• 1997

To examine the double-faced thymoleptic(antidepressant and antimanic) effects of risperidone in mood disorders, this article reviews the psychotropic-induced mania, thymoleptic effects of antipsychotics, therapeutic effects of risperidone and risperidone(RIS)-induced mania(RIM) in mood disorders, risk factors of RIM, possible neurochemical mechanism of these thymoleptic effects, pathophysiological and clinical significance of thymoleptic effects, and suggestive clinical guideline of RIS in mood disorders. RIS appeared effective for bipolar disorder at a lower dose than that recommended for schizophrenia, especially in the cases of maintenance of mood stabilizers, and gradual titration from low doses. Manic induction/exacerbation can occur by chance during RIS treatment in mood disorders, schizoaffective disorders, and schizophrenias. The possible risk factors for RIM are refractory mood disorder, especially in bipolar I disorder with poor initial response ; refractory schizoaffective disorders, especially in bipolar type with poor initial response ; refractory chronic schizophrenias, especially with initial responses ; psychotic features ; higher initial doses ; rapid titration ; combined therapy with antidepressants in refractory depression ; and RIS monotherapy in mania/hypomania. RIS is a drug that preferentially block 5-HT2 receptors. The effects of low dose are due mainly to the blockade of 5-HT2 receptors. There are more gradual increase in D2 blockade with increasing dose and this D2 blocking properties become apparent at higher doses. This may be related to a modulation of dopaminergic transmission by 5-HT2 antagonism at lower doses with the direct action of RIS on DA receptors coming into play at higher dose. The serotonergic antagonistic effect may be important for its effects on depressive symptoms. This, together with adequate blo-ckade of D2 receptors, may not necessarily lead to destabilization of mood disorder, but rather to more therapeutic effects. Therefore, this dose-receptor affinity relationship with both antidepressant and antimanic effects according to treatment duration can explain a continuum of antidepressant effect, antimanic effect, behavioral stimulation, and manic/hypomanic induction/exacerbation. It was the recognition of a useful psychiatric side effects by a thoughtful observer with fertile minds that led to their ultimate utilization as psychotropic drugs, i.e., phenothiazine, MAOI, TCA, and lithium. And, in vivo pharmacological challenge by novel psychotropics, as a neurochemical probe, with more specific actions is a useful tool to select pharmacologically homogeneous subgroup of the same phenotypical(clinical) condition, to further study the unknown underlying pathogenesis of various mental illnesses. Finally, RIS may be a useful alternative or adjunctive drug for patients with mood disorders without psychotic features or refractory to treatment with standard antipsychotic drugs. The more conservative doses(tirated slowly from 1-3 mg/d) of RIS, and maintenance of mood stabilizer in the cases with risk factors of RIM are recommended in mood disorder.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.116-128
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• 2015

The purpose of research is to investigate mediating effect of stress management on influence over post traumatic stress disorder with traumatic case experience. In order to investigate, police officers from 4 police stations in Jeju were selected as subjects, 297 police officers. Data processing analysis of the research was verified by going through Baron & Kenny's regression analysis in 4 phases and Sobel Test was done to verify significance level on mediation effect. Through the research by confirming the manifestation route of post traumatic stress disorder symptom after traumatic case experience, assisted in setting up of appropriate post traumatic stress disorder intervention program and the purpose of research is to ultimately help police officers to break free from post traumatic stress and establish positive and dynamic work environment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.199-206
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• 2013

Objectives : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Asperger's disorder (AD) in children are associated with attentional problems, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulties with social interactions. Pharmacological treatment may alleviate symptoms of ADHD, but seldom solves difficulties with social interactions. Social skills training (SST) may assist in improving their social interactions. We examined the effects of SST on children's social competences, general behavior, and ADHD symptoms. Methods : Thirty four children, aged 7 to 12 years, participated in the cognitive behavioral SST program once a week at the outpatient division of child-adolescent psychiatry. SST was composed of 24 sessions (ninety minutes) for 6 months. Twenty-five children were diagnosed with ADHD, and 9 children were diagnosed with AD. Parents of the children rated Korea-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), Conner's rating scales, Korean-ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS), Social Skill Rating System (SSRS), and Matson's Social Skill Rating Scale as an evaluation of the treatment effect, before the first session and after the final session of the training. Results : The ADHD group showed significantly increased scores of social and social competence of CBCL and SSRS. Further, scores of externalizing problems of CBCL, CRS, and ARS were significantly decreased. The Asperger's group showed significantly increased scores of social competence of CBCL, SSRS, and MESS. There was a significant difference of the improvement in CBCL's school and total behavior problem score, CRS between drug change group and no drug change group. Conclusion : The result of this study suggests that SST is effective in improving social skills for children with ADHD and AD. In addition, SST has shown its effectiveness in treating attentional problems for children with ADHD. To prove objective usefulness of SST, further studies with a more structured design and long-term duration along with a sufficient number of AD participants will be necessary.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between sensory processing and sleep disturbances and to investigate the effect of sensory processing on sleep disorder in preschool children with developmental disorder. This study was conducted for 110 children with developmental disorder in developmental clinic and rehabilitation hospital in Gwang Ju from June to August, 2017. The final 109 data were analyzed. Sensory processing and Sleep disturbances were measured using the Shortened sensory profile(SSP) and Korean-the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire(K-CSHQ). Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. Children with developmental disorder had problems with sensory processing and sleep habits. Sensory processing was related to sleep habit and most important factors of sensory processing influencing sleep was taste/olfactory sensitivity, auditory filtering. Conclusion: In order to help children with developmental disorder with sleep problem, it is necessary to consider the sensory processing especially taste/olfactory sensitivity, auditory filtering.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2023

Objectives: To examine the effect of complex Korean medical treatment on tic disorder in children who visited the neuropsychiatric clinic of Korean medicine. Methods: Medical records of 35 patients diagnosed with tic disorder based on DSM-V who received complex Korean medical treatment (herbal medicine, acupuncture and Korean psychotherapy) were reviewed. Tic disorder was then evaluated by Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) before and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment to determine whether their symptoms were improved. Results: 1) After the treatment, mean YGTSS was reduced from 35.54±14.77 to 23.20±12.65. There were statistically significant changes between scores according to the time of treatment (p< 0.05). 2) At the time of visit, symptoms of motor tics were in the order of eyes, neck and shoulders, mouth, head and arms & hands, nose, face, upper body and other parts, and legs and symptoms of vocal tics were in the order of sniffing, dry coughing and MMM, AA and whistling, and other sounds. 3) For 35 patients, herbal medicine was prescribed every two weeks. The frequency of prescriptions used was in the order of Shihogayonggolmoryo-tang, Gami-ondam-tang, and others. 4) The frequency of herbs used in 35 patients was in the order of Poria, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Pinelliae Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Ostreae Concha and Bovis Ossis Fossilia, and others. Conclusions: Complex Korean medical treatment including herbal medicine, acupuncture, and Korean psychotherapy is effective for reducing tic symptoms in children.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to examine the fitness of a path model based on the objectification theory and to expand it by including the new variables to explain eating disorder symptomatology (EDS). Methods: The subjects consisted of 444 college women. Data was collected through self-report questionnaires that measured self-objectification (SO), social physique anxiety (SPA) and EDS as the original variables in the objectification theory, and influence of mass media (IMM) and sex-role attitude (SRA) as the new variables. Data was analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 and Amos 5.0 programs. Results: IMM and SRA showed direct effect on SO. IMM had direct and indirect effect on SPA and EDS. SRA had direct and indirect effect on EDS, but only indirect effect on SPA. SO and SPA influenced EDS directly, and SO influenced indirectly EDS. Conclusion: Path analyses indicated support for the original theory and the expanded theory. It is necessary for repeated studies including various age groups of women to clarify the applicability of the objectification theory to Korean women's eating disorders. And it were recommended that we should promote womens' criticism of the image and message about the perfect female body presented in the mass media, and to highlight the relationship of gender equality to women's eating disorders in health education.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Purpose : This study was aimed at investgating the effect of McKenzie exercise on temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) and body balance. Methods : Thirty subjects with TMJD were selected. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups (15 in each group) : namely the conservative treatment group and McKenzie exercise group. The conservative treatment group were treated physical therapy for 6 weeks (3 times a week). The McKenzie exercise group performed McKenzie exercise for 6 weeks (3 times a week). We measured mouth opening, pain, muscle activation and body balance before and after exercise by using the maximum mouth opening MMO), visual analog scale (VAS), electromyography and Biodex Balance System, respectively. Results : We found statistically significant differences in pain and mouth opening in the conservative treatment group and McKenzie exercise group before and after (p<.05). Conclusion : We confirmed the effect of McKenzie exercise on TMJD. Thus we thought these results could be used as basic data and reference for TMJD. But we need more study effect of McKenzie exercise on TMJD and body balance.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2006

Objective : This single-subject study explored the effect of short-term intensive sensory integration therapy program which was provided in a 2006 sensory integration treatment course on adaptive response of a four-year-girl with sensory modulation disorder(mixed pattern). Method : Based on results of the assessment to the child, her therapist offers an organized sensory integration program during four days. Results : Improvement of child's movement quality and variety in physical environment in therapy rooms and interaction with her therapist were observed. Conclusions : This report of the case will be helpful for occupational therapists who plan to intervent with a short-term intensive sensory integration therapy program. In addition, the need for consideration of consultation with the child's parents is discussed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.795-802
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• 2012

Geminate electron-hole recombination in organic solids in the presence of a donor-acceptor heterojunction is studied by computer simulations. We analyze how the charge-pair separation probability in such systems is affected by energetic disorder of the media, anisotropy of charge-carrier mobilities, and other factors. We show that in energetically disordered systems the effect of heterojunction on the charge-pair separation probability is stronger than that in idealized systems without disorder. We also show that a mismatch between electron and hole mobilities reduces the separation probability, although in energetically disordered systems this effect is weaker compared to the case of no energetic disorder. We demonstrate that the most important factor that determines the charge-pair separation probability is the ratio of the sum of electron and hole mobilities to the rate constant of recombination reaction. We also consider systems with mobility anisotropy and calculate the electric field dependence of the charge-pair separation probability for all possible orientations of high-mobility axes in the donor and acceptor phases. We theoretically show that it is possible to increase the charge-pair separation probability by controlling the mobility anisotropy in heterojunction systems and in consequence to achieve higher efficiencies of organic photovoltaic devices.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2017

Objectives This study investigated associations between symptom severity and neurocognitive functions in patients with major depressive disorder using comprehensive neuropsychological tests. Methods Ten patients with low depression (LD) and 22 patients with high depression (HD) participated. Symptom severity was determined by both the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Additionally, anxiety was measured by the Korean version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-KYZ). Ten subtests of the Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (K-WAIS), Stroop test, the word/design fluency tests were administered to assess cognition. Results The LD and HD groups did not differ in any of cognitive measures but anxiety level. Namely, the HD group obtained significantly higher scores on the state (U = 29.50, p < 0.01) and trait (U = 28.50, p < 0.001) anxiety scales than the LD group. A significant interaction effect between trait anxiety and depression severity was observed on the picture arrangement subtest of the K-WAIS [F (1, 27) = 5.09, p < 0.05]. Conclusions Cognitive deficits observed in patients with major depressive disorder may be related to other factors rather than current symptom severity. Trait anxiety possibly moderates the effect of current symptom severity on social judgment in these patients.