• Title/Summary/Keyword: Disinhibition

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Correlation between Behavioral Psychological Symptoms and Caregiver Burden in Alzheimer's Disease (알츠하이머병에서 행동심리증상과 간병인의 부양부담 사이의 상관관계)

  • Kim, Yo Sup;Lee, Kang Joon;Kim, Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.200-207
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    • 2016
  • Objectives : Alzheimer's disease(AD) is characterized by progressive decline of cognitive function and also by various behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia(BPSD) which causes distress to their caregivers. The purpose of this study was to investigate association between each AD patients' behavioral psychological symptoms and their caregivers' burden. Methods : Participants were 80 AD patients and their caregivers. We used Korean neuropsychiatric inventory (K-NPI) to assess the symptoms of patients and Korean version of Zarit Burden Interview(ZBI) to evaluate caregivers' burden. Results : The results showed ZBI score, which is the index for caregivers' burden, had a statistically significant positive correlation with the frequency of delusion, hallucination, agitation/aggression, depression, anxiety, disinhibition and irritability, the severity of hallucination, agitation/aggression, anxiety, disinhibition, aberrant motor, and sleep, and the global score(frequency${\times}$severity) for delusion, hallucination, agitation/aggression, depression, anxiety, disinhibition, aberrant motor, and sleep. There were significant correlations between each scale for cognitive function(i.e. MMSE-KC, CDR, GDS) and ZBI scale. Correlations between each scale for activity of daily living(i.e. Barthel -ADL, K-ADL) and ZBI scale were also significant. Conclusions : There were a significant correlation between BPSD and caregiver burden. Caregiver burden was also correlated with cognitive function and activity of daily living. Early detection and preventive treatment of these symptoms in BPSD might make improvement of caregivers' quality of life as well as AD patients'.

Effects of Agmatine on GABAA Receptor Antagonist-induced Tactile Allodynia (Agmatine이 GABAA 수용체 길항제로 유도한 촉각이질통에 미치는 효과)

  • Lee, Youn Woo;Ishikawa, Toshizo
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.173-178
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    • 2008
  • Background: The intrathecal (IT) $GABA_A$ receptor antagonist, bicuculline (BIC), results in tactile allodynia (TA) through disinhibition in the spinal cord. Such disinhibition is considered to be an important mechanism for neuropathic pain. Agmatine, an endogenous polyamine, has a neuro-protective effect in the central nervous system. We investigated the analgesic effects and mechanisms of agmatine action on BIC-induced TA. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighting 250-300 g, were subjected to implantations of PE-10 into the lumbar subarachnoid space for IT drug injection. Five days after surgery, either $10{\mu}l$ of normal saline (NS) or agmatine ($30{\mu}g$ or $10{\mu}g$) in $10{\mu}l$ NS were injected 10 min prior to BIC ($10{\mu}g$) or NMDA ($5{\mu}g$). We assessed the degree of TA (graded 0: no response, 1: mild response, 2: moderate response, 3: strong response) every 5 min for 30 min. Areas under curves and degree of TA were expressed as mean ${\pm}$ SEM. Results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey test for multiple comparisons. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: IT BIC-induced strong TA reached its peak and plateaued between 10 to 15 min. IT NS-NMDA induced mild transient TA for up to 15 min. Preemptive IT AG attenuated IT BIC-induced TA dose dependently and preemptive IT AG10 completely abolished the IT NMDA-induced TA. Conclusions: Preemptive IT AG attenuated the IT BIC-induced TA through inhibitory actions on postsynaptic NMDA receptor activation. AG might be a viable therapeutic option in the treatment of neuropathic pain.

The Characteristics of Infants' Temperament, Maternal Feeding Behavior and Feeding Practices in Picky Eaters (까다롭게 먹는 아기의 기질, 어머니의 식행동과 식사 지도 방법의 특성)

  • Kim Yoon-Jung;Chung Sang-Jin;Han Young Shin;Lee Yoonna;Lee Sang Il;Byun Ki-Won;Choi Haymie
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.462-470
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of infants' temperaments, maternal feeding behaviors and feeding practices in picky eaters. Participants were 83 infants (aged 12 - 24 months) from 'A' hospital (Seoul) and 'B' public health center (Kyunggido). Mothers completed questionnaires that assessed their own feeding behavior, feeding practices, infants' temperament and infants' feeding behavior. Picky eaters' demographics were not significantly different from non-picky eaters after adjusting sex and age. The average of thiamin, niacin and vitamin E intakes of picky eaters were below $75\%$ Korean RDA, whereas vitamin A intakes exceed $120\%$ RDA in both groups. Activity level of infants' temperament and disinhibition of maternal feeding behavior in picky eaters were significantly higher than those in non-picky eater. All constructs of infants feeding behavior were significantly associated with certain constructs of infants' temperament, maternal feeding practice and maternal feeding behavior. The pickiness of infants feeding behavior was positively correlated with activity level of infants' temperament, pickiness and disinhibition of maternal feeding behavior and negatively correlated with adaptability of infants' temperament. Findings suggest that maternal feeding behavior and feeding practices as well as infants' temperament should be addressed in nutrition education for picky eaters.

The effect of 'Oriental medical cognitive therapy(Yangsung program) for obesity' on self esteem, self control and weight of women (양성(養性)치료가 여성들의 체중감소와 자존감, 자기통제에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Seung;song, Won-Young;Lee, Young-Jin;Choi, Hyung-Suk
    • Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.161-183
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    • 2004
  • Context : Oriental medicine deals with mind cardinally and effectiveness of CBT on weight control is well-known. but there is no well-structured psychotherapy for weight control like CBT in Oriental medicine so far. Therefore It is necessary to develop new cognitive program based on the theory of Oriental medical. Objective: This study examined whether Yangsung program based on new cognitive weight regulation model is effective on weight loss, self esteem and self control. Design and setting: 44 women were assigned randomly to 2 groups; experimental group(n=24) and control group(n=10). experimental group had 11 sessions consisted of cognitive therapy, meditation, general diet and exercise education. Control group had personal interview with general diet and exercise education and ear acupuncture once a week for two months. All subjects were weighed and evaluated with Rosenberg self esteem scale, and three factor eating questionnaires at the beginning of the program and at the end of the program. Result: Experimental group reported significant changes of weight, self esteem, restraint eating, disinhibition and hunger(p<0.01). Compared with control group, more significant(p<0.05) Weight reduction and self-esteem enhancement were reported in experimental group than control group. There is no significant difference between two groups in changes of restraint eating, disinhibition and hunger.

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The Effect of Sensation Seeking and Media Engagement on Satisfaction with Personal Media Use (감각추구성향과 미디어 인게이지먼트가 1인 미디어 이용 만족도에 미치는 영향)

  • Beak, Seung-Yong;Yoon, Chil-Sang;Sung, Youl-Hong
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.12 no.8
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    • pp.157-169
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the satisfaction of personal media use based on individual psychological characteristics, that is, sensory propensity and media engagement effect. The results of verifying the research hypothesis are as follows. First, it was found that the 'Thrill and Adventure Seeking' factor and the 'Experience Seeking' factor had a significant influence on the use satisfaction of personal media with the characteristics of sensory orientation. It was found that the 'Disinhibition' factor had a positive effect on media engagement, and that media engagement had a positively significant effect on the satisfaction of personal media use. Finally, looking at the effect of the characteristics of sensation seeking on the satisfaction of personal media use through media engagement, the 'Thrill and Adventure Seeking' factor, the 'Experience Seeking' factor, and the 'Disinhibition' It was found to have a significant effect. It is expected that this study will be a useful basic material for establishing the direction and marketing strategy for personal media production.

Media Habits of Sensation Seekers (감지추구자적매체습관(感知追求者的媒体习惯))

  • Blakeney, Alisha;Findley, Casey;Self, Donald R.;Ingram, Rhea;Garrett, Tony
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.179-187
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    • 2010
  • Understanding consumers' preferences and use of media types is imperative for marketing and advertising managers, especially in today's fragmented market. A clear understanding assists managers in making more effective selections of appropriate media outlets, yet individuals' choices of type and use of media are based on a variety of characteristics. This paper examines one personality trait, sensation seeking, which has not appeared in the literature examining "new" media preferences and use. Sensation seeking is a personality trait defined as "the need for varied, novel, and complex sensations and experiences and the willingness to take physical and social risks for the sake of such experiences" (Zuckerman 1979). Six hypotheses were developed from a review of the literature. Particular attention was given to the Uses and Gratification theory (Katz 1959), which explains various reasons why people choose media types and their motivations for using the different types of media. Current theory suggests that High Sensation Seekers (HSS), due to their needs for novelty, arousal and unconventional content and imagery, would exhibit higher frequency of use of new media. Specifically, we hypothesize that HSS will use the internet more than broadcast (H1a) or print media (H1b) and more than low (LSS) (H2a) or medium sensation seekers (MSS) (H2b). In addition, HSS have been found to be more social and have higher numbers of friends therefore are expected to use social networking websites such as Facebook/MySpace (H3) and chat rooms (H4) more than LSS (a) and MSS (b). Sensation seekers can manifest into a range of behaviors including disinhibition,. It is expected that alternative social networks such as Facebook/MySpace (H5) and chat rooms (H6) will be used more often for those who have higher levels of disinhibition than low (a) or medium (b) levels. Data were collected using an online survey of participants in extreme sports. In order to reach this group, an improved version of a snowball sampling technique, chain-referral method, was used to select respondents for this study. This method was chosen as it is regarded as being effective to reach otherwise hidden population groups (Heckathorn, 1997). A final usable sample of 1108 respondents, which was mainly young (56.36% under 34), male (86.1%) and middle class (58.7% with household incomes over USD 50,000) was consistent with previous studies on sensation seeking. Sensation seeking was captured using an existing measure, the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (Hoyle et al., 2002). Media usage was captured by measuring the self reported usage of various media types. Results did not support H1a and b. HSS did not show higher levels of usage of alternative media such as the internet showing in fact lower mean levels of usage than all the other types of media. The highest media type used by HSS was print media, suggesting that there is a revolt against the mainstream. Results support H2a and b that HSS are more frequent users of the internet than LSS or MSS. Further analysis revealed that there are significant differences in the use of print media between HSS and LSS, suggesting that HSS may seek out more specialized print publications in their respective extreme sport activity. Hypothesis 3a and b showed that HSS use Facebook/MySpace more frequently than either LSS or MSS. There were no significant differences in the use of chat rooms between LSS and HSS, so as a consequence no support for H4a, although significant for MSS H4b. Respondents with varying levels of disinhibition were expected to have different levels of use of Facebook/MySpace and chat-rooms. There was support for the higher levels of use of Facebook/MySpace for those with high levels of disinhibition than low or medium levels, supporting H5a and b. Similarly there was support for H6b, Those with high levels of disinhibition use chat-rooms significantly more than those with medium levels but not for low levels (H6a). The findings are counterintuitive and give some interesting insights for managers. First, although HSS use online media more frequently than LSS or MSS, this groups use of online media is less than either print or broadcast media. The advertising executive should not place too much emphasis on online media for this important market segment. Second, social media, such as facebook/Myspace and chatrooms should be examined by managers as potential ways to reach this group. Finally, there is some implication for public policy by the higher levels of use of social media by those who are disinhibited. These individuals are more inclined to engage in more socially risky behavior which may have some dire implications, e.g. by internet predators or future employers. There is a limitation in the study in that only those who engage in extreme sports are included. This is by nature a HSS activity. A broader population is therefore needed to test if these results hold.

Paradoxical Reactions following Intravenous Midazolam in Patients with Severe Anxiety for Dental Treatment -A Case Report- (치과 치료에 대한 심한 공포가 있는 환자들에서 미다졸람 정주 후 나타난 기이반응 -증례보고-)

  • O, Se-Ri
    • Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.30-35
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    • 2009
  • Intravenous midazolam has been frequently used for the relief of anxiety in dental treatment. This is likely the result of the sedative and anterograde amnestic properties of midazolam that are mediated through $\gamma$-Aminobutyric acid agonism. Unfortunately, Paradoxical reactions to midazolam include agitation, talkativeness, confusion, disinhibition, aggression,violent behavior, act of self-injury and need for restraints. These occur in less than 1% of all patients receiving midazolam, may occur at variable times after administration and are difficult to predict and diagnose. Two women with severe anxiety for dental treatment experienced paradoxical reactions associated with the use of intravenous midazolam. We are reviewed the management and prevention of paradoxical reactions and its different etiology.

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The use of Amantadine in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients (외상성 뇌손상환자에서 Amantadine의 사용)

  • Jung, Han Yong;Kim, Yang Rae
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.55-63
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    • 2000
  • Avariety of symptoms can occur following traumatic brain injury(TBI) or other types of acquired brain injury. These symptoms can include problems with short-term memory, attention, planning, problem solving, impulsivity, disinhibition, poor motivation, and other behavioral and cognitive deficit. These symptoms may respond to certain drugs, such as dopaminergic agents. Amantadine may protect patients from secondary neuronal damage after brain injury as a effect of NMDA receptor antagonists and may improve functioning of brain-injured patients as a dopaminergic agonist. Clinically, based on current evidence, amantadine may provide a potentially effective, safe, and inexpensive option for treating the cognitive, mood, and behavioral disorders of individuals with brain injury. The rationales for using amantadine are discussed, and pertinent literatures are reviewed.

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Muscarine $M_2$ Receptor-mediated Presynaptic Inhibition of GABAergic Transmission in Rat Meynert Neurons

  • Jang, Il-Sung;Akaike, Norio
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.63-70
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    • 2002
  • Cholinergic modulation of GABAergic spontaneous miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) by the activation of muscarine receptors was investigated in mechanically dissociated rat nucleus basalis of the Meynert neurons using the conventional whole-cell patch recording configuration. Muscarine $(10{\mu}M)$ reversibly and concentration-dependently decreased mIPSC frequency without affecting the current amplitude distribution. Muscarine action on GABAergic mIPSCs was completely blocked by $1{\mu}M$ methoctramine, a selective $M_2$ receptor antagonist, but not by $1{\mu}M$ pirenzepine, a selective $M_1$ receptor antagonist. NEM $(10{\mu}M),$ a G-protein uncoupler, attenuated the inhibitory action of muscarine on GABAergic mIPSC frequency. Muscarine still could decrease GABAergic mIPSC frequency even in the $Ca^{2+}-free$ external solution. However, the inhibitory action of muscarine on GABAergic mIPSCs was completely occluded in the presence of forskolin. The results suggest that muscarine acts presynaptically and reduces the probability of spontaneous GABA release, and that such muscarine-induced inhibitory action seems to be mediated by G-protein-coupled $M_2$ receptors, via the reduction of cAMP production. Accordingly, $M_2$ receptor-mediated disinhibition of nBM neurons might play one of important roles in the regulation of cholinergic outputs from nBM neurons as well as the excitability of nBM neurons themselves.

A Comparative Study on Gender Differences in BMI, Body Weight Perception, Body Weight Satisfaction and Eating Behavior in Middle School Students (중학생의 체격지수, 체형인지, 체형만족 및 섭식행동에 관한 남ㆍ녀간의 비교연구)

  • 허혜경;박소미;김기연;송희영;전은표
    • Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.53-66
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    • 2004
  • Purpose: To compare differences in BMI, body weight perception and satisfaction, and eating behavior by gender among middle school students. Methods: From 19 middle schools in W city four classes in two middle schools were selected by cluster sampling with multi-stage sampling. A structured questionnaire was answered by 143 adolescents. Results: Differences in BMI between boys and girls were significant (x$^2$=13.15, p=.00l). Boys reported higher ideal body weight than girls (t=6.33, p<.000l), and discrepancy between ideal body weight and body weight perception in girls was significantly greater than in boys(t=-5.0l, p<.0001). There was no significant gender difference in body weight perception but more boys were satisfied with their body weight(t=-4.48, p<.0001). Comparison of eating behavior showed that girls reported high scores in disinhibition (t=-2.29, p<.05) and hunger (t=-2.81, p<.01), while boys reported higher scores in cognitive restraints (t=3.22, p<.01). Conclusion: Interventions to help girls improve body image and satisfaction with body image are crucial. In order to establish proper diet habits and balanced nutritional status for adolescents, educational interventions should address characteristics of eating behaviors.