• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-43
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of AI on AD induced by DNCB in mice. AI has antiallergic property that is useful in treating allergy-related-diseases, such as asthma, anaphylactic shock, acute bronchitis and skin diseases, skin pruritus from gastrointestinal diseases. However, AI has not been studied intensively yet regarding anti-inflammatory effect on AD. Therefore, this study was conducted on 2,4-dinitrochlorobezene (DNCB)-induced mice to investigate effects of AI in AD. Methods In the experiment, we divided mice into four groups: a normal group (NOR), a control group (CON), an AI spread group (AI spread), and an AI spread and feeding group (AI spread & feeding). Then examined the changes in the body weight, weights of spleen and ear, thickness of dorsum skin and ear skin, clinical aspects on dorsum skin, historical assessments, proliferation of splenocytes in vitro and in vivo, and cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-10). Results From the experiment, the ear weight of AI spread & feeding group was significantly dropped and the ear thickness of both AI spread and AI spread & feeding were decreased significantly. Dorsum skin thickness was also decreased significantly in both AI spread and AI spread & feeding group. Also, AI treatment improved the symptoms of AD, such as coloration, erythema and desquamation and had a better effect on AI spread & feeding group. In histopathological observation, thickened epidermis, hyperkeratosis, pigmentation, hypergranulosis, parakeratosis were diminished as well in both AI spread and AI spread & feeding group. In vitro, we could observe when AI was increased as proliferation rate of splenocytes were increased, too. Conclusions In conclusion, these data suggest that AI can decrease symptoms of AD and show AI can be useful herbal therapy for AD.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 2003

Silkworm body and rearing seat disinfection is an integral part of effective silkworm rearing as it prevents the spread of various diseases through secondary contamination in the rearing bed. Many bed disinfectants are recommended by various research institutes in India. In the present study, eight bed disinfectants viz., Vijetha, Labex, Resham Jyothi, Sanjeevini, Suraksha, Reshamkeet Oushadh, Dithane M45 and Captan recommended by various Sericultural Research Institutions in the country against the spread of common diseases of silkworm were tested to determine their comparative efficacy. For the study, all the treatment batches were introduced with fixed number of specific diseased larvae so as to maintain a constant source of pathogen in the bed and then followed by treatment with respective bed disinfectants. Percent mortality/infection due to each disease was recorded to determine efficacy of bed disinfectant treatment against respective disease. The results show that all the bed disinfectants tested have considerable efficacy against the spread of various diseases in the rearing bed. However, Vijetha was distinctly superior in its efficacy against all four major diseases of silkworm. The study emphasize the role of bed disinfectants in silkworm rearing and the fact that they should be judiciously selected based on the efficacy of the bed disinfectant and the type of disease prevalent in a particular season and area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.80-91
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to contribute to strengthening the response of local governments to the emergence of new infectious diseases by identifying the urban characteristics affecting their spread. To this end, the urban characteristics influencing the spread of infectious diseases were identified from previous studies. Moreover, the variations in the impact of urban characteristics that affected the number of confirmed COVID-19 patients was spatially analyzed using geographically weighted regression (GWR). The analysis indicated that the explanatory power of the GWR was approximately 12.4% higher than that of the ordinary least squares method. Moreover, the explanatory power of the model in the northern regions, such as Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon, was particularly high, indicating that the urban characteristics affecting the spread of COVID-19 vary by region. The results of this study can be used as a basis for suggesting the formulation of customized policies reflecting the characteristics of each local government rather than a uniform spread reduction policy.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 1965

In Korea the most important plant industry is the rice-growing but she has not yet attained self-sufficiency with regard to rice which is the basic food of Korean. In the past, various measures of increasing rice production have been tried with some success but the increasing rate of did not show the sufficient result. Judging from experiences, disease control may be the most important factor which has influence on increasing of rice production in Korea. During the past 60 years three periods divided by the transition of rice diseases were noted, and especially the recent transition attracted much attention . That is, sheath blight and stripe which were minor diseases in the past have promptly spread all over the country and caused heavy losses to rice plant, and also local outbreak of bacterial leaf blight and dwarf were noticed. Various environmental factors are related to such transition of rice disease. Above all, cultivated varieties susceptible to these diseases, increase of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, earlier transplanting and density of transplanting are considered to be lucre closely related to the development of these diseases and successive development of blast. On the other hand. application of forage fungicides such as organic mercury compounds specific to blast contributed to reduce prevalent area if blast in spite of wide spread of susceptible varieties and increase of application of nitrogenous fertilizer. These facts were confirmed by Korean investigators At the present which various diseases to control coexist in the same region, no one variety resistant to all of these diseases is provided and cultural practices for the control of these diseases often do not produce sufficient yield of rice. it is emphasized that a role of pesticides is very great.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.167-171
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• 2022

In the era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, countries worldwide have implemented several nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to contain its spread before vaccines and treatments were developed. NPIs included social distancing, mask wearing, intensive contact tracing and isolation, and sanitization. In addition to their effectiveness at preventing the rapid spread of COVID-19, NPIs have caused secondary changes in the epidemiology of other infectious diseases. In Korea, various NPI stages have been implemented since the first confirmed case of COVID-19 on January 20, 2020. This review, based on a PubMed database search, shows the impact of NPIs on several infectious diseases other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the COVID-19 pandemic era in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

Recently, the livestock industry in Korea was heavily affected by the outbreak of official livestock diseases such as foot and mouse disease, high pathogenic avian influenza, swine influenza, and so on. It has been established that these diseases are being spread through direct contact, droplet and airborne transmission. Among these transmissions, airborne transmission is very complex in conducting field investigation due to the invisibility of the pathogens and unstable weather conditions. In this study, the airborne transmission was thoroughly investigated inside a pig house by conducting tracer gas ($CO_2$) experiment because experiment with real pathogen is limited and dangerous. This is possible as it can be assumed that the flow is similar pattern very fine particles and gas. In the experiment, the ventilation structure as well as the location of gas emission were varied. The $CO_2$ detection sensors were installed at 0.5 and 1.3 m height from the floor surface. The tracer gas level was measured every second. Results revealed that the direction of spread can be determined by the response time. Response time refers to the time to reach 150 ppm from the gas emission source at each measuring points. The location of the main flow as well as the gas emission was also found to be very important factor causing the spread.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2023

Recently, viral infectious diseases and new diseases are not limited to one region, but are spreading worldwide, causing serious economic and social damage. In addition, the development cycle of new diseases is shortening, and the rate of spread is accelerating. In order to prevent the spread of disease, passive forms of response after a disease outbreak, such as personal and regional quarantine and border closure, are prioritized. This type of response has many shortcomings as a fundamental response to preventing the spread of disease. Therefore, this study proposes a disease prevention monitoring system including new disease occurrence information. In this study, disease information and user information are collected through the establishment of the IoMT environment. Information collection using an agent collects and classifies data registered in the disease information server. In the IoMT environment, user data is collected, and whether the user is infected with a disease is evaluated and provided to the user. Through this study, individual disease symptom information can be provided and active countermeasures against the spread of disease can be provided.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.477-489
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• 2021

COVID-19 has spread seriously around the world in 2020 and it is still significantly affecting our whole daily life. Currently, the whole world is still undergoing the pandemic and South Korea is no exception to it. During the pandemic, South Korea had several events that prevented or accelerated its spread. To establish the prevention policies for infectious diseases, it is very important to evaluate the intervention effect of such events. The susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model is often used to describe the dynamic behavior of the spread of infectious diseases through ordinary differential equations. However, the SIR model is a deterministic model without considering the uncertainty of observed data. To consider the uncertainty in the SIR model, the Bayesian approach can be employed, and this approach allows us to evaluate the intervention effects by time-varying functions of the infection rate in the SIR model. In this study, we describe the time trend of the spread of COVID-19 in South Korea and investigate the intervention effects for the events using the stochastic SIR model based on the Bayesian approach.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.27-38
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• 2022

Purpose: This study tried to present basic data for establishment of facility guidelines and facility certification standards for the comprehensive prevention of infectious diseases in buildings. Methods: This study examines the concept of architectural countermeasures for the prevention of infectious diseases through literature reviews, and then classifies and organizes the countermeasures by viewing the infectious diseases hospitals as the top-level facility in terms of responding to infectious diseases. Results: At first, this study categorized and organized infection prevention countermeasures of infectious disease hospitals, which are the highest level facilities in terms of response to infectious diseases. And by presenting the concept of step-by-step setting of countermeasures for general buildings such as welfare facilities and multi-use facilities, which are lower-level facilities in the aspect of prevention of infectious diseases, this study tried to present basic data for establishing facility guidelines and facility certification standards for comprehensive prevention of infectious diseases in buildings. Implications: In the future, it is expected that spatial changes for the prevention of infectious diseases will spread to general constructions such as public buildings, private buildings, and multi-use facilities, and comprehensive infection prevention facility guidelines are needed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.194-203
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• 2021

After the outbreak of COVID-19, local infections were spread by foreign sailors of foreign ships entering the ports. However, the government had difficulties in designating temporary living facilities around port areas due to the opposition from local residents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to plan a floating temporary living facility for foreign sailors in the port area to prevent the spread of COVID-19 by foreign sailors. In this study, location selection, a facility volumetric plan, a unit facility plan, and a unit facility block plan are presented as results of facility planning. Floating temporary living facilities are expected to be used to prevent the spread of first-class infectious diseases in port areas in the future.