• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.363-376
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• 2023

Alternaria black spots or blights in cruciferous crops have been devastating diseases worldwide and led to economic losses in broccoli, Chinese cabbage, kale, radish, rapeseed, etc. These diseases are caused by different Alternaria spp., including A. brassicae, A. brassicicola and A. raphani transmitted from infected seeds or insect vectors. Efforts to excavate disease resistance traits of cruciferous crops against Alternaria black spots or blights have been demonstrated. Genetic resource of disease resistance was investigated in the wild relatives of cruciferous crops, and different cultivars were screened under different inoculation conditions. Development of the disease-resistant lines against Alternaria black spots or blights was also tried via genetic transformation of the cruciferous crops using diverse plant defence-associated genes. Plant immunity activated by pre-treatment with chemicals, i. e. β-amino-n-butyric acid and melatonin, was suggested for reducing Alternaria black spots or blights in cruciferous crops. The disease resistance traits have also been evaluated in model plant Arabidopsis originating from different habitats. Various plant immunity-related mutants showing different disease responses from wild-type Arabidopsis provided valuable information for managing Alternaria black spots or blights in cruciferous crops. In particular, redox regulation and antioxidant responses altered in the Alternaria-infected mutants were discussed in this review.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.781-800
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• 2002

Recently, biological weapons (BWs) prepared with pathogenic microorganisms, toxins and biological vectors have been used maliciously for biological warfare, bioterrorism and/or agroterrorism by hostile countries and terrorists. In this review, historical background of disease and malicious use of BWs pathogenicity of microorganisms, advanced methodology involved in laboratory diagnosis, and prevention and control of anthrax (Bacillus anthracis), plague (Yersinia pseudotuberculosis subs. pestis), glanders (Burkholderia mallei), and smallpox (Variola virus) which have been abused for biological warfare or bioterrorism were discussed. In addition, the pathogenicity of microorganisms and the methodology needed to diagnose and control 6 diseases identified by WHO/CDC, ie., smallpox, inhalation anthrax, pneumonic plague, botulism, tularemia, and hemorrhagic fevers that would wreak havoc if terrorists successfully disseminated the germs by air were described.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.289-303
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• 1992

Investigation of the environmental impact of widespread pesticide use has revealed a virtue/vice relationship. Although many pesticides perform their function and disappear without harm to the environment, others persist beyond their useful purpose and cause direct of indirect hazard to man, domestic animals and wildlife. Concurrently, many pests have rapidly adjusted to chemical control practices through changes in behavior that avoid exposure to pesticides of throuth genetic selection for populations resistant to the toxicants. The prospect of losing control over insect herbivores and desease vectors and returning to the days of global hunger and disease is unthinkable. Fortunately, from basic studies of insect and plant biology many opportunities for the development of safe, selective and environmentally pacific strategies for insect pest management are being realized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.386-389
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• 2002

It may be necessary to apply a daily fever to operate the municipal solid waste landfill. The daily cover helps to control nuisance factors such as the escape of odors, dusts and airborne emissions, and can control the population of disease vectors. Also it may be reduce the infiltration of rain, decreasing the generation of leachate and the potential for surface water and groundwater contamination. Because of its usual availability and traditional usage as the municipal solid waste landfill, soil remains as the most common daily cover material. However, soil tends to reduce the volume of dumping waste c;3pacity in the landfill, it also reduces a period of using in the landfill. Therefore, it is necessary to research about Alternative Daily Cover Materials (ADCMs) because of the limitation of landfill sites. Recently, The types of ADCMs are classified into geosynthetics, forms, spray-ons, indigenous materials. In this study, the authors have tested the spray type of Alternative Daily Cover(ADC) using by flyash, alum with cement. The development. of ADCMs will be highly effective in terms of prolongation using landfill.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.781-788
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• 2010

An often overlooked issue in the field of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated cancer gene therapy is its limited capacity for effective systemic delivery. Although primary tumors can be treated effectively with intralesional injection of conventional Ad vectors, systemic metastasis is difficult to cure. Systemic administration of conventional naked Ads leads to acute accumulation of Ad particles in the liver, induction of neutralizing antibody, short blood circulation half-life, non-specific biodistribution in undesired organs, and low selective accumulation in the target disease site. Versatile strategies involving the modification of viral surfaces with polymers and nanomaterials have been designed for the purpose of maximizing Ad anti-tumor activity and specificity by systemic administration. Integration of viral and non-viral nanomaterials will substantially advance both fields, creating new concepts in gene therapeutics. This review focuses on current advances in the development of smart Ad hybrid nanocomplexes based on various design-based strategies for optimal Ad systemic administration.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1991

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes a deadly infectious disease, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (ADIS). As a first step to develop a reliable and fast diagnostic procedure for HIV-1 infection, we cloned various immunodominant epitopes of HIV-1 in bacterial expression vectors containing tac or trp promoter. While the protein level of direct expression of gp160 was low, trp E fused gp120, gp41 and p17-p24 were produced at high levels (15-30% of total bacterial proteins) in E. coli. Since gp120 and gp41 contain relatively conserved regions which can react with antibodies in the plasma from most of HIV-1 infected individuals, these expression clones were used for large preparations of HIV-1 antigens.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.157-167
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• 2018

The concept of gene therapy is to treat a disease by transferring therapeutic nucleic acids to a patient's cells. It took several decades from the basic theoretical proposal of gene therapy to the current promising treatment option for some important human diseases. The encountered adverse effects in the early clinical studies boosted the development of sophisticated vectors and elaborate clinical designs. The gene therapy is now considered to have the potential to cure many diseases that are incurable with conventional medications. By the end of 2017, about 2,600 clinical trials of gene therapy have been performed or are ongoing for a variety of diseases such as cancers, monogenic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and neurological diseases etc. Here, we present a brief introduction of technical achievement in relation to gene therapy development, and a review of the current status of global gene therapy clinical development.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.208-237
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• 2022

A total of 69 genera and 202 species of the family Syrphidae have been previously recognized in Korea. In the present study, we report the following 10 species new to Korea: Epistrophe aeka Kimura, 1989, Epistrophe aino (Matsumura, 1917), Epistrophe annulitarsis(Stackelberg, 1918), Epistrophe griseofasciata (Matsumura, 1918), Epistrophe sasayamana (Matsumura, 1918), Epistrophe shibakawae (Matsumura, 1917), Fagisyrphus cinctus (Fallén, 1817), Melangyna olsufjevi (Violovitsh, 1956), Melangyna pavlovskyi (Violovitsh, 1956), and Paragus clausseni Mutin, 1999. Among the four genera, the genus Fagisyrphus Dušek and Láska, 1967 is recognized for the first time in Korea. As a result, 70 genera and 212 species of the family Syrphidae are now officially recognized for the Korean fauna. For each newly recognized Korean species, we provide synonymy, diagnosis, and description with color photographs. In addition, we provide new Korean names for all newly recorded species as well as the genera Epistrophe, Fagisyrphus, and Melangyna, which previously did not have Korean names.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.228-239
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• 2009

The observations on climate change show a clear increase in the temperature of the Earth's surface and the oceans, a reduction in the land snow cover, and melting of the sea ice and glaciers. The effects of climate change are likely to include more variable weather, heat waves, increased mean temperature, rains, flooding and droughts. The threat of climate change and global warming on human and animal health is now recognized as a global issue. This presentation is described an overview of the latest scientific knowledge on the impact of climate change on zoonotic diseases. Climate strongly affects agriculture and livestock production and influences animal diseases, vectors and pathogens, and their habitat. Global warming are likely to change the temporal and geographical distribution of infectious diseases, including those that are vector-borne such as West Nile fever, Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis, bluetongue, malaria and visceral leishmaniasis, and other diarrheal diseases. The distribution and prevalence of vector-borne diseases may be the most significant effect of climate change. The impact of climate change on the emergence and re-emergence of animal diseases has been confirmed by a majority of countries. Emerging zoonotic diseases are increasingly recognized as a global and regional issue with potential serious human health and economic impacts and their current upward trends are likely to continue. Coordinated international responses are therefore essential across veterinary and human health sectors, regions and countries to control and prevent emerging zoonoses. A new early warning and alert systems is developing and introducing for enhancing surveillance and response to zoonotic diseases. And international networks that include public health, research, medical and veterinary laboratories working with zoonotic pathogens should be established and strengthened. Facing this challenging future, the long-term strategies for zoonotic diseases that may be affected by climate change is need for better prevention and control measures in susceptible livestock, wildlife and vectors in Korea. In conclusion, strengthening global, regional and national early warning systems is extremely important, as are coordinated research programmes and subsequent prevention and control measures, and need for the global surveillance network essential for early detection of zoonotic diseases.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.381-386
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• 2009

A survey to determine the geographical distribution and relative abundance of potential vectors of scrub typhus was conducted from October to November 2006 at 13 localities throughout the Republic of Korea. Apodemus agrarius accounted for 97.6% (80/82) of all rodents, while only 2 Myodes regulus (2/82) were collected. A total of 10,860 chiggers were collected from A. agrarius belonging to 4 genera and 8 species, while only Walehia fragilis (40) was collected from Myodes regulus. Leptotrombidium pallidum (8,137; 74.9%), a vector of scrub typhus, was the predominant species collected from A. agrarius followed by Leptotrombidium scutellare (2,057, 18.9%), Leptotrombidium palpale (279; 2.7%), Leptotrombidium orientale (232; 2.1%), and Leptotrombidium zetum (79; 0.7%), Neotrombicula tamiyai (58; 0.5%), Euschoengastica koreaensis (16; 0.1%), and Cheladonta ikaoensis (2; < 0.1 %). L. pallidum was the predominant chigger collected at collection sites in Gangwon (100%), Gyeonggi (87.2%), Chungnam (100%), Chungbuk (100%), Jeonbuk (73.9%), Jeonnam (77.0%), and Gyeongbuk (66.1%) provinces, whereas L. scutellare was the predominant chigger collected in Gyeongnam province (77.9%) and Jeju Island (62.3%). Data suggest a correlation between chigger population abundance and human cases of scrub typhus in Korea.