• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.111-123
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• 1999

In children, flesh and muscle are tender, mental function is feeble, digestion and absorption are weak. Also food, drink and medicine which burden the stomach and bowels must be avoided. Oriental medicines are divided in object of medical treatment into three types, liquid medicine, medicinal powder and pill. In spite of this types, time and effort are spended greatly on children's eating medicine. In this paper, studying general characteristic of oriental medicinal types and effective types of oriental medicine, I can obstain such conclusions. 1. The oriental iense pillow remedy sets at easy, promotes degistion, treats disease of theesporatory organs. 2. The distillation remedy is suited to a chronic disease of children the degistion are ak in. 3. The mother remedy, because medicine is supplied through mother's body, is effective to infant. 4. The external use remedy is suited to skin disease, eye disease and nose disease, and has similar effect to taking liquid medicine. 5. The confectionery remedy is the method which children like greatly, but is the effective method to many children because of technical manufacture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2009

Background and Objectives: Benign vocal fold lesions have shown various voice onset types on phonation, however, they have not been documented yet. We studied to know the relationships between benign vocal fold lesions and voice onset types. Materials and Method: 114 subjects were evaluated by using videokymographic examinations. The subjects were classified into three types: normal, contact, and open types according to the patterns of voice onset types on phonation. Benign vocal fold lesions were investigated and voice onset types were compared between normal and disease groups. Voice parameters were obtained from and compared in all subjects to assess acoustic and aerodynamic factors. Results: The normal type among onset types were more than contact type or open type in both normal and disease groups. Disease group showed many contact and open types when. compared with normal group. Vocal nodule and vocal polyp were showed many normal and contact types, however, sulcus vocalis was almost showed open type among voice onset groups. The values of mean flow rate (MFR) of contact type were significantly higher compared to normal type in disease group (p<0.05). Shimmer of contact type was higher than normal type in diseasegroup, but the difference was not significant (p=0.057). Conclusion: Benign vocal fold lesions were related to the various types of voice onset. The various types of voice onset should be considered when benign vocal fold lesions were examined.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2021

Purpose: This study analyzed the architectural planning factors of the ward in infectious disease hospitals, such as functional unit planning, ward configurations, spatial compositions & circulation, and detailed architectural planning. Through these, the facility guidelines of infectious disease hospitals are summarized, focusing on the differences from the wards of non-infectious hospitals. Methods: This study was conducted by literature review of research reports, papers, design cases, and guidelines, based on the experiences of field surveys for infectious disease hospitals. Results: The result of this study can be summarized into a few points. 1) Infectious disease hospitals need to establish an operation plan with the concept of continuity of care, as an extension of existing facilities. 2) The types of ward configuration for infectious disease hospitals has many variables, so an appropriate type should be selected according to the hospital's operating policy. 3) Various spatial composition types of the ward can be planned by the arrangement of traffic cores and areas of patient groups. At this time, the main planning considerations are safety, efficiency, and comfort. 4) As elements of the detailed plan, It is necessary to consider the types & dimensions of patient rooms, the relationships between nursing stations & sub-stations, and supplementations of medical support functions & convenience facilities. Implications: Since there are many differences in function from the ward of non-infectious hospitals, appropriate facility guidelines for infectious disease hospital are required.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2018

Purpose - With the worldwide aging problem and the development of globalization, customers prefer to seek affordable medical services with the higher quality overseas. This new trend has urged some destination countries to improve their services for the more competitive advantages over other countries. Literature research indicate that medical quality and cost may be the key factors influencing global patients' decisions. In the international environment, however, medical tourism destinations are selected due to cultural similarity between the hosting country and the customers' own country. The more similarity perceived between the two countries leads foreign patients to choose the considering country as the destination for medical tourism. However, little research has been conducted on this topic. Thus, we empirically investigate how cultural similarity influences Chinese medical customers' choice of the destinations. We also consider the factors related to medical competency and travel attribute which might affect customers' decisions along with some moderating roles of disease types. Research design, data, and methodology - We proposed a research model in order to confirm the relations among different variables of cultural similarity, medical competency, travel attractiveness, disease types, and destination choice. The questionnaire survey is processed in the more economically developed regions of China such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Jiangsu. Conditional logit regression is applied to analyze the data of 881. Results - Results indicate that cultural similarity is the important predictor of Chinese customers' decision to select a medical country. However, the effects of cultural similarity vary according to the disease types. We also find that medical competency and travel attractiveness influence their decisions with the moderating role of disease types. Conclusions - Cultural similarity is the important factor that influences Chinese potential medical tourists' decisions to select a destination. Marketing managers should consider the effects of cultural similarity when developing strategies for attracting Chinese medical tourists. Since medical competency and travel attractiveness are still the critical key elements for them to evaluate the destination countries, it is necessary to continuously improve medical service quality and facilities. The results also recommend that medical managers should sharpen their marketing strategies by segmenting Chinese potential customers in terms of disease types.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the effect of household types on the occurrence of chronic diseases depending on gender and to identify the factors associated with chronic disease occurrence in one-person households. Methods: Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted using the data of 15,949 adults with the age of 19 years or older from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2015). Results: For male, the risk of chronic disease occurrence was higher in one-person households than in multi-person households, and the same held true after adjusting for the confounding factors. For female, no significant relationship was found between household types and chronic disease occurrence. Factors associated with chronic disease occurrence were age, employment state, marital state, smoking, perceived stress, and depression in male, and age, employment state, physical activity, and obesity in female. Conclusion: It is necessary to monitor the disparity in health depending on household types in male. Additionally, providing a gender specific chronic disease prevention and health enhancement program is required.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.10.1-10.11
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• 2021

The purpose of this retrospective study was to provide additional data on the use of toceranib in a wide variety of tumor types in small breed dogs, especially < 8 kg (except 5 dogs). This was a retrospective study of 31 dogs with malignant tumors treated with a 2.5 mg/kg median dose of toceranib (Palladia; Zoetis, USA) on a Monday-Wednesday-Friday schedule. Clinical benefit was observed in 13 of 15 dogs (86.7%, 3 with complete response, 4 with partial response, 6 with stable disease) with gross disease. Distant metastasis, response to treatment, and treatment setting were significantly associated with survival time. Negative prognostic factors were multiple chemotherapy and distant metastasis (affecting progression-free survival [PFS]), surgery, regional enlarged lymph nodes, underlying disease, and toxicity (affecting median survival time [MST]). Positive prognostic factors were epithelial and round cell tumor (affecting PFS), epithelial tumor, microscopic disease, no evidence of disease response, and stable disease (MST). In conclusion, a clinical benefit from toceranib treatment was noted in most of the dogs with gross disease in our study. This study suggested that the toceranib is probably selective treatment to various tumor types in small breed dogs.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.471-486
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• 2011

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) related characteristics found in each Sasang Constitutional type. 2. Methods This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted using data from 2,842 men and women. After typing each participant into one of the four Sasang constitutional types, they were analyzed on various cardiovascular disease-related variables. 3. Results 1) The predictors of cardiovascular disease (metabolic syndrome, high risk FRS group, high risk hsCRP group) was found to show the highest prevalence in the Taeeum type. 2) In the group with metabolic syndrome, the mean hsCRP concentration in the Taeeum and Soyang types were higher than in the Soeum type. In the group without metabolic syndrome, the mean hsCRP concentration in the Taeeum type were higher than in the Soyang and Soeum types. 3) In the FRS low risk group, the mean hsCRP concentration were higher in order of Taeeum type > Soyang type > Soeum type. In the FRS high risk group, the mean hsCRP concentrations were not significantly different among the Sasang constitutional types. 4. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the Taeeum constitutional type is a risk factor for high hsCRP and cardiovascular disease. These findings suggest that the prevention of cardiovascular disease is more important in the Taeeum type compared to other constitutional types. Moreover, preventive measures are warranted even in the Taeeum-type persons with low clinical cardiovascular risk.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.680-687
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• 2004

A study on the correlation between four GCM types and Dam and Bangkwang types of Hyungsang medicine comes to the following conclusions : GCM I type is closely related to Bangkwang type in Hyungsang medicine. GCM II type corresponds to Dam type. In terms of obesity and emaciation, GCM I type is related to obesity and GCM II type to emaciation. In terms of Right and Left, GCM I type is more active in Left, GCM II type in Right. In terms of movement, GCM I and II types are kinetic and GCM III and IV types are static. In terms of Front and Back, the disease of GCM I type usually appears on Back but the treatment starts on Front. In GCM II type, disease mainly occurs on Front but the treatment starts on Back. GCM I type is susceptible to an alimentary disease and constitutionally predisposed to damp-phlegm in Hyungsang medicine. GCM II type is easily affected by a circulatory illness and very vulnerable to heat with blood deficiency and depression and stagnation of Ki.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1814-1818
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• 2006

Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolates (n=242), collected in Korea between 1991 and 2002, were classified by NotI-digested pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The major types were Al before 1998 and B after 1999, among both domestic and imported cases. The prevalent PFGE types among domestic cases were consistent with the prevalent types among imported cases in the same year. These results suggest a close relationship between the domestic and imported cases of cholera in Korea.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.248-258
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to investigate factors influencing the Framingham risk score-Coronary heart disease (FRS-CHD) according to gender and body mass index (BMI) of adults who participated in the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-3). Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with secondary analysis with KNHANES V-3. The FRS-CHD scores were measured with ages, sex, blood pressure, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, smoking, and diabetes mellitus. With demographic characteristics, family history of ischemic heart disease, types (intensity) and days of physical activities, perceived stress, drinking, menopause (in female), and BMI scores were measured. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regressions. Results: FRS-CHD was significantly associated with types (intensity) and days of physical activities, educational level, occupation, and marital status, explaining 19.1~76.8% of the variance in men. FRS-CHD was significantly associated with types (intensity) and days of physical activities, menopause, and education level, explaining 55.0~59.5% of the variance in women. Conclusion: Factors influencing FRS-CHD were significantly different according to gender and BMI. To reduce the risk of coronary artery disease, it is necessary to develop gender-specific physical activity programs according to BMI.