• Journal of Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.44-55
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• 2009

The research is aimed at investigating the development and application of high school biology classes utilizing discourse-typed inquiry learning program fitted with POE, and the corresponding effect on student's academic achievement and attitude toward science. 4 classes of 11th graders in a general high school located in Busan were selected as subjects. Biology I, 'Circulation' unit was lectured for 4 weeks (6 classes), and the experimental group underwent classes utilizing discourse-typed inquiry learning program fitted with POE. The control group was taught identical major learning contents, but based on the learning objectives and research activities provided by Biology I textbook. As a result of application, first, the discourse-typed inquiry learning program fitted with POE exhibited positive consequences of linking previously acquired knowledge and the new learning attained through experiments, as well as not only improving the students' problem solving capacity through diverging questions from the teachers to drive the students' higher-level contemplation, but also enhancing student academic achievement by assisting their logical thinking. Second, POE-fitted discourse-typed inquiry learning program rendered presupposing session of the experiment that resulted in drawing learners' attention in advance, and incited active participation in the learning process through solving the contradiction between what was actually observed and what was expected, which eventually proved to lay out positive impact on students' attitude toward science.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.1
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• pp.109-144
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• 2003

Orientalness is a concept that expresses the collective identity of the Orient in relation to the West. The concept itself is mutable and defined by the relationship between the two regions at different points in time. Changes in the concept depend on a number of factors, such as cultural influence, the political balance of power between the two regions, and on the interpretative scheme that defines the relationship. In addition, the geographical notion of the concept evolves culturally, socially and politically. During this process, Oriental-ness becomes Oriental-ism at times. I will attempt to survey and measure the progression of Orientalness from its emergence in early 17th century to its subsequent transformation in modern Korea as reflected in art theory and art works. The recognition of the comparative characteristics of Oriental art began when the Orient was exposed to the art of the West in the late Ming dynasty during the early 17th century. The changes in the artistic climate in China affected the late Chosun. I will start with a brief introduction of this time and the birth of Orientalness. The concept gradually changed during the period of Enlightenment(開化期) towards the end of the 19th century, and during the colonial period( 1910-1945) it took on a new form. Establishment of the concept of "Orient"as a single, unifying concept spanning across cultures and national boundaries has been attributed to late Meiji period Japan, whose intention at that time is believed to have been to build a pan-Asia(亞細亞) empire with Japan at its commanding center. It has been stressed that the real motive behind the formation of one single cultural unit, where the shared common written language was Chinese and Confucianism and Taoism were the common metaphysical traditions, was to build one political unit. When the notion of a geographical unit of Asia was replaced by the concept of Asia as a cultural and political unit, a massive growth of interest and discourse were provoked around the concept of Orientalism. When Orientalism was being formulated, Korea automatically became member of "one Asia" when the country became colonized. For Koreans, the identity of the Orient had to be defined in cultural terms, as the political notion of a nation was non-existent at that time. The definition of identity was pursued at two levels, pan-Asian and local. If Orientalism was an elite discourse centered in pan-Asian philosophical and religious tradition, localized Orientalism was a popular discourse emphasizing locality as the byproduct of natural geographic condition. After the liberation in 1945 from colonial rule, a thrust of movement arose towards political nationalism. Two types of discourses on Orientalism, elite and popular, continued as central themes in art. Despite the effort to redefine the national identity by eradicating the cultural language of the colonial past, the past was enduring well into the present time. As discussed above, even when the painting themes were selected from Korean history, the tradition of using history painting as a manifestation of political policy to glorify the local identity had its founding during the Meiji period. The elevation of folk art to the level of high art also goes back to the colonial promotion of local color and local sentiment. Again, the succession of the past (colonial) ideal was defended as the tradition assumed a distinct modern shape that was abstract in style. The concept of the "Orient" is of relative and changing nature. It was formulated in relation to Western culture or civilization. Whatever the real motive of the adoption of them had been, the superiority of the Orient was emphasized at all times. The essence of the Orient was always perceived as the metaphysical tradition as a way to downgrade Western culture as materialistic. This view still prevails and the principle of Orient was always sought in Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Even when Orientalism was employed by imperialist Japan in an effort to establish her position as the center of the Orient, the spiritual source was still in Chinese philosophy and religion. In art also, the Chinese literati tradition became the major platform for elite discourse. Orientalism was also defined locally, and the so-called local color was pursued in terms of theme and style. Thus trend continued despite the effort to eradicate the remnants of colonial culture long after liberation. These efforts are now being supported politically and also institutionalized to become the aesthetic ideal of the modern Korean art.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to reveal what influences the divergent methodological researches have brought the nursing practice in during the past 3 decades. The nursing record sheets ie, the nursing discourses were analyzed to know the knowledges that were recorded, accepted and communicated in nursing practice at pediatric intensive care units, and unclosed the philosophical and methodological position of that knowledges. The texts were 13 sheets, 3 kinds of nursing record(7 24hours flow charts, 4 nursing information record sheets and 2 transfer record sheets) used at 4 hospitals. The unit of analysis was 'word'. First, all words of the sheets were listed up, clustered into categories based on their contents. And then, the larger conceptual themes were drawn to elucidate the effect of the knowledge/power and the philosophical and methodological position of that knowledges. To enhanced the validity of the analysis, the data were analyzed by two researchers. The 'words' were classified into 3 categories; 'general information', 'assessment' and 'inter-vention'. The conceptual themes of the texts were 'the gaze for quantification and objectification' and 'technical/assimilated caring'. This themes reflected the logic positivistic and biomedical view that had dominated at clinical practice. Nursing has endeavored to resist the logic-positivistic knowledge/power and to established the nursing knowledge/power based on multiple philosophies and methodologies, especially phenomenological-interpretative. But the results of this study revealed that such efforts in nursing theory and research couldn't influenced the knowledge of practice. Logic positivism was yet so strong and the biomedical model yet dominated in the clinical practice. It identified that the borrowed theory and the knowledge from the received view gave nursing the power. But they were modalities that reinforced the dominant, medical power. Nursing has investigate the other positions (feminism, Habermas' critical social theory and Foucault's discourse theory). This positions suggest different assumptions but share the common concepts; equality, emancipation and freedom. The important point is how make these concepts the practical for nursing knowledge/power in practice. We must recognize that the praxis at clinical setting take place at the field unlike theoretical praxis. The change of clinical practice is the social, economic and political change.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 1996

A 'TEXT' is a basic unit of culture. It is also the whole of culture organization which is generalizing a culture. Literary texts which are reflection of the culture could be understood as historical discourse. This thesis which is based on the 'Semiotic theory', 'Victor Turner's Performance theory', and Sung Man Lee's 'Information Model', classified the type of meaning to explain how to communicate the meaning of thing which were described in novels, for examples, background, dress, dialogue, era, etc. An interpreter (reader) should understand the culture described in novels to clarify the ambiguous significance. An interpretative theory of symbolic meaning described in text was presented in this thesis, and it was applied to analysis Myung Hee Choi's novel, 'Honbul'.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.37
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• pp.345-368
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to compare care unit cost among large institutions, small group homes and independent living homes for disabled people. For this purpose, our study adopted cost-analysis method widely being used in the field of accounting. By the analysis on per-person and per-year unit care cost comparison, care cost of large institutions is estimated 15,000 - 20,000 thousands won, small group homes 10,000 - 11,000 thousands won and independent living homes 4,025 thousands won. By this study, discourse of 'larger size means economic efficiency' which is widely supported by politicians and bureaucrats has no grounds in the practice of Korean residential care services. This study is suggesting two folds. Firstly, small and community based homes should be preferred in the future provision policy of residential care homes for disabled people. Secondly, government grants for small community based homes should be increased to the level of amount provided on large institutions.

• Architectural research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.125-134
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• 2017

Rather than the simple adaption of Western design principles to the Korean context, this paper explicates how a unique critical urban design methodology evolved in Korea in the 1960s. Even as the era was a time of major transition and development, most research has offered limited discourse on the topic, imposing a straightforward reading where Japanese colonial influence is supplanted by Western logics. Through the example of the brief but intense activities of the Housing, Urban and Regional Planning Institute (HURPI), this paper offers a more detailed understanding that focuses on the 'how' rather than the 'what' of HURPI's significance. Through first-hand interviews with HURPI director Oswald Nagler and senior member Sung Chull Hong, the research of the institute is revealed as promoting dialectical 'critical design' methodologies that resulted in a sophisticated synthesis of diverse influences from Western, Korean, and Japanese sources. Moreover, the modes of critical design methods are further analyzed in a recently discovered brochure on HURPI's defining research and pilot projects published by the Ministry of Construction.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.283-298
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• 2015

This research is the case study of collaborative mentoring in the professional development of multi-tiered mathematics teacher community. We observed the procedures of mentoring, and contents of mentoring in PD program. For this purpose, we implemented PD program with participant unit composed of 3 or 4 teachers in the same school and total 25 teachers from 4 elementary schools and 4 high schools. Also there were 1 mentor and 1 sub-mentor to support each school. Observed mentoring processes were all recorded and the participants not only were interviewed several times but also wrote reflection notes after meetings. While mentoring PD program was implemented, mentor and mentee had joint responsibility about lessons implemented by mentee. Furthermore It showed possibility of change of teacher learning culture, learning culture of community. It means that teacher would improve their professionalism more effectively within teacher community instead of individual. 4 reflection contents was founded in collaborative mentring; 1)purpose of mathematics education, 2)motivation and connection between previous lecture and present lecture 3)lack of mathematical contents in lesson 4)discourse between teacher and students.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1103-1125
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• 2017

This paper aims to extract an ObjectProperty-UsageMethod relation, in particular the HerbalMedicinalProperty-UsageMethod relation of the herb-plant object, as a semantic relation between two related sets, a herbal-medicinal-property concept set and a usage-method concept set from several web documents. This HerbalMedicinalProperty-UsageMethod relation benefits people by providing an alternative treatment/solution knowledge to health problems. The research includes three main problems: how to determine EDU (where EDU is an elementary discourse unit or a simple sentence/clause) with a medicinal-property/usage-method concept; how to determine the usage-method boundary; and how to determine the HerbalMedicinalProperty-UsageMethod relation between the two related sets. We propose using N-Word-Co on the verb phrase with the medicinal-property/usage-method concept to solve the first and second problems where the N-Word-Co size is determined by the learning of maximum entropy, support vector machine, and naïve Bayes. We also apply naïve Bayes to solve the third problem of determining the HerbalMedicinalProperty-UsageMethod relation with N-Word-Co elements as features. The research results can provide high precision in the HerbalMedicinalProperty-UsageMethod relation extraction.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.505-509
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• 2000

The kinetic structure of the content of instructions at the unit of 'heart and circulation' in "the common science", which was respectively given by two teachers majored in biology and two teachers majored in earth science was investigated. Concerning of the mean of the fundamental coefficient (B1), the mean of weighted coefficients (B2) and the progression of instruction (P), T4 (B1, 0.14; B2, 0.82; P; 0.86) teacher showed relatively lower kinetic structure and faster progression than those of the others. The other teachers showed a different level of the kinetic structure and progression: T1(B1, 0.21; B2, 0.86; P; 0.79), T2 (B1, 0.02; B2, 0.85; P; 0.80), and T3 (B1, 0.22; B2, 0.83; P; 0.78). T1 teacher who showed the largest total frequency of verbal elements, the great number of sorts of verbal elements and secondary span, had a higher level of the kinetic structure, but T4 teacher showed the lowest level of total frequency of verbal elements, the great number of sorts of verbal elements and secondary span. The main reason why T4 teacher's instruction achieved a lower level of kinetic structure was estimated that he neglected to reorganize teaching materials and he showed a small number of discourse units. In addition, the unit of 'heart and circulation' was less related to T4 teacher's major and T4 teacher had a shorter teaching experience than those of the others. T4 teacher also took charge of only one class, and this did not allow to instruct repeatedly.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.4
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• pp.501-508
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• 2004

This paper proposes a virtual relevant document technique in the teaming phase for text categorization. The method uses a simple transformation of relevant documents, i.e. making virtual documents by combining document pairs in the training set. The virtual document produced by this method has the enriched term vector space, with greater weights for the terms that co-occur in two relevant documents. The experimental results showed a significant improvement over the baseline, which proves the usefulness of the proposed method: 71% improvement on TREC-11 filtering test collection and 11% improvement on Routers-21578 test set for the topics with less than 100 relevant documents in the micro average F1. The result analysis indicates that the addition of virtual relevant documents contributes to the steady improvement of the performance.