• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2011

The Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project in China is similar to the 'The 10-year National Greening Project' of Korea, and is one of the great strategic policies that started in order to develop the people, resources and the environment by the central government of China. Using the ecosystem recovery as the slogan, The Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project of China has a long history of 70 years, but the accomplishments has been insignificant when compared to the long history. The Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project was not a trend due to the societal and economical issues of China, but with the increasing interest on the environmental protection in the late 1990s the extent of the ecosystem is gradually increasing. The most difficult, yet most important matter of the Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project, is that it must consider the ecosystem with the economy. The farmers want financial gains in a short term, and the government aims is gaining cost-benefit over a long period which is why a rational the Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project of the central government in China is most important. In order for the Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project of China to develop further in the future, the standardization and distinction of the economic compensation policy is most urgent. Other than this, a new policy and the government interest on the livelihood of the farmers after the completion of the Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project are needed, and there must be a clear and fair policy enactment environment so that the opinions of the farmers can influence the policy in the policy enactments.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.536-547
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• 2014

With the changing safety services and social order systems accompanied by the economic development and changing public security environment since the Chinese economic reform, the security service industry in China is growing daily and related problems are increasing. For the Chinese security service market to be activated, the monopoly of security services by the public security agencies must be removed. In addition, the research and development, expansion, and applications of safety and crime prevention technologies regarding the safety and protection of exhibition, sales, culture, sports, commerce activities, combinations of safety technologies and crime prevention processes, the provision of relevant technical operations, and the expansion of security service areas are required. Furthermore, the administration rights, property rights, and business management rights of security companies must be separated, the security headquarters must be integrated and coordinated for optimization of various resources solely by market needs, and their rights and affiliation relations must be clear. Besides, the competitiveness of security companies in the security service market must be enhanced by unifying the business management, and optimizing and sharing their resources. The security service ordinances of China that have been implemented now must be applied realistically, methods to activate the true market economy for security services must be researched, and various ordinances related to security services must be realigned in line with the characteristics of security services. Finally, for the mutual cooperation system between public and private security services, the public security agencies must acknowledge the importance of private security services and the status of security service providers in crime prevention and social order maintenance. They must establish partnership relations with each other beyond the unilateral direction and management system for security services and drive with positive attitudes the security service industry which is still in its infancy.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.83-88
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• 2013

Catastrophic disasters are sprouting out recently, i.e., the radiation leaks and the hydrofluoric acid gas leaks, etc. The restoration work for these kinds of disasters is very harmful and dangerous for human beings to handle themselves, thus allowing manless robots to fly the reconnaissance planes over to the disaster stricken areas and do the necessary work instead. For this endeavor and purpose, we created and tested an intelligent robot that can inspect those areas, using Mbed (ARM processor) technology temperature sensors and gas sensors aided by CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) cameras. Also, HTTP Server, PC, androids and their combined efforts allow their remote controlled operation from far away with timing control. These intelligent robots can be on duty for 24 hours, minimizing the accidents and crimes and what not, and can respond more quickly when these misfortunes actually happen. We can anticipate the economic effects as well, derived from the reduced needs for hiring human resources.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.3_2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2014

Three sides by the waters of the country in which the topography of the peninsula is a treasure trove of natural resources in the country to recognize the importance of the sea and maritime territorial and maritime policy for the protection of rights, such as to promote the country striving to strengthen haeyangryeok. However, marine activities is 200 sea miles exclusive economic zone of the stage (EEZ) and the continental shelf extends as the, EEZ waters of the overlapping jurisdiction, Books sovereignty, marine scientific research and development, including the continental shelf surrounding the deepening relationship between the neighboring countries and complex understanding including international cooperation and coexistence between countries to be competitive. This time the Coast Guard 's maritime sovereignty existing patron driven from the accident prevention safety management system, from our sea, has been kept firmly. However, due to the new issue of disaster lies in the fate of marine police became dismantled. This real time so that you can be reborn as a marine police force structure. Structure to change the way the rescue operation. Expenses, Shore, you will need to increase the professionalism of pollution.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2018

Since the protection the of human being from natural disaster and atmospheric factors have become an essential requirement, some attempts have been taken place to provide shelter and create a safe environment to a more comfortable life with welfare. For this purpose, using existing resources in nature and exploiting them in a different manner have been taken into account. Initially, the performed exploitations for construction had the least damage to the environment, but over time and as a result of population growth, aggressive exploitation of nature has led to destroying effects on the environment and resulted in consequences such as pollution and environmental destruction. Thus, the construction industry has been identified as the top pollutant factors of the environment. Among various construction factors, the building materials used in this industry are considered as the most important effective factors on the environment, as they have direct influences on the environment from the beginning of construction of the final steps. This research focuses on the review of the most of the existing green materials definitions and various approaches towards using eco-efficient construction materials. It presents and discusses possible ways of reducing the destructive effects on the environment by selecting and using green materials, review current literature and highlight the necessity of applying such materials in future constructions in all communities. This paper provides a base for this purpose that sustainable development communities and environment is realized by elimination of environmental pollution and approaching the criteria of green building by using sustainable materials.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.290-297
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• 2019

The estuary is a transition zone where fresh water and salt water meet because the stream is connected to the open sea area. So estuaries have very high biodiversity and form a unique ecosystem. However, before the recognition of the ecological value of the estuaries, various damage and disturbances have been occurred so countermeasures are needed. The river master plan is acting as a disturbance factor. However, the river master plan has the public object such as water disaster defense, river function improvement, and national water resources management. Therefore, it is necessary to study the ways in which the opposite relationship of development and ecosystem protection coexist. In this study, the concept of environmental windows were used to estimate the low impact development duration. We expected that proposed method for low impact development duration estimation can be used as a basis and basic data to protected the ecosystem from development project and disturbance in the future.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.883-890
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• 2022

Purpose: Currently, in the case of domestic fire fighting facility design, it is difficult to secure highquality manpower due to low design costs and overheated competition between companies, so there is a limit to improving the fire safety performance of buildings. Accordingly, AI-based firefighting design solutions were studied to solve these problems and secure leading fire engineering technologies. Method: Through AutoCAD, which is widely used in existing fire fighting design, the procedures required for basic design and implementation design were processed, and AI technology was utilized through the YOLO v4 object recognition deep learning model. Result: Through the design process for fire fighting facilities, the facility was determined and the drawing design automation was carried out. In addition, by learning images of doors and pillars, artificial intelligence recognized the part and implemented the function of selecting boundary areas and installing piping and fire fighting facilities. Conclusion: Based on artificial intelligence technology, it was confirmed that human and material resources could be reduced when creating basic and implementation design drawings for building fire protection facilities, and technology was secured in artificial intelligence-based fire fighting design through prior technology development.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.74-84
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• 2017

Soil erosion is often extreme in Korea due to high rainfall intensities and steep slopes, and climate change has also increased the risk of erosion. Despite its significane, erosion-induced soil organic carbon (SOC) emission and water resource loss are not well understood, along with the lack of an integrated surface soil erosion protection policy. Therefore, to design adequate protection policies, land users, scientists, engineers and decision makers need proper information about surface soil and watershed properties related to greenhouse gas emission potential and water conservation capability, respectively. Assuming the total soil erosion of $346Tg\;yr^{-1}$, soil organic matter (SOM) content of 2% (58% of SOM is SOC), and mineralization rate of 20% of the displaced carbon, erosion-induced carbon emission could reach $800Gg\;C\;yr^{-1}$. Also the available water capacity of the soil was estimated to be 15.8 billion tons, which was 14 times higher than the yearly water supply demand in Seoul, Korea. Therefore, in order to prevent of soil erosion, this study proposes a three-stage plan for surface soil erosion prevention: 1) classification of soil erosion risk and scoring of surface soil quality, 2) selection of priority areas for conservation and best management practices (BMP), and 3) application of BMP and post management.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.261-276
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• 2016

The occurrence of natural radioactive materials such as uranium and radon-222 in groundwater was examined with hydrogeochemistry and geology at ○○ village in the Yongin area. Two rounds of 19 groundwater and 5 surface water sampling were collected for analysis. The range of pH value in groundwaters was 5.81 to 7.79 and the geochemical types of the groundwater were mostly Ca(Na)-HCO₃ and Ca(Na)-NO₃(Cl)-HCO₃. Uranium and radon-222 concentrations in the groundwater ranged from 0.06 to 411 μg/L and from 5.56 to 903 Bq/L, respectively. Two deep groundwaters used as common potable well-water sources exceeded the maximum contaminant levels of the uranium and radon-222 proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Three groundwater samples from residential areas contained unsuitable levels of uranium, and 12 groundwater samples were unsuitable due to radon-222 concentrations. Radioactive materials in the unsuitable groundwater are naturally occurring in a Jurassic amphibole- and biotite-bearing granitic gneiss. High uranium and radon-222 groundwater concentrations were only observed in two common wells; the others showed no relationship between bedrock geology and groundwater geochemical constituents. With such high concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive materials in groundwater, the affected areas may extend tens of meters for uranium and even farther for radon-222. Therefore, we suggest the radon-222 and the uranium did not originate from the same source. Based on the distribution of radon-222 in the study area, zones of higher radon-222 concentrations may be the result of diffusion through cracks, joint, or faults. Surface radioactivity and uranium concentrations in the groundwater show a positive relationship, and the impact areas may extend for ~200m beyond the well in the case of wells containing high concentrations of uranium. The highest uranium and thorium concentrations in rock samples were detected in thorite and monazite.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2013

The aim of study is to present how to estimate and use the FRI (Flood Risk Index) for classifying area zones based on regional flooding risk in terms of the integrated flood risk management. To estimate the FRI at a spatial resolution of city/county/town units for the Nakdong River Watershed, the 17 representative flood indexing factors are carefully selected for the three flood indexes, such as PI (Pressure Index), SI (State Index), and RI (Response Index) under the P-S-R (Pressure-State-Response) classification system. Because flood indexing factors are measured at different scales and units, they are transformed into a common domain by the T-Score normalization technique. The entropy weight coefficient method is also applied to calculate the weight of flood indexing factors in order to reduce subjective judgement on the effect of weight coefficients. The three flood indexes of PI, SI, and RI are integrated for an overall value of the FRI to evaluate the flood risk of districts. To examine the practical application of the proposed FRI, the FRI results with/without the weight coefficients are compared with flooding zones of natural disaster risk areas officially announced in 2010. It is expected that the FRI ensured by full verification can make regional protection plans against flooding disasters with respect to causes and characteristics of past floods.