• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.2265-2268
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• 2012

Aqueous solution of oxygenated Direct yellow 12 dye has been evaluated spectrophotometrically as a possible gamma rays dosimeter. The neutral (pH-7), alkaline (pH-12.5) and acidic (pH-5.5) aqueous solution of the dye were prepared and exposed to various gamma doses. Absorption spectra of unirradiated and irradiated solutions were recorded at 400 nm peak. The increase in absorbance with the increase in irradiation dose was observed from 1 to 6 kGy. The stability response of the dye solution for different environmental conditions such as temperature (low & high), light and darkness were investigated during post irradiation storage for ten days. The dye solution showed high stability in darkness for the studied period. The optical density of the dye solution was found to be decreased at high temperature storage.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 1997

Gulbi, salted and dried yellow corvenia, is a favorite diet food in Korea from the ancient times. A Few studies have dealt with sanitary concerns related to its products, while a number of investigators studied its taste compounds. This study attemps to establish the basic data for ensuring the safety of Gulbi. The contents of nitrate and nitrite were detected 1.2 and <0.1 mg/kg in raw sample, but their contents were detected 3.6~3.9 and 1.2~2.0 mg/kg during its processing and storage of Gulbi, respectively. TMAO contents decreased while betaine, TMA, DMA and formaldehyde increased in yellow corvenia during its processing and storage. Recovery from raw, salted, salt-dried and stored sample spiked with 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg for NDBA was 83.2~102.7% average 92.7%). N-nitrosamine such as NDMA, NDEA and NDPA was not detected in raw sample and drastically increased during Gulbi processing and storage. The levels of NDMA, NDEA and NDPA in Gulbi stored for 30 days were about 2.7,4.5 and 5.3 times higher than those in salted sample, respectively. Regardless of cooking methods, NDMA, NDEA and NDPA during cooking when sample were cooked using direct heating methods such as a gas and a briquet fire than when sample were cooked using indirect methods such as an microwave oven and a fried pan. Indirect cooking methods was effective to minimize the N-nitrosamine formation such as NDMA, NDEA and NDPA during cooking of Gulbi.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.12-21
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• 2009

The dyeing property of direct-spinning type and seaisland type 0.2D micro polyester nonwoven fabrics was characterized by three disperse dyes (Dorosperse Red KFFB, Blue KGBR, Yellow KRL) at $120^{\circ}C$ and $130^{\circ}C$. Before and after reduction cleaning, dyeing fastness was evaluated and the thermomigaration after heat setting at $180^{\circ}C$ for 60 min were also evaluated. Direct-spinning type fabric showed better dyeing property, wash fastness, and light fastness, but worse rub fastness than seaisland type fabric. The dyeing property and fastness of direct-spinning type fabric increased at higher dyeing temperature, whereas seaisland type fabric exhibited lower dyeing fastness and the increase of thermomigration at higher dyeing temperature. Non-fixed dye in fiber surface was removed by reduction cleaning process, then dyeing fastness was improved and thermomigration decreased. The higher dye uptake of direct-spinning type non-woven fabric caused the increase of dye molecule migration from fiber internal to fiber surface, so this fabric showed larger thermomigration than seaisland type non-woven fabric.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2002

Nanofiltration of aqueous dye solutions was carried out using polyamide (PA) nanofiltration (NF) composite membranes. The PA composite membranes were prepared by the interfacial polymerization of piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the surface of microporous polysulfone (PSf) ultrafi1tration (UF) membranes. After characterization in terms of their permeation performance and surface ionic property, they were used for the separation of dye solutions such as Direct Red 75, 80, 81, and Direct Yellow 8 and 27. The separation conditions were varied to study the factors affecting on the permeation performance of the membranes: different concentrations of dye solutions, operating temperature and time, and flow rate of a feed solution. The surface property of the membrane, especially its ionic property, as a function of operating time was examined with a zeta-potentiometer and the relationship between the surface chemistry of the membrane and its permeation properties was also studied.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2017

The catch of Todarodes pacificus in the Yellow Sea is commonly known as the winter cohort. So, to understand the transport process of winter cohort of T. pacificus, and to identify whether the simulated individuals which are transported directly into the Yellow Sea (YS) influence these resources immediately, we conducted a Lagrangian-particle-tracking numerical experiments of T. pacificus from 2005 to 2010 using LTRANS and ROMS. The results show that: (1) Most of the released individuals spread out to the open sea by the Kuroshio and the Tsushima Warm Current around 30 days after release. (2) Unlike the hypothesis proposed by Rosa et al. (2011), Around $30-33N^{\circ}$ near Jeju Island simulated the initial position (3) About 0.01% of individuals released in December were transported solely into the YS around 15 days after release. However there were no surviving individuals due to the low temperature less than $12^{\circ}C$. Also the variation of individuals entered into the YS was not significantly correlated with it in YS catches during the experimental period. Therefore, the most of resources in the YS is assumed to be more influenced by diverse factors of the Pacific Ocean and East Sea than the direct transport in the YS of winter cohort.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2010

An alkalophilic microorganism capable of degrading dyes was developed for the treatment of alkaline dye solution. This strain was identified as Pseudomonas species. Using this microorganism, biological treatment of dye was studied in Erlenmeyer flasks. The characteristics of this microorganism were observed under various incubating-condition such as temperature, pH, nitrogen source, and macronutrients concentration. The removal effciencies of Disperse Red 60 from synthetic wastewater were 33.5 ~ 36.9% at the range of $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$, and they were 31.1 ~ 36.7% at the range of initial pH 8 ~ pH 10, respectively. The optimal culture medium was found to be 0.25%(w/v) yeast extract, 0.25%(w/v) polypeptone, 0.1%(w/v) $KH_2PO_4$, 0.2%(w/v) $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, and 1.0%(w/v) $Na_2CO_3$. In treatment of various dyes using Erlenmeyer flasks, the removal effciencies of Disperse Blue 87, Disperse Yellow 64, Disperse Red 60, Acid Blue 193, Acid Red 138, and Direct Yellow 23 were found to be 76%, 71%, 58%, 93%, 94%, and 90% respectively after 24hrs reaction of alkalophilic strain Pseudomonas sp. YBE-12.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 1995

In this Paper, the Performance of the convolution method has been investigated as an effort to develop a simple system of predicting wind-driven surface current on a real time basis. In this approach wind stress is assumed to be spatially uniform and the effect of atmospheric pressure is neglected. The discrete convolution weights are determined in advance at each point using a linear three-dimensional Galerkin model with linear shape functions(Galerkin-FEM model). Four directions of wind stress(e.g. NE, SW, NW, SE) with unit magnitude are imposed in the model calculation for the construction of data base for convolution weights. Given the time history of wind stress, it is then possible to predict with-driven currents promptly using the convolution product of finite length. An unsteady wind stress of arbitrary form can be approximated by a series of wind pulses with magnitude of 6 hour averaged value. A total of 12 pulses are involved in the convolution product To examine the accuracy of the convolution method a series of numerical experiments has been carried out in the idealized basin representing the scale of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. The wind stress imposed varies sinusoidally in time. It was found that the predicted surface currents and elevation fields were in good agreement with the results computed by the direct integration of the Galerkin model. A model with grid 1/8$^{\circ}$ in latitude, l/6$^{\circ}$ in longitude was established which covers the entire region of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. The numerical prediction in terms of the convolution product has been carried out with particular attention on the formation of upwind flow in the middle of the Yellow Sea by northerly wind.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.741-744
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• 2000

The removal of colours from aqueous solution and/or dispersions has been studied by dispersed-air flotation, in a semi-batch column. Two colours were used for the experiments: Basic Yellow 28 (basic) and Direct Orange 31 (basic). All two were effectively removed by flotation within 8 min. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium oleate and amines were found to be effective as collectors in the removal of colour, which was found to be related to the pH of the solution and the amount of collector added to it, with high collector dosages causing the process to become pH-independent.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.337-342
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• 2002

Many components that are derived from medicinal or dietary plants possess potential chemopreventive properties. Curcumin, a yellow coloring agent from turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn, Zingiberaceae), possesses strong antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities. In this study, we have found that curcumin inhibits the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) activation by preventing the degradation of the inhibitory protein $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and the subsequent translocation of the p65 subunit in cultured human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. Alternatively, curcumin repressed the TPA-induced activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ through direct interruption of the binding of NF-${\kappa}B$ to its consensus DNA sequences. Likewise, the TPA-induced DNA binding of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) was inhibited by curcumin pretreatment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1428-1432
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• 1999

[Fe$^{II}$(BLPA)DBCH]BPh₄ (1), a new functional model for the extradiol-cleaving catechol dioxygenases, has been synthesized, where BLPA is bis(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amine and DBCH is 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholate monoanion. ¹H NMR and EPR studies confirm that 1 has a high-spin Fe(II) (S = 2) center. The electronic spectrum of 1 exhibits one absorption band at 386 nm, showing the yellow color of the typical [Fe$^{II}$(BLPA)] complex. Upon exposure to O₂, 1 is converted to an intense blue species within a minute. This blue species exhibits two intense bands at 586 and 960 nm and EPR signals at g = 5.5 and 8.0 corresponding to the high-spin Fe(III) complex (S = 5/2, E/D = 0.11). This blue complex further reacts with O₂ to be converted to (μ-oxo)Fe$^{III}_2$ complex within a few hours. Interestingly, 1 affords intradiol cleavage (65%) and extradiol cleavage (20%) products after the oxygenation. It can be suggested that 1 undergoes two different oxygenation pathways. The one takes the substrate activation mechanism proposed for the intradiol cleavage products after the oxidation of the $Fe^II\;to\;Fe^{III}$. The other involves the direct attack of O₂ to $Fe^{II}$ center, forming the $Fe^{III}$-superoxo intermediate which can give rise to the extradiol cleavage products. 1 is the first functional Fe(II) complex for extradiol-cleaving dioxygenases giving extradiol cleavage products.