• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.214-222
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• 1998

These experiments were conducted to investigate water uptake, electrical conductivity, germination percentage, seedling growth, and seedling establishment rate in direct seeding cultivation of rice. The rice seeds of six japonica type varieties were coated with 12 kinds of polymers in a standard concentration of 0.2% using seed coating machine. The water absorption of the polymer-coated seeds under saturation conditions was not different among varieties, and was the highest in kulcel, maltrin, and waterlock on the polymer-coated seeds. The electrical conductivity with waterlock (55.0 $\mu scm^{-1}g^{-1}$) was higher than the control plot (45.6 $\mu scm^{-1}g^{-1}$) and other treatments. The germination of the polymer-coated seeds was 95.9% at control plot, 92.7% at low temperature and 35.7% at high temperature. The total dry weight of seed decreased in the order of low temperature, control plot, and high temperature, and was effective in pvp (polyvinyl pyrrolidone), opadry, and sacrust. The seedling establishment rate in direct seeding cultivation ranged from 74.9 to 81.0% in flooded paddy surface, and ranged from 64.7 to 76.6% in dry paddy. In both cases, it decreased in the order of early, medium and medium-late varieties, but was enhanced in daran 8600, sepirect, and sacrust. According to this study the recommended polymers for direct seeding cultivation of rice are daran 8600, sepirect, and sacrust.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.254-258
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• 1998

Distribution and occurrence of weedy rice in Kyonggi region were surveyed in 1996. Weedy rice was observed in 1368 fields (54.9%) of total 2490 fields. Almost two thirds of paddy fields in northern mountainous region were contaminated by weedy rice and more severe contamination, three forths of paddy fields, was observed in suburban regions. In those regions, occurrence of weedy rice was greater than those in north-eastern inland and south-western plain regions. The occurrence of weedy rice was higher in water seeding cultivation (66.7%) than other cultivation methods. The number of weedy rice per 10a was 756.7 plants in direct seeding on dry paddy and 379.4 plants in water seeding. The occurrence of weedy rice was higher in fields planted by farmer's seeds than that of paddy fields cultivated by certified seeds, and the longer the farmer's seeds being used, the more weedy rice occurred in paddy field.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.200-222
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• 1992

The results of recent researches for improvement of seedling stand in direct seeded rice on the dry paddy in Korea were summarized as the following ; a variety to be cultivated should be chosen the characteristics of high percentage germination under low temperature, shorter period of shoot emergence, and better growth of the mesocotyl and shoots. Meanwhile, there was 40% increase in seedling stand at the treatment of removal of the seed awn under using the drill seeder. After seeding the rice seed covered with soil of 3cm depth was better seedling emergence and also there was the hightest seedling emergence at the 70% of moisture content of the soil. In addition, the application of the Release containing GA 10% enabled to increase the seedling stand and furthermore it was effective under deep seeding depth. The optimum seeding date should be seeded around May 10 when mean air temperature is above 12-13$^{\circ}C$ so that may establish more less 70% in seedling stand. Based on an appropriate seedling stand of 150/$m^2$, the optimum seeding rate was 5kg/10a. It was the best in seeding method using drill seeder and the most desirable recommended seeding method was the drill seeder in terms of seedling stand. In order to improve seedling stand water management was more effective in canal irrigation and in drainage at 6hr after irrigation following by the seeding process. On the other hand, for the increase of seedling stand under flooded condition a variety might have characters being better germination at low concentration of dissolved oxygen and vertically deeper growing of the crown root. Also, seedling stand was able to increase with the seed coating of $CaO_2$in the flooded soil. It was possible to be seeded on the early part of May being mean air temperature of avove 10$^{\circ}C$ and the optimum seeding rate was 5kg/10a. For an effective water management water would be flooded up to 3cm depth for 2-3 weeks after seeding. The rice plant grown under the direct seeded cultivation might be not so much strong in lodging resistance compared to that grown under the transplanting and moreover direct seeded rice cultivation under flooded condition would be more weak growth of the rice plant than that on dry paddy. Meanwhile, the lodging would be affected by the seeding rate, the soil depth after seeding. and seeding method even in the same variety. In particular, roots in the lodging pattern of direct seeded rice cultivation under flooded condition were largely distributed on the soil surface so that resulted easily in the lodging. In general, the lodging resistance would be greater as seeding rate and amount of N fertilizer application are lower and soil depth after seeding is higher. Among the introduction of different seeding method the high ridged drill seeding method on dry paddy soil resulted in the lowest in the lodging index and also it was lower in the drill seeding method than in the scattering seeding method under flooded condition. In case of more than 150 seedlings per $m^2$ there was a severe lodging due to high lodging index at the 3rd and 4th internodes. The effective lodging prevention was able to at the treatment of the Inabenfide at 45 days before heading and the Uniconazol at 15 days before heading which caused the shortage by 10-15cm in culm length. Also, fertilizer management using split application of nitrogen would be contributed the reduction of lodging at the rate of 20-30-20-20-10%(basal-5th leaf stage-7th leaf stage-panicle initiation stage-heading stage) on the dry paddy soil.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2001

본 연구는 벼 휴립건답직파 절수재배에 알맞은 질소 수비량을 구명하고자 파종량을 6kg/10a과 10kg/10a으로 하고, 질소 수비 시비량을 10a당 4.8kg(표준구), 2.4kg, 7.2kg 및 9.6kg을 시비 처리하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 질소 수비량이 많을수록 엽면적지수와 지상부 건물중은 약간씩 증가하는 경향이었다. 나. 출수기 광합성능은 질소 수비량이 많을수록 높았으며, 파종량간에는 6 kg/10a 파종에서 높았다. 다. 질소의 흡수량은 질소 수비량이 많을수록 많았으며, 질소 이용율은 6kg/10a 파종에서는 질소 표준수비(4.8kg/10a) 보다 50% 증시에서 가장 높았고 10 kg/10a 파종에서는 별 차이가 없었다. 라. 단위 면적당 수수는 질소 수비량이 많을수록 많았고, 등숙비율과 현미 천립중은 비슷하여, 쌀 수량은 표준(6kg/10a 파종시 수비량 4.8kg/10a 시용) 보다 50%증시(7.2kg/ha)구에서 6kg/10a 파종에서는 6%, 10 kg/10a 파종에서는 13% 증수되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1997

담수된 논 토양에서는 산소공급의 차단으로 환원상태가 조장되어 메탄가스가 생성되는데, 생성된 메탄은 확산이나 벼 식물체를 통하여 대기로 배출되어 지구온난화 가스로 작용된다. 본 연구는 메탄가스 저감방법을 구명하고자 벼 재배양식별 메탄가스 배출특성을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 벼 재배양식에 따른 메탄 배출량은 이앙재배, 담수직파, 건답직파순으로 많았으며 볏짚을 시용한 건답직파의 평균메탄 배출량($mg{\cdot}m^2{\cdot}h^{-1}$)은 10.27, 담수직파는 21.94, 그리고 이앙재배는 24.05였다. 2. 출수기의 시간별 메탄발생 양상은 오전 9시에서 오후7시까지 메탄배출량이 많았으며 밤에는 낮보다 메탄 배출량이 낮았다. 3. 메탄 배출량은 기온과 Eh와 높은 상관을 보였다. 4. 시기별 메탄 배출정점은 유수형성기와 출수기 무렵에 두번 보였다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.322-326
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• 2013

본 연구는 벼 최소경운 건답직파재배기술을 이용하여 논잡초성벼 방제를 시도하기 위하여 2011년에 수행되었다. 벼 최소경운 건답직파재배는 1자형 로타리날을 이용하여 무경운 상태의 논에서 조파 27 cm간격으로 폭 4 cm의 파종골을 내어 파종하는 벼 건답직파재배 기술이다. 이 재배기술은 파종 작업시 경운을 최소화하기 때문에 잡초성벼 방제가 가능하다. 2012년의 경우 4월 28일 잡초성벼가 발생을 시작하였고 5월 9일경 잡초성벼 발생 비율이 61.9% 이었다. 이때 파종을 하고 파종후 10일 제초제를 처리하면 89~96%, 파종후 15일에 처리하면 97~99%의 잡초성벼를 방제할 수 있었다. 하지만 해에 따라 잡초성벼 발생은 4월중 기온과 강수량에 영향을 받아 달라질 수 있다. 따라서 잡초성벼를 효과적으로 방제하면서 안정적인 쌀 수량을 확보하기 위해서는 4월 15~20일경 관개하여 잡초성벼 발생을 유도하여 적정파종시기가 당겨지는 방법이 좋을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2002

본 연구는 벼 휴립건답직파 절수재매시 완효성비료의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 질소비료를 표준시비(N-160kg/ha) 대비 완효성비료(LCU: 18-12-13%)를 기비로 100%와 80% 시용구 및 기비로 60% 시용하고 속효성비료인 요소로 분얼비 또는 수비로 20%씩 각각 시용하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 생육기간중 지상부 생육은 LCU 100%에서 가장 컸고, LCU 시비량간에는 시비량이 많을수록 컸다. 2. 시비질소의 흡수량은 LCU 100%에서 가장 높았고 질소 시비효율은 LCU 60% + 수비(요소) 20% 시용구에서 가장 높았다. 3. 처리간 수량구성요소를 보면 $m^2$당 수수와 $m^2$당 립수는 LCU 100%에서 가장 많았고, 등숙비율과 현미 천립중은 비슷하였는데, 쌀 수량은 관행인 속효성 시비구 대비 LCU 100%에서 7% 증수되었다. 따라서 벼 휴립건담직파재배에서 관개수 부족시 절수재배가 필요하여 이때에 완효성비료로 시비할 경우 표준시비량(N-160kg/ha) 수준으로 시비해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.512-518
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 수원과 밀양에서 이앙과 직파재배를 실시하였고 벼의 생육상태와 수량성을 평가하였고 토지 및 노동생산성을 비교하였다. 이앙재배에 비하여 파종작업이 36일이나 늦었던 직파재배는 모든 생육단계가 조금씩 지연되었고 특히 냉해가 심하였던 수원지방에서 출수는 약15일이나 늦어졌다. 직파재배의 현미수량은 이앙재배보다 8.2%(수원)와 0.11%(밀 양)씩 감소되었으나 소요 영농시간은 34%(수원), 54%(밀양)씩 적어졌고, 10a당 쌀 생산비는 19%(수원), 29%(밀양)절감되었다. 시간당 쌀 생산량(노동생산성)은 이앙재배에 비하여 직파경우 37%(수원), 113%(밀양)증가되었다. 따라서 직파재배가 이앙보다 단위면적당 쌀의 수량은 약간 감소되는 편이었지만 영농시간과 투입비용을 크게 감소시켰다. 아울러 단위량의 쌀을 생산할 경우에도 직파가 생산비와 영농시간을 절감시켜 효율적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 직파재배법는, 온도조건이 유리한 남부지역이 중부지역보다 적합하였고 수량의 감소를 줄이려면 저온에서 발아가 빠른 품종을 선택하여야 할것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.731-737
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• 1995

벼 건답직파재배시 토성이 다른 양토와 사양토에서 질소분시방법 차이가 생육형질 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 검사하고자 화성벼를 4월 27일에 평면줄뿌림하여 시험을 수행했던 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 입묘수는 토성 및 질소분시방법에 일정한 경향이 없이 159~177개/$m^2$ 의 분포를 보였다. $m^2$ 당 수수는 양토가 사양토보다 많았으며, 사양토, 양토 모두 추비중점시비 (3엽기-7엽기-수비=40-30-30% 및 기비-3엽기-7엽기-수비=10-30-30-30%)가 관행 시비방법(기비-5엽기-수기=40-30-30%)보다 많았다. 2. 생육시기별 엽색, 출수기엽면적지수 및 건물중은 토성간에는 양토가 사양토보다 높았고, 질소분시방법간에는 추비중점시비는 관행보다 높았으나 20%감비와 완효성 시료시용은 관행보다 낮았다. 3. 도복지수는 추비중점시비에서 간장이 크고 협절중이 낮아 관행보다 높은 도복지수를 보였고, 이 결과 포장도복도 추비중점시비에서 3정도 발생하였다. 4. 추비중점시비는 관행에 비하여 등숙비율이 약간 낮았고 천립중은 비슷하였으며, 현미에서 완전미율이 낮은 반면 청미와 미숙립율이 높았다. 5. 수량은 관행대비(사양토 5.08t/ha, 양토 5.22t/ha) 추비중점시비에서 사양토는 7~9%, 양토는 6~9% 증수되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.292-296
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• 2008

Clay-coated rice seeds (clay-coated seeds A and B) were directly sown on dry paddy and their growth and yield were compared with the normal drill-sown seeds on dry flat paddy. In clay-coated seeds, germination was 1 day earlier and the emergence rate was higher up to 5% than that of normal drill-sown seeds. But the apparent number of seedling stand per $m^2$ was lower than that of normal drill-sown seeds, which is due to the smaller amount of seeding in clay-coated seeds. At the early growth stage, the plant height of clay-coated seeds A was taller than that of drill-sown seeds, while the plant height of clay-coated seeds B was 0.7 cm shorter than that of drill-sown seeds. At the late growth stage, however, the difference was insignificant in both cases. The maximum tillering stage was 10 days earlier in drill-sown seeds. Lodging index was the lowest in clay-coated seeds B and there was no difference between clay-coated seeds A and drill-sown seeds. The ratio of stem base weight, culm diameter and culm wall thickness were higher in clay-coated seeds, while the lower internodes (4th, 5th and 6th) length was shorter in claycoated seeds than in drill-sown seeds. In clay-coated seeds, the number of panicle per $m^2$ was smaller, while the number of spikelet per panicle was a little larger than in drill-sown seeds. The rate of ripened grain and brown rice 1,000 grain weight were lower in the clay-coated seeds, thus the yield was $98{\sim}99%$ level of drill-sown seeds. Considering that the amount of seeding in clay-coated seeds was two-thirds of that in drill-sown seeds, it is expected that clay coating method could become an additional technique for direct seeding cultivation.