• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.412-418
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• 2000

Association of cytochrome c with anionic membranes involved both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions and their relative contributions depended on the physical state of the membrane and the redox state of cyto-chromec.Hydrophobic interaction was favored by the membranes in gel phase, by the membranes with a large curvature, and by the membranes with a high surface charge density. Ferrocytochrome c was less dissociable by NaCl than ferricytochrome c suggesting that a lower protein stability is beneficial for hydrophobic interac-tion.Hydrophobic interaction induced larger structural perturbations on cytochrome c as monitored by the loss of the Fe-Met bond and by the increase in the distance between heme and Trp-59. When bound to anionic mem-branes,spin-labeled cytochrome c showed an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum with two or more components, providing a direct evidence for multiple conformations of bound cytochrome c.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.18-21
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• 2020

Undetected wafer slip during the lift pin-down motion in semiconductor equipment may affect the center to edge variation, wafer warpage, and pattern misalignment in plasma equipment. Direct measuring of the amount of wafer slip inside the plasma process chamber is not feasible because of the hardware space limitation inside the plasma chamber. In this paper, we demonstrated a practice for the wafer lift pin-up and down motions with respect to the gear ratio, operating voltage, and pulse width modulation to maintain accurate wafer position using remote control linear servo motor with an experimentally designed chamber mockup. We noticed that the pin moving velocity and gear ratio are the most influencing parameters to be control, and the step-wised position control algorithm showed the most suitable for the reduction of wafer slip.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 1998년도 Proceedings ICPE 98 1998 International Conference on Power Electronics
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• pp.346-351
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• 1998

In design of a digital current controller for a 3-phase (3 ) voltage-source (VS) PWM converter, its conventional model, i.e., stationary or synchronous reference frame model, is used in obtaining its discretized version. It introduces, however, inherent errors since the following practical problems are not taken into consideration: the characteristics of the space vector-based pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) and the time delays in the process of sampling and computation. In this paper, the new hybrid reference frame model of the 3 VS PWM converter is proposed considering these problems. In addition, the direct digital current controller based on this model is designed without any prediction or extrapolation algorithm to compensate the time delay. So the control algorithm is made very simple. It represents no steady-state error in input current control and has the optimized transient responses. The validity of the proposed algorithm is proved by the computer simulation and experimental results.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권4A호
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• pp.573-578
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• 2000

본 논문은 공유 레이저 광원 및 LED 광원을 이용하는 WDM-PON 구조의 새로운 광 가입자 전송시스템을 제안하고, 제안된 시스템의 타당성을 실험적 시뮬레이션을 통해 고찰하였다. 본 시스템은 고속의 하향전송을 위해서는 공유 레이저 광원을 외부변조하여 이용하는 방식을 채택하였고, 상향전송을 위해서는 LED광원을 직접변조하여 이용하는 구조로 되어 있다. 광 선로구간에서의 파장다중화를 위해서는 채널 결합 및 분기기능을 갖는 AWG(Arrayed Wave-guide Grating) 소자를 이용하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 전송시스템의 특징은 저가로 시스템을 구현 할 수 있다는 것이다. 이는 하향전송에 대해서는 안정된 고가의 레이저 광원을 공유함으로써 가능하고, 상향전송에는 동일한 LED 광원을 이용함으로써 WDM-PON을 위한 광 송수신장치(ONU; Opticla Network Unit)의 광원 안정화 및 규격화가 쉬워짐에 따라 대량생산을 통한 저가 구현이 가능하다. 본 시스템의 기술적 타당성을 입증하기 위하여 전송속도가 2.5Gbps인 하향전송과 51.84, 155.52 및 622.08Mbps인 상향전송에 대한 시뮬레이션을 실시하였고, 상하향 각 전송속도에 있어서 잘 동작됨을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2003

Alternative medicines such as herbal products are increasingly being used for preventive and therapeutic purposes. Ginseng is the best known and most popular herbal medicine used worldwide. In spite of some beneficial effects of ginseng on the nervous system, little scientific evidence shows at the cellular level. In the present study, I have examined the direct modulation of ginseng total saponins and individual ginsenosides on the activation of $Ca^{2+}$ channels and NMDA-gated channels in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and hippocampal neurons, respectively. In DRG neurons, application of ginseng total saponins suppressed high-voltage-activated $Ca^{2+}$ channel currents and ginsenoside Rg$_3$, among the 11 ginsenosides tested, produced the strongest inhibition on $Ca^{2+}$ channel currents. Occlusion experiments using selective $Ca^{2+}$ channel blockers revealed that ginsenoside Rg$_3$ could modulate L-, N-, and P/Q-type currents. In addition, ginsenoside Rg$_3$ also proved to be an active component of ginseng actions on NMDA receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons. Application of ginsenoside Rg$_3$ suppressed NMDA-induced [Ca$^{2+}$]$_{i}$ increase and -gated channels using fura-2-based digital imaging and patch-clamp techniques, respectively. These results suggest that the modulation of $Ca^{2+}$ channels and NMDA receptors by ginsenoside Rg$_3$ could be part of the pharmacological basis of ginseng actions in the peripheral and central nervous systems.ous systems.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.183-188
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• 1993

시상하부 조각에서 카테콜아민의 분비에 대한 포도당의 영향을 관찰하였다. 카테콜아민의 기초분비는 포도당의 농도$(5{\sim}30mM)$에 반비례하였다. Tetrodotoxin $(10\;{\mu}M)$의 존재하에서 카테콜아민의 기초분비에 대한 포도당의 억제 작용은 대부분 유지되었으나, 도파민에 대한 30 mM 포도당의 억제 작용은 거의 봉쇄되었다. Tetrodotoxin $(10\;{\mu}M)$과 desipramine $(3\;{\mu}M)$의 존재하에서는 카테콜아민의 기초분비에 대한 포도당의 영향이 없었다. 이상의 결과는 포도당이 transsynaptic action 뿐 아니라 카테콜아민 신경세포 말단에 대한 직접 작용을 통하여 카테콜아민의 분비를 조절할 것임을 시사한다. 카테콜아민의 분비에 대한 포도당의 조절작용은 당뇨상태에서의 시상하부 카테콜아민 대사의 변화를 적어도 부분적으로는 설명할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2006

We have designed the system that measure one channel ECG by two electrode and extract real-time EDR with more related resipiration and comportable to subject by using conductive textile. On the assumption that relation between RL electrode and potential measurement electrode is coupled with RC connected model, we designed RL drive output to feedback two electrode for reduction of common mode signal. The conductive textile which was used for two ECG electrode was offered more comfort during night sleep in bed than any other method using attachments. In the method of single-lead EDR, R wave point or QRS interval area could be used for EDR estimation in traditional method, it is, so to speak, the amplitude modulation(AM) method for EDR. Alternatively, R-R interval could be used for frequency modulation(FM) method based on Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia(RSA). For evaluation of performance on AM EDR and FM EDR from 14 subject, ECG lead III was measured. Each EDR was compared with both temperature around nose(direct measurement of respiration) and respiration signal from thoracic belt(indirect measurement of respiration) on mean squared error(MSE), cross correlation(Xcorr), and Coherence. The upsampling interpolation technique of multirate signal processing is applied to interpolating data instead of cubic spline interpolation. As a result, we showed the real-time EDR extraction processing to be implemented at micro-controller.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.70-74
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• 2006

기존 DS-CDMA 시스템은 부가 백색 가우시안 잡음, 채널 왜곡 그리고 다중 사용자에 의한 간섭 잡음과 같은 환경에서 성능이 열화된다. 이런 성분들로 인하여, 수신기에서 PN 확산 코드의 자기 상관 값이 감소한다. 이 기술은 확산 코드의 상관성을 근거를 두고 있다. 본 논문에서는 상관성을 높이기 위해서, DS-CDMA와 chirp 변조를 결합한 binary chirp DS-CDMA 기술을 제안하였다. binary chirp 심볼은 좋은 상관값을 지닌다. 따라서 BC DS-CDMA systems이라고 부르고자 한다. 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위해서, AWGN 잡음과 전력선상에 존재하는 할로겐 잡음에서의 성능을 비교 하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안한 방법이 기존 방법보다 더 나은 성능을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.1405-1412
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• 2015

최근 방송통신 및 비디오 코딩 기술의 급격한 발전으로 인해 3D 입체영상에 기반을 둔 실감 미디어 서비스의 요구는 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 이러한 요구는 가정 내 고정된 3DTV 뿐만 아니라 개인 스마트기기, 자동차, 철도, 그리고 선박과 같이 자유롭게 이동하는 무선 채널 환경에서도 반드시 만족되어야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 실감 미디어 서비스의 요구를 만족하기 위해 직접파가 반사파 보다 우세한 해양 라이시안 채널 환경을 고려하여 3D 입체영상을 전송한다. 또한 3D 입체영상은 일반적으로 V+D (Video plus Depth) 포맷을 통해 표현되기 때문에 이 포맷에 특성을 고려하여 계층 4/16-QAM을 적용한 비균등 오류보호 기법도 제안한다. 이는 아무리 수신 채널의 상태가 나쁜 선박이라도 중간에 끊어짐이 없이 방송서비스를 제공받을 수 있는 기술로 기대된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.474-478
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• 1999

Modulation of unscheduled DNA synthesis by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) after exposure to various chemical carcinogens was investigated in the primary rat hepatocytes. Unscheduled DNA synthesis was induced by treatment of such direct acting carcinogens as methly methanesulfonate (MMS) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) or procarcinogens including benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Unscheduled DNA synthesis was determined by measuring [methyl-3H]thymidine radioactivity incorporated into nuclear DNA of hepatocytes treated with carcinogens in the presence or absence of DHEA. Hydroxyurea $(5{\times}10^{-3} M)$was added to growth medium to selectively suppress normal replication. DHEA at concentrations ranging from $(1{\times}10^{-6} M)$ to$(5{\times}10^{-4} M)$ did not significantly inhibit unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by either MMS $(1{\times}10^{-4} M)$ or EMS $(1{\times}10^{-2} M)$. In contrast, DHEA-significantly inhibited unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by BaP $(6.5{\times}10^{-5} M)$ and DMBA.$(2{\times}10^{-5} M)$. DHEA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats was examined using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as an indicator of cytotoxicity. DHEA exhibit no significant increase in LDH release compared with the control at 18 h. These data suggest that nontoxic concentration of DHEA does not affect the DNA excision repair process, but it probably influence the enzymatic system responsible for the metabolic activation of procarcinogens and thereby decreases the amount of the effective DNA adducts formed by the ultimate reactive carcinogenic species.