• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2020

This study is a review on Risk analysis of foreign direct investments in innovative projects of Uzbekistan. The study will examine SWOT and PESTL analysis as an effective situation analysis tool which plays an important role in the fields of management, marketing, and in any fields of requiring strategic planning. SWOT is an analysis method used to evaluate the 'strengths', 'weaknesses', 'opportunities', 'threats' and PESTL is an analysis tool used for measuring the 'political', 'economical', 'social', 'technological' and 'low' risks involved in a various sphere of economy. In this study, firstly the essence of SWOT and PESTL analysis is explained, secondly the components of SWOT and PESTL analysis is examined. The paper includes risk analysis for further investigation to innovation sector of Uzbekistan economy.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2023

본 연구는 해외직구 시장이 급증하고 있으며 이에 따라 해외직구에 대한 소비자들의 관심이 증가되고 있는 상황에서 해외직구 이용경험 여부에 영향을 미치는 소비자 특성이 무엇인지 분석하였다. 연구 수행을 위하여 2022년 한국미디어패널조사 개인 데이터 자료를 활용했으며, 전체 응답자 9,941명 중 해외직구 이용 여부에 "예" 또는 "아니오"로 응답한 6,734명의 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 또한 한국미디어패널조사 항목 중에 세 가지 변인(인구통계적, 미디어 활용 현황, 가치관과 라이프스타일)을 선정하였다. 먼저, 분석대상자 6,734명에 대해서 일반적인 특성을 분석하였고, 해외직구 이용 여부에 따른 각 변인간 비교분석을 위해 카이제곱 검정과 평균차이 검정을 수행하였으며, 마지막으로 해외직구 이용 여부에 미치는 요인을 규명하기 위하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 인구통계적 변인 5개, 미디어 활용 현황 변인 3개, 가치관과 라이프스타일 변인 7개 중 각각 4개, 2개, 3개가 해외직구 이용의 결정적인 요인으로 도출되었다. 이러한 결과는 국내 쇼핑사이트에서 직구상품 판매를 위한 차별화된 서비스 제공 등 국내 쇼핑몰을 통한 소비자의 이용을 높일 수 있는 마케팅 전략을 수립하는데 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.88-109
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• 1998

The main purpose of this study is to compare the traditional cost system and ABC(Activity Based Cost) system of clinical laboratory department in a hospital. The study subject was 296 services in clinical laboratory from March, 1997 to August, 1997. In a new costing system, cost for a lab test consist of direct cost element, activity based cost element, and allocated common cost element. In a traditional cost system, cost elements included direct cost element and indirect cost allocated based on test volumes The major findings of this research were as follows. 1. In the application of ABC system, total cost was analyzed as follows. Direct cost was 39.3% of total cost. Activity cost and allocation were 20.9% and 39.8%, respectively. The results of analysis to use traditional cost system were as follows. Direct cost was 39.3% and it was as same as the result of direct cost of ABC system. Indirect cost was 60.7%. 2. Activities of clinical laboratory of subject hospital were registration, pre-test operation, test, test result handling, delivery, culture, post-test operation, technical support, management support, and educational support. 3. The differences of the case of higher number of test case being carried out, the cost of ABC system was lower than the cost of traditional cost system. Otherwise in the case of lower number of test case being carried out, the rests have not been appropriately evaluated, and effective management were needed in clinical laboratory.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.457-464
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• 2002

A finite element inverse analysis is utilized to consider forming effects of an S-rail on the assessment of the crashworthiness with small amount of computation time. A crash analysis can be directly performed after the inverse simulation of a forming process without a smoothing or remeshing scheme. The direct mesh mapping method is used to calculate an initial guess from a sliding constraint surface that is extracted from the die and punch set. Analysis results demonstrate that energy absorption of structures is increased when simulation considers forming effects of thickness variation and work hardening. The finite element inverse analysis is proved to be an effective tool in consideration of forming effects for the crash analysis.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2017

Purpose: This study questioned the efficiency of daylight factor as a daylight adequacy and investigated a method of how to complement its weakness by considering a direct sunlight component under a clear sky condition. Method: The Snowdon visitor centre cafe was chosen as a case study building and various techniques such as BRE formula, BRE sky protractor, Pilkington dot diagram and mock-upscale model under the artificial sky simulator were used to analyse and compare daylight factor values. An analysis of direct sunlight component under the clear sky condition was carried out by Climate Consultant 5.5, sun path diagram, and the artificial sky simulator. Result: The result of daylight factor analysis differed by the adopted techniques and it was also contradictory to the results on a direct sunlight penetration. The result not only showed the limitation of daylight factor as a metric but also suggested an improvement by combining it with direct sunlight analysis. The techniques used in this study had a merit of being applied in the early design stage and thus be beneficial to many design professions in order for early daylight performance analysis.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.24-36
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• 2018

Purpose - From establishing China-Japan diplomatic relations in 1972, the relations between two states has improved a lot, from which makes the government and the people reap much benefit. Owing to this reason, this paper aims at exploiting the impact of exchange rate volatility of RMB on China's foreign direct investment to Japan. Research design and methodology - The quarterly time series data from 2003 to 2016 will be employed to conduct an empirical analysis under the vector error correction model. Meanwhile, a menu of estimated methods such the Johansen co-integration test and the Granger Causality test will be also used to explore the impact of exchange rate volatility of RMB on China's foreign direct investment to Japan. Results - The empirical analysis results exhibit that the real exchange rate has a positive effect on China's foreign direct investment to Japan in the long run. Conversely, the real exchange rate volatility of RMB, the trade openness and the real GDP have a negative effect on China's foreign direct investment to Japan in the long run. However, in the short run, the China's foreign direct investment to Japan, the real exchange rate, the trade openness and the real GDP in period have a negative effect on China's foreign direct investment to Japan in period. Oppositely, the real exchange rate volatility of RMB in period has a positive effect on China's foreign direct investment to Japan in period. Conclusions - From the empirical evidences in this paper provided, it can be concluded that an increase in the exchange rate volatility of RMB can result in a decrease in the China's foreign direct investment to Japan in the long run. However, an increase in the exchange rate volatility of RMB can lead to an increase in the China's foreign direct investment to Japan in the short run. Therefore, the China's government should have a best control of the real exchange rate volatility of RMB so as to improve China's foreign direct investment to Japan.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2022

Purpose - In this paper, we, taking South Korea's foreign direct investment in RCEP partners as an example, will examine its investment efficiency in these countries and analyze the main influencing factors, making suggestions for further liberalizing and facilitating its investment in and even for promoting its trade and economic cooperation with them. Design/methodology - In this study, we look at the panel data of South Korea and the other 13 RCEP countries (Brunei excluded) from 2000 to 2019 and apply the stochastic frontier analysis to measure its foreign direct investment efficiency and explore the influencing factors in RCEP countries. We examine the investment potential of South Korea in these places. Findings - We find that South Korea's average investment efficiency in RCEP countries reached 0.62, indicating large investment potential. We also find that its investment efficiency in RCEP partners was heterogeneous. Our study reveals that South Korea's foreign direct investment is significantly positively correlated with the market size and population of the two countries, as well as with whether the host country has a coastline and rich natural resources, while negatively with geographic distance. It shows that free trade agreements, economic freedom, and regulatory quality play significant roles in improving investment efficiency. Originality/value - Through theoretical and empirical analysis, we deal with the efficiency and influencing factors of South Korea's direct investment in RCEP partners, proposing new drivers for facilitating its trade and investment in these countries and comprehensively evaluating the efficiency and revealing the trend of its FDI in these countries. In this paper, we put forward a solid theoretical basis for empirical analysis of the future economic and trade development between South Korea and its RCEP partners and give objective insights for further improving its foreign direct investment efficiency and tapping its investment potential.

• 복식
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• 제61권10호
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• pp.119-134
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• 2011

The present study proposes and tests an integrative model for global consumers to examine the relation among fashion marketing mix, brand attitude, brand loyalty, and purchase intention in the jeans market. The questionnaire surveys 692 consumers in the United States, China, and France. The statistical analysis methods that are used are as follows: frequency analysis, factor analysis, SEM analysis, and multi-group analysis. The results show that fashionability, perceived quality, and advertising have a direct and also a positive effect on brand attitude; however, advertising didn't have a direct effect on purchase intention. In addition, the results of the SEM analysis show that brand attitude leads to brand loyalty, while also showing a direct and indirect positive effect on purchase intention. Furthermore, the multi-group analysis reveals significant differences in SEM among countries such as the United States, China, and France.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2002

Copper (II) salts are used as metallizing agents in the synthesis of new non-genotoxic direct dyes for cotton. Specifically, cotton fabric is dyed with non-genotoxic disazo direct dyes and then treated with copper salts. The complexes are characterized by neutron activation analysis, absorption spectrometry and standard Salmonella mammalian mutagenicity assay, and the after-treated fabrics are evaluated for lightfastness and washfastness. Direct dyes possessing ortho-propoxy and ortho'-hydroxy substituted systems formed the corresponding nonmutagenic 1:2 dye:metal complex and undergo significant improvement in lightfastness following metallization.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.142-145
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• 2008

A finite element analysis has been conducted to simulate direct/indirect extrusion process for AZ31 Mg alloy at various ram and die speeds. Uniaxial compression test on AZ31 Mg alloy was carried out at various strain rates and temperatures and the result was used as input data fur finite element analysis. It was found that ram speed affects the distribution of dead zone area during direct extrusion. The inhomogeneous temperature and strain distributions through the thickness direction can be simulated under the various extrusion process conditions.