• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.21-31
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• 2009

Dipterans are excellent insects to serve as forensic indicators to determine the postmortem interval of a human corpse. Therefore, we undertook a study to identify the major dipterans that are attracted to and develop in vertebrate carcasses. To determine what dipterans occur in Korea, chicken carcasses were placed in various habitats including the forest, open field, stream bank, greenhouse, rooftop, rice paddy, Chinese cabbage field, vacant hut, and pond at different times of the year. The dipterans were collected at various time intervals after placement in each habitat until the end of decomposition and identified. Our results showed that 49 identified and unidentified dipteran species from 36 genera in 19 families were collected from the carcasses. Habitat placement influenced the number of species isolated from the carcasses. For example, 39 species were collected from the forest habitat, 28 species from the open field, stream bank, or greenhouse each, 16 species from a vacant home, and 12 species from the pond. The dipteran species that were collected from all habitats were Phaenicia sericata, Lucilia illustris, and Lucilia sp. in the family Calliphoridae and Boettcherisca peregrine in the family Sarcophagidae. Other dipteran species that were isolated depended on carcass placement that is, fewer dipteran species were observed from carcasses in the backpack and much more species were recorded from unburied carcasses than buried carcasses. P. sericata, L. illustris, Lucilia sp., B peregrine and an unidentified sarcophagid species were observed year round, but some dipterans showed seasonal differences.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2022

Xylophagids are a small group of dipterans with 133 known species worldwide except for in the Afrotropical region; they are composed of three subfamilies: Coenomyiinae, Rachicerinae and Xylophaginae. Their larvae are predatory and tend to be found under bark, soil or decaying wood. Hitherto, the following five species in three genera of Xylophagidae have been recorded in Korea: Anacanthaspis japonica Shiraki, Arthropeas sachalinensis Matsumura, Ar. sibirica Loew, Odontosabula czerskii (Pleske) and O. gloriosa Matsumura. In this paper, the awl fly genus Xylophagus Meigen, 1803 is reported from the Korean peninsula for the first time, based on the discovery of a newly recorded species, Xylophagus matsumurai Miyatake, 1965. Descriptions, illustrations of this previously unrecorded species and a key to the Korean species are provided herein.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.375-384
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• 1997

The effects of three different irrigating water qualities(clean water, life sewage and animal sewage) on the pattern of arthropod communities in the rice fields were investigated at Banwol, Kyonggi-do, mid-western part of Korea from 1994 to 1996. The total density of arthropod was highest in the rice field which was irrigated with clean water(clean water field), and the arthropod community was mainly composed of aphids and collembolans. Each functional group was found in the order of 'pests>non-pests>natural enemies' in its density. The dominant taxa in the pest group were aphids, planthoppers(Delphacidae), leafhoppers(Cicadelidae) and rice water weevil(L. oryzophilus). In the non-pest group collembolans, non-biting midges and dipterans were main arthropods, and in the natural enemy group Araneae was the dominant taxon. In the early growth stage of rice plant the dominant functional group was pests, and in the mid growth stage both the pest and the natural enemy group became dominant. But in the late growth stage none of the functional group was dominant over the other functional groups. The densities of spiders were much more higher in the clean water field than in the other fields. And through all the growth stages of rice plants the density of spiders in clean water field kept increase in contrast to the others. The species composition of spiders in the life sewage field was similar to that in the animal sewage field, but in the clean water field it was different from the other two fields.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.155-196
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• 2001

Basically insect hormones include ecdysteroids (molting hormone), juvenile hormones, and neurohormones comprising neuropeptides and biogenic amines. This article reviewed their chemical structures and biological functions. The active molting hormone is 20-hydroxyecdysone in most insects but makisterone A in some other insects including the honey bee and several phytophagous hemipterans. Most insects use JH III, but lepidopterans JH I and II. Dipterans also use a different JH, so-called JH $B_3$(JH III bisepoxide) and we still do not know the exact chemical structure of JH utilized in hemipterans. Some other insects use methyl farnesoate or hydroxylated JH III analogues as their juvenile hormone. Most diverse pictures can be found in neurohormones (NH), especially in neuropeptides, in terms of their number and structure. There are more than 200 neuropeptides (NP), classified into more than 30 families, which structures have been identified, and more of them are expected to be reported in the near future, partly due to rapid development in molecular biological techniques and in analytical techniques. More than half of them are involved in controlling activity of visceral muscles. But function (s) of many NPs are not clarified yet, even though their amino acid sequences have been identified. It is partly due to the fact that a single NP may have multiple functions. Another interesting point is their gene structure, having many number of independent, active peptides in one gene, apparently working for similar or totally different functions. NH also includes amines, such as octopamine, dopamine, serotonin, etc. From now on, investigation will be concentrated on identifying their function (s) and receptors, and on possibilities of their utilization as control agents against pest insects.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.171-174
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• 2014

Agriculture in Bangladesh is slowly transforming to the production of high-value fruit and vegetable crops to satisfy the nutrient requirements of their large size population, and this transformation is creating new challenges as regards improving and maintaining the productivity and crop quality. The country has a declining trend of insect pollinators due to habitat loss, land use changes, monoculture-dominated agriculture, and the excessive and indiscriminate use of pesticides. Such pollinator deficiencies can cause reduced yields, thereby threatening the subsistence of marginal farmers. In Bangladesh, growers enjoy free pollination services from the naturally occurring insect populations. While honeybees pollinate mustard, onions, and melons, many other hymenopterans, coleopterans, hemipterans, dipterans, and thysanopterans also visit the crop fields, making these insects significant for the food security, environment, and economy of the nation. Therefore, attention should be given to public policy, research, and human resource development that promotes knowledge and appreciation of the conservation and utilization of insect pollinators.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Background: Fish body size is a major determinant of freshwater trophic interactions, yet only a few studies have explored the relationship between the fish body size and trophic interactions in river upstream. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the body size and trophic position (TP) of Coreoperca kawamebari (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) in an upstream of the Geum River. Results: A stable isotope analysis (based on δ¹⁵N) was used to determine the TP based on the body size of C. kawamebari. The regression analysis (n = 33, f = 63.840, r² = 0.68) clearly showed the relationship between the body length and TP of C. kawamebari. The TP of C. kawamebari was clearly divided by body size into the following classes: individuals of size < 10 cm that feed on insects and individuals of size > 10 cm feed on juvenile fish. This selective feeding is an evolutionarily selective tendency to maximize energy intake per unit time. Furthermore, the diet shift of C. kawamebari was led by different spatial distributions. The littoral zone was occupied by individuals of size < 10 cm, and those of size > 10 cm were mainly in the central zone. The littoral zone can be assumed to be enriched with food items such as ephemeropterans and dipterans. Conclusion: The TP of C. kawamebari, as a carnivorous predator, will have a strong influence on biotic interactions in the upstream area of the Geum River, which can lead to food web implication.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.191-205
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• 2012

Because insect visitors was different depending on decomposition stage, dipterans occurred on chicken carcasses depending on postmortem intervals were compared by abandoned sites and decomposition from a serial study on arthropod occurrence from carcasses as forensic indicator. Species occurrence and decomposition of carcasses were different depending on abandoned sites (forest hill, open field, stream, greenhouse and roof), seasons (spring, summer, fall and winter), and situation (burying and non-burying). Development of carcass decomposition was faster at all sites in summer, carcass in greenhouse in winter, and unburied carcasses. Although visiting time of blow flies (Calliphoridae) (Phaenicia sericata, Lucilia illustris, Lucilia sp., Chrysomyia pinguis, and Chrysomyia megacephala) was different depending on abandoned season, their adults were generally collected from carcasses within 2 days. However, there were no visited flies at fresh stage of buried carcasses. The flesh flies (Sarcophagidae) were collected from all sites and seasons, and much faster from unburied carcasses than buried carcasses. Those were collected earlier from carcasses in greenhouse than other sites and occurrence was also shorter. In greenhouse, occurrence time of flesh flies were different depending on season; spring and summer - from fresh to active decay stage, fall - fresh to active decay stage, and winter - advanced decay to remains stage. Calliphora lata, Tricerotopyga calliphoroides, and Aldrichana grahami were dominant species and occurrences were different from other flies. These flies were active mainly from fresh to active stage. Larvae of sarcophagid flies were occurred earlier than those of calliphorid flies on buried carcasses.