• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.699-705
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• 2020

In this study, a facial way to enhance the electrical properties of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) via the solution process doping method based on the poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4'-(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl) diphenylamine)] (TFB) as a hole transporting layer (HTL) is demonstrated. In the TFB solution of the hole transport material, 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) was doped by 3 wt% to improve the electrical properties of the HTL. According, the OLED with HAT-CN doped TFB showed the increased current density and luminance at the same driving voltage on behalf of the improved conductivity of HTL, and the reduced turn-on voltage from 13 V to 9 V. Furthermore, the maximum external quantum efficiency was dramatically increased three times from 3.6 to 10.8 % compared to the reference device without appling doping methode.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-20
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• 2012

Novel star-shaped imide compounds containing electron-donating triphenylamine and/or electron-withdrawing bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl side groups were synthesized via a two-step process. First, 3,6-dibromo-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (2B4BA) was reacted with 4-aminophenyl (diphenylamine) (ATPA) or 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline (6FA) by imide reaction. Then, Suzuki coupling reaction was carried out on these compounds with 4-(N,N-diphenylamino)-1-phenyl boronic acid (BTPA) or 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl boronic acid (6FBB), resulting in 3,6-bis[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]-N,N'-bis[4-(diphenylamino) phenyl]-pyromellitimide (TPTPPI), 3,6-bis[3,5-bis(trifluoro methyl) phenyl]-N,N'-bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-pyro mellitimide (6F6FPI) or 3,6-bis[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]-N,N'-bis[3,5-bistrifluoromethyl)phenyl]-pyromellitimide (6FTPPI). The imide compounds obtained were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, DSC, TGA, melting point analyzer, EA, and solubility measurements. In addition, their optical and electrical properties were evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). 6F6FPI exhibited deep blue emission (443 nm), along with high $T_m$ ($382^{\circ}C$) and relatively high $T_g$ ($148^{\circ}C$).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 1992

An the livestock production in Japan is industrialized, a tremendous amount of animal wastes is being produced annually, resulting in serious environmental pollution problems. Animal wastes could be pollutants, but they are also important sources of fertilizer nutrients and organic matter. Composting is an effective way of promoting the increased utilization of animal wastes. The characterization of maturing process during composting is important in order to improve the composting technology and to develop and efficient method to estimate the degree of maturity. The rise and fall in temperature, and changes in the constituents of the compost, reflect the maturing process and may serve as indicators for maturation. In addition, the detection of nitrate by diphenylamine, the determination of cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and the germination test, are also recommended as the methods of estimating the degree of maturity. The heavy applications of animal manure and compost may cause an adverse effect on soils and crops. When excess manure is applied, the nitrogen will be accumulated in soil, resulting in accumulation of nitrate in crops and pollution of the groundwater. Guidelines for application rates are recommended, to maintain soil productivity and quality of crops, and to prevent the environmental pollution.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1192-1198
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• 2004

Hole transporting polymer(poly［N-(p-diphenylamine)phenylmethacrylamide］, PDPMA) was doped with nile red dye at various concentrations to study the influence of doping on the energy transfer during light emitting processes. Organic LEDs composed of ITO/blend(PDPMA -nile red)/ Alq$_3$/Al as well as thin films of blend(PDPMA -nile red)/ Alq$_3$ were manufactured for investigating photoluminescence, electroluminescence, and current-voltage characteristics. Atomic Force Microscopy was also used to observe surface morphology of the blend films. It was found that such doping. significantly influences the efficiency of the energy transfer from the Alq$_3$ layer to blended layer and the optical/electrical properties could be optimized by choosing the right concentration of the dye molecule. The results also showed a interesting correlation with the morphological aspect, i.e. the optimum luminescence at the concentration with the least surface roughness. When the concentration of nile red was 0.8 wt%, the maximum energy transfer could be achieved.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2019

It is well known that nitroglycerin(NG) may evaporate and migrate from the triple base propellant grains in storage. This physical process makes it double base environment to the CCC(combustible cartridge case) which is based on nitrocellulose(NC) without NG. Meanwhile, it is not appropriate to use diphenylamine(DPA) as a stabilizer for CCC in this double base environment because of incompatibility between DPA and NG. So we estimated the shelf life to study the effect of NG migration from propellant to CCC by following the procedures in the STANAG 4257. And we found out that CCC with ethylcentralite(ECL) has 7.5 years longer shelf life than with DPA, when NG migrates to CCC from triple base propellant grains.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.26.1-26.5
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• 2012

Adverse side-effects and lack of scientific validation of some chemotherapeutic agents prevent the use of many traditional medicines claimed to have anti-cancer effects. Ethanolic extract of Conium maculatum has long been used in traditional and alternative systems of medicine including homeopathy for the treatment of glandular enlargements, cancerous tumours or hard lumps of testicles, prostate, ovaries, breasts and/ or uterus, particularly in the breast. However, if and how it acts still remains scientifically unknown. This study aims to test if Conium extract (CE), used as mother tincture of Conium in homeopathy, has demonstrable anti-cancer potentials without having much cytotoxicity in normal cells. Cytotoxicity of the drug was tested by conducting MTT assay on both normal (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and HeLa cells. We also evaluated DNA fragmentation and DNA damage by DAPI and diphenylamine assay. The LDH activity assay was done to evaluate the percentages of apoptosis and necrosis. ROS accumulation also was evaluated to pin-point the actual events of apoptosis. Administration of drug clearly demonstrated its anti-cancer potentials as evidenced by the DNA damage analysis. The ROS activity also increased in case of the CE treated cells. LDH data revealed that the mode of cell death was mainly apoptotic and not necrotic. CE appears to induce apoptosis of cancer cells through ROS mediated pathway, and has negligible cytotoxicity against normal cells.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.36-42
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• 2014

Domestic 105mm HE (High Explosive) shell is composed of three parts that are Fuze, Projectile and Propellants. Among three parts, propelling charge of propellants part consists of single base propellants. It has been known that the lifespan of single base propellants is affected by a storage period. These are because Nitrocellulose (NC) which is the main component of propelling gunpowder can be naturally decomposed to unstable substances similar with other nitric acid ester. Even though it cannot be prevented fundamentally from being disassembled, a decomposition product ($NO_2$, $NO_3$, and $HNO_3$) and tranquillizer DPA (Diphenylamine) having high reactivity are added into a propellant to restrain induction of automatic catalysis by a decomposition product. The decay rate of the tranquillizer is also affected by a production rate of the decomposition product of NC. Therefore, an accurate prediction of the Self-Life is required to ensure against risks such as explosion. Hereupon, this paper presents a new methodology to estimate the shelf-life of single base propellants using data of ASRP (Ammunition Stockpile Reliability Program) to domestic 105mm HE (propelling charge of propellants part). We selected four attributes that are inferred to have influence on distribution of the DPA amount in a propellant from the ASRP dataset through data mining processes. Then the selected attributes were used as independent variables in a regression analysis in order to estimate the shelf-life of single base propellants.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 1974

Secondary amines are known as one of the precursors of nitrosamines which are potent carcinogenic compounds of man and animals. Nitrosamines are formed when both secondary amines and nitrite are present. The nitrites are occurred naturally in vegetables, fruits and many others, and frequently used in fish product as a color fixative or a preservative. In this paper, to know the formation of nitrosamines in fish meat, the changes of dimethylamine (DMA) content during the heat treatment such as drying, roasting and fish cake processing are discussed. The results showed that generally DMA increased considerably during heat processing. During drying, DMA in cuttle fish increased 16 times higher, while in Alaska pollack doubled than the fresh. In the roasted mackerel, the DMA content appeared 6 times higher than the fresh, while 9 times higher in canning. In fish cake from yellow corvenia, DMA increased 4 times higher than the fresh. On the contrary diethylamine and diphenylamine were not found in this experiment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.142-149
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• 2013

Among ammunitions which are stored in a war field, the lifespan of propelling gunpowder is affected by storage environment such as storage temperature, humidity, and exposure to sunlight. These are because Nitrocellulose (NC) which is the main component of propelling gunpowder can be naturally disassembled to unstable substances similar with other nitric acid ester. We can't prevent it fundamentally from being disassembled, but to restrain induction of automatic disassembly by decomposition product, a decomposition product ($NO_2$, $NO_3$, and $HNO_3$) and tranquillizer DPA (Diphenylamine), having high reactivity, are added into a propellant. For this, it will decrease the velocity of tranquillizer which can also affect the velocity of producing the decomposition product of NC, storage temperature or humidity of propelling gunpowder is higher, drop of tranquillizer content is much faster. Therefore, to extend storage lifespan of propelling gunpowder, it is really important to control storage temperature or humidity inside the magazine. Hereupon, according to the manufacture of small scale model magazine and the result of performing experiments and measuring variation of inside temperature (storage temperature), using roof types that have a steel slate structure of magazine among ground magazines, this research shows the differences in details.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 2008

The following series of blue EL polymers was synthesized using the Suzuki polymerization method: poly(3',6'-bis(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-9,9'-spirobifluorene-2,7-diyl) poly[$(OC_{10})_2$-spirobifluorene], poly{3',6'-bis(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-9,9'-2,7-diyl-co-4-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy) phenyl-diphenylamine-4',4'-diyl} poly[$(OC_{10})_2$-spirobifluorene-TPA] (5:1, 9:1) and poly{3',6'-bis(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-9,9'-spirobifluorene-2,7-diyl-co-4-(6-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methoxy)hexyloxyphenyl-bisphenylamine-4',4'-diyl) poly[$(OC_{10})_2$-spirobifluorene-TPA-oxetane]. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity of the resulting polymers ranged from $1.6{\times}10^4-1.5{\times}10^5$ and 1.77-2.31, respectively. The resulting polymers were completely soluble in common organic solvents and were easily spin-coated onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The polymers exhibited strong blue emission peaking at 450 nm. The maximum brightness and luminance efficiency were $9,960\;cd/m^2$ and 1.2 cd/A, respectively.