• Title/Summary/Keyword: Dimension-to-Dimension

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Food and nutrient intake status of Korean elderly by perceived anxiety and depressive condition: data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013~ 2015 (한국 노인의 주관적 불안·우울 상태에 따른 식품 및 영양소 섭취 실태 : 2013~ 2015년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여)

  • Kim, Da-Mee;Kim, Kyung-Hee
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.58-72
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: This study examined the food and nutrient intake of Korean elderly according to the anxiety and depressive condition using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) from 2013 to 2015. Methods: The participants were 3,504 elderly people over 65 years of age (1,523 in men and, 1,981 in women). The dietary information was analyzed using the 24-hour recall data. The anxiety and depressive state was assessed using the self-reported scale EQ-5D in the quality of life dimension. The subjects were divided into the anxiety depression group (AD) and non-anxiety depression group (NAD) according to their anxiety and depressive conditions. Results: In the male elderly, the AD group had a significantly lower education and economic level and higher proportion in living alone than the NAD group. The percentage of eating lunch and dinner alone in the male AD group was higher than that of the NAD group. The female AD group showed less a lower frequency of dinner than the NAD group. The male AD group had a lower consumption of total foods, fish and shellfishes, seaweeds, mushrooms, oils and fats, and seasonings than the NAD group. With regard to the nutrient intake, the male elderly NAD group had more sufficient nutrient intakes than the AD group. In particular, the daily intakes of dietary fiber, riboflavin, niacin, potassium and iron were significantly lower in the AD group. To compare with the nutrient density of the two groups, the vitamin C and niacin intakes were lower in the AD group than in the NAD group. Overall, the nutritional status of the male AD group was significantly lower than that of the NAD group. Meanwhile, the female elderly had showed a smaller difference in nutrient intake according to their anxiety and depressive condition. Conclusion: These results of this study show that more nutritional education and emotional support are needed to improve the nutritional status and health of the male elderly with anxiety or depression.

A Study on Noju Oh Hui-sang's account of Nature and Principle(songli性理) - focusing on Horak Controversy in the early 19th century (노주(老洲) 오희상(吳熙常)의 성리설(性理說) 연구(硏究) - 19세기 전반기의 호락논쟁에 유의하여 -)

  • Park, Hak-rae
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.54
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    • pp.349-386
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    • 2014
  • Noju Oh Hui-sang(1763-1833) is one of the neo-Confucian scholars representing with Hong Chik-pil the Kiho-Nak School from the late 18th to the early 19th century. He did sincerely not only succeed theories of Kiho School originated from Yulgok, but also strengthened the main view of the Nak faction by clarifying the theoretical stance of it derived from Kim Chang-hyop. Not only he does suggest critical points of view against Ho faction in terms of Horak Controversy, but also criticizes heterodox account, which raised by an inner circle of Nak faction. In this vein, Oh established the neo-Confucian ways of realization of morality and ideal society by setting up his own points of view on mind and bright virtues that are followed by various issues of Horak Controversy. My paper will examine the values of Oh's account of Nature-Principle in the light of intellectual historical context by paying a special attention to his critical views of Ho faction. Oh's main idea is how to systematize practical foundation of realizing morality. Thus, he wants to theoretically explain both the practice of morality and the reality of pure moral mind in order to establish concrete practices of them in the real world. In doing so, he pays attention to mutual inclusive relationship between Principle and Matter(ki:氣). The mutual inclusive relationship between them can be exactly applied into the relationship between mind and Nature. So, the realityof moral principle explicitly implies the pure goodness of moral agency. Furthermore, his elucidation of logical relationship between mind and Nature and its values via the ontological understanding of them is to set up a system of cultivation, i.e., realizing practical foundation of pure moral mind. In conclusion, we can evaluate that Oh's account of Nature-Principle, at least, aims not only at establishment of moral agency and its reality in a theoretical dimension, but also at a guarantee of their realization in the world.

About the Multi-layered Communication of Princess Pari on the Webtoon Platform of Daum -Focusing on Analysis of Narrative Structure and Comments (Daum 웹툰 <바리공주>를 통해 본 고전 기반 웹툰 콘텐츠의 다층적 대화 양상 -서사구조와 댓글 분석을 중심으로)

  • Choe, Key-Sook
    • Journal of Popular Narrative
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.303-345
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    • 2019
  • This article analyzes the multi-layered communication in the Webtoon Princess Pari, released on the Daum portal site, created (written and illustrated) by Kim Naim, through analyzing the narrative structure and comments with the qualitative / quantitative methodology. The webtoon Princess Pari is structured in an omnibus style in which unit narratives are intermittently articulated, multi-lined, and interconnected. As integrated narratives which link with unitary narratives, Pari's growth story as a shaman and a romance narrative are structured. The classical original story of the shaman was used as a prehistory corresponding to the prequel of the webtoon through a preview, and the writer restructured the narrative to overcome the contradictions of the gender asymmetry and the patriarchal ideology of the original text. The viewer then creates a conversational space by giving critical and reflective comments. According to a statistical analysis conducted through sampling, the types of comments can be classified as follows: Appreciation and criticism of the contents ≫ Emotional response ≫ Intuitive overall review ≫ Knowledge and reflection ≫ Comments on comments. In the process of creation and acceptance of the Webtoon, a multi-layered dialogue between classical and modern, content and audience, acceptance and creation has been at play. In the creation dimension, the writer used a device to fill the gap of mythical symbols of the contents. At the level of the audience, they formed a culture of sharing information, knowledge, and reflection about tradition/folk/culture through comments. This corresponds to classical and modern dialogue through the webtoon. The viewers form a sympathetic bond, attempt hermeneutical coordination, supplement the information, and search for a balanced angle through controversial conversation. In addition, by commenting on attitudes, views, and perspective, the commentators showed a behavioral pattern corresponding to meta-criticism in literature. The viewers' comments acted as feedback on the creation of the webtoons, so that the creation and acceptance itself influenced the production of the content of the webtoon. The webtoon Princess Pari, which was based on Korean classical narrative, has been reorganized onto 'moving and dynamic' content, which leads to sense, thinking, criticism and reflection through the formation of various dialogues.

Dentofacial changes of non-orthodontically treated female patients with TMJ disk displacement: a longitudinal cephalometric study (교정 치료를 받지 않은 측두하악관절원반변위가 있는 여성 환자의 두부계측방사선사진을 이용한 안모 및 치열 변화 연구)

  • Han, Jung-Woo;Kim, Tae-Woo
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.40 no.6
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    • pp.398-410
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    • 2010
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in dentofacial morphology of non-orthodontically treated female patients with TMJ disk displacement. Methods: The sample consisted of 25 Korean female patients with bilateral TMJ disk displacement who visited the Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 1996 to 2006. Disk displacements were diagnosed using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of both TMJs. Baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2) lateral cephalograms were analyzed. The mean age of samples at T1 was $18.1{\pm}3.5$ years (range 14.2 - 25.8 years) and at T2, $21.1{\pm}3.5$ years (range 16.2 - 28.0 years). The mean observation period was $3.0{\pm}1.9$ years. Descriptive statistics for each variable were calculated at baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2) stages, and during the observation period (T2-T1). Results: Skeletal changes were found in 64% of the non-orthodontically treated female patients with TMJ disk displacement during the observation period. The L1 to Mandibular plane distance (mm) increased significantly by 0.8 mm (p < 0.01). But there were no significant differences in the other dental relationship variables (overjet, overbite, U1 to palatal plane) during the observation period. Most patients with skeletal changes showed a backward rotation of the mandible. The ratio of the rotation was a decrease of SNB by $0.43^{\circ}$ for every $1^{\circ}$ increase of FMA (Spearman rho = -0.660, P < 0.01). A few patients showed a distal shift of the mandible without rotation or significant changes in the vertical dimension. Conclusions: During observation periods without orthodontic treatment, non-growing patients with TMJ disk displacement showed dentoskeletal changes, mainly backward rotation of the mandible.

Craniofacial morphologic alteration induced by bone-targeted mutants of FGFR2 causing Apert and Crouzon syndrome (어퍼트 및 크루즌 증후군을 유발하는 골조직 특이성 FGFR2 돌연변이에 의한 두개안면 형태의 변화)

  • Lee, Kee-Joon;Nah, Hyun-Duck;Tjoa, Stephen T. J.;Park, Young-Chel;Baik, Hyoung-Seon;Yun, Tae-Min;Song, Jin-Wook
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.284-294
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    • 2006
  • Objective: Activating mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) have been shown to cause syndromic craniosynostosis such as Apert and Crouzon syndromes. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the resultant phenotypes induced by the two distinctive bone-targeted gene constructs of FGFR2, Pro253Arg and Cys278Phe, corresponding to human Apert and Crouzon syndromes respectively. Methods: Wild type and a transgenic mouse model with normal FGFR2 were used as controls to examine the validity of the microinjection. Micro-CT and morphometric analysis on the skull revealed the following results. Results: Both Apert and Crouzon mutants of FGFR2 induced fusion of calvarial sutures and anteroposteriorly constricted facial dimension, with anterior crossbite present only in Apert mice. Apert mice differed from Crouzon mice and transgenic mice with normal FGFR2 in the anterior cranial base flexure and calvarial flexure angle which implies a possible difference in the pathogenesis of the two mutations. In contrast, the transgenic mice with normal FGFR2 displayed normal craniofacial phenotype. Conclusion: Apert and Crouzon mutations appear to lead to genotype-specific phenotypes, possibly causing the distinctive sites and sequence of synostosis in the calvaria and cranial base. The exact function of the altered FGFR2 at each suture needs further investigation.

Study on Internationality of Japanese Modern Print in the World Print (세계 현대 판화속의 일본 현대판화의 국제성 연구)

  • Kim, Seung-Yeon;Shin, Ji-Yeon
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.37
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    • pp.413-437
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    • 2014
  • As the public Japanese art, print can be said to have started from Ukiyo-e print of Edo period(江戶時代, 1603~1867). Ukiyo-e(浮世繪) print, which 3 persons jointly produce, henceforth has gradually declined since the meiji period(明治時代, 1868~1912) due to the development of new print technique and introduction of western art. Since then, during the daiso period(大正時代 1912~1926), creative print movement grew up. Creative print is, differently from Ukiyo-e print, to be produced by one person, from the original picture to print, focusing on creating the artist's own work by being the main agent of the work. During before and after 1900s, print was evaluated low in Japan, compared to western painting, sculpture, etc. Nevertheless, the facts that several Japanese print artists received awards from international exhibits since 1950s became a big topic internationally, which became an opportunity to hold Tokyo International Print Biennale in 1957 in Japan, the first international art festival. From then on, print was recognized as an art genre while new recognition on it was gradually accepted also in Japan. In 1970, a controversy on it arose, while the characteristic of print as a medium of modern art became strong, accordingly, a controversy on it arose. However, in 1980, it firmly established itself as an art genre by overcoming the crisis through various efforts in the dimension of print artists and university education. Since then, print artists who produce new works with completeness by applying traditional technique and modern expression mode emerged, and until now Japanese modern print art is highly recognized by the world through the continuous overseas activities, research on print art, and cultivation of young print artists. This research looked back on the historical process when Japanese modern print art was created, which represents Asia, and investigated the cause that it could have win an international fame.

Regional load deflection rate of multiloop edgewise archwire (Multiloop edgewise arch wire의 부위별 하중변형률)

  • Kim, Byoung-Ho;Yang, Won-Sik
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.29 no.6 s.77
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    • pp.673-688
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted in order to analyze the mechanical characteristics of multiloop edgewise archwire (MEAW). The purposes were 1) to compare load deflection rate (LDR) of MEAW with that of various other arch wires in the individual interbracket span, 2) to compare the wire stiffness in the interbracket span with that in the multi-L-loop region (the span from distal border of the bracket of the lateral incisor to the mesial border of the buccal tube of the second molar), and 3) to verify the experimental results with theoretically derived formula. The single L-loops of five different horizontal lengths and multi-L-loops for the upper and lower arches were made out of .$016\times.022$ permachrome stainless steel wire. Straight segment of plain stainless steel, TMA and NiTi wire of the same dimension were prepared. The LDR was measured using Instron model 4466 with the load cell of 50N capacity at cross head speed of 1.0mm/min, and maximum deflection of 1.0mm. Five specimens were tested under each experimental condition. The wire stiffness number for each interbracket region and multi-L-loop region was calculated from the LDR and the interbracket spans. By dividing the theoretical model of multi-L-loop into 35 linear segments, the energy stored in each segment was obtained. Then the LDR and wire stiffness of single L-loop and multi-L-loop were calculated and compared. The findings were as follows : 1) The average LDR of MEAW in the individual interbracket region was 1/1.53 of that of the NiTi,1/2.47 of TMA and 1/5.16 of the plain stainless steel wire. 2) The wire stiffness of MEAW in the multi-L-loop region was 1.53 times larger than that in the interbracket region, and the LDR was almost twice as large as that of NiTi in that region. 3) According to the theoretically derived equation, the wire stiffness of the single L-loop was lower than that of multi-L-loop. The results of this study suggest that MEAW has the unique mechanical Property which could allow individual tooth movement and transmit elastic force effectively through the entire arch wire.

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Physiological Responses of One-year-old Zelkova serrata Makino Seedlings to Ozone in Open-top Chamber (Open-top chamber 내(內)에서 오존에 폭로(暴露)시킨 1년생(年生) 느티나무(Zelkova serrata Makino) 묘목(苗木)의 생리적(生理的) 반응(反應)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Hyun Seok;Lee, Kyung Joon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.84 no.4
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    • pp.424-431
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    • 1995
  • This study was conducted to evaluate resistance and physiological responses of Zelkova serrata Makino seedlings to ozone in open-top chamber. One-year-old seedlings of Zelkova serrata were planted in pots in April and grown in greenhouse until August. The plants were transferred into two out-door open-top chambers with a dimension of 2.0 m in diameter and 2.0 m in height. First chamber served as a control and was supplied with ambient air. Ozone was added to the second chamber for 5 hours per day(10.00 AM-15.00 PM) for 23 consecutive days at 0.1 ppm. Each chamber housed 70 pots. Every two, three or five days after initiation of exposure, ten pots were randomly removed from the chamber and determined for the contents of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and ${\beta}$-carotene in the leaves. Photosynthesis and dark respiration were estimated by measuring $CO_2$ absorption in a gas exchange chamber and oxygen absorption by oxygen monitoring system, respectively. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in the leaves was assayed by a xanthine oxidase method. First visible injury of translucent(water-soaked looking) spots appeared on the leaves 14 days after the initial exposure, and ozone accelerated senescence of old leaves. Contents of chlorophyll a and b decreased by 17%, and 31%, respectively, in ozone treatment two days after exposure. The decrease in chlorophyll b was greater than that of chlorophyll a. Content of ${\beta}$-carotene in ozone treatment decreased by 25% two days after initiation of exposure, but the reduction was recovered with time. Photosynthesis decreased by 45%, and the respiration increased by 28% in the ozone treatment. SOD activity started to increase 4 days after beginning of exposure and increased by 285% 7 days after exposure, and decreased to the level below the control treatment with the advancement of the visible injury.

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Affective Effect of Video Playback Style and its Assessment Tool Development (영상의 재생 스타일에 따른 감성적 효과와 감성 평가 도구의 개발)

  • Jeong, Kyeong Ah;Suk, Hyeon-Jeong
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.103-120
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    • 2016
  • This study investigated how video playback styles affect viewers' emotional responses to a video and then suggested emotion assessment tool for playback-edited videos. The study involved two in-lab experiments. In the first experiment, observers were asked to express their feelings while watching videos in both original playback and articulated playback simultaneously. By controlling the speed, direction, and continuity, total of twelve playback styles were created. Each of the twelve playback styles were applied to five kinds of original videos that contains happy, anger, sad, relaxed, and neutral emotion. Thirty college students participated and more than 3,800 words were collected. The collected words were comprised of 899 kinds of emotion terms, and these emotion terms were classified into 52 emotion categories. The second experiment was conducted to develop proper emotion assessment tool for playback-edited video. Total of 38 emotion terms, which were extracted from 899 emotion terms, were employed from the first experiment and used as a scales (given in Korean and scored on a 5-point Likert scale) to assess the affective quality of pre-made video materials. The total of eleven pre-made commercial videos which applied different playback styles were collected. The videos were transformed to initial (un-edited) condition, and participants were evaluated pre-made videos by comparing initial condition videos simultaneously. Thirty college students evaluated playback-edited video in the second study. Based on the judgements, four factors were extracted through the factor analysis, and they were labelled "Happy", "Sad", "Reflective" and "Weird (funny and at the same time weird)." Differently from conventional emotion framework, the positivity and negativity of the valence dimension were independently treated, while the arousal aspect was marginally recognized. With four factors from the second experiment, finally emotion assessment tool for playback-edited video was proposed. The practical value and application of emotion assessment tool were also discussed.

Relationships between Texture and Physical Properties of Jurassic Unagsan and Cretaceous Sogrisan Granites (쥬라기 운악산 및 백악기 속리산 화강암류의 조직과 물성과의 관계)

  • Yun Hyun-Soo;Park Deok-Won;Hong Sei-Sun;Kim Ju-Yong;Yang Dong-Yoon;Chang Soobum
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.15 no.2 s.42
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    • pp.169-184
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    • 2005
  • Unagsan and Sogrisan granites are widely distributed in the northern Gyeonggi massif and middle Ogcheon belt, respectively, and they show different petrologic characteristics as follows. The former has compact textures and light grey colors, and the latter has spotted miarolitic textures and pink colors. Most of the samples selected for tests are fresh and coarse-grained. And bored core samples were prepared so that they are vertical to the rift plane. The results of modal analysis show that Unagsan granite has significantly higher quartz and plagioclase contents (Qz+Pl) than Sogrisan granite. In contrast, alkali feldspar content (Af) of Sogrisan granite is much higher than that of Unagsan granite. Therefore, it is believed that the light grey colors of Unagsan granite are due to relatively high Qz+Pl, and the pink colors of Sogrisan granite are caused by higher Af. Fractures in Sogrisan granite have strongly perpendicular strike patterns and more dip values close to vertical compared with the fractures in Unagsan granite. Results of the fracture pattern analysis suggest that the Sogrisan granite has better potential to produce dimension stones than the Unagsan granite. However, miarolitic textures often found in the Sogrisan granite may be one of the factors reducing the granite quality. The Unagsan and Sogrisan granites have similar specific gravity values of 2.60 and 2.57, respectively. Absorption ratios and porosity values of Sogrisan granite are higher than those of Unagsan granite, and they shows linearly positive correlations. Compressive and tensile strengths of the Unagsan granite are generally higher than those of Sogrisan granite. These differences and variation trends found in physical properties of Unagsan and Sogrisan granite can be explained by the differences in the textures of Unagsan and Sogrisan granites, namely compact and miarolitic textures respectively. For Unagsan granite, compressive and tensile strengths are negatively correlated with porosity but for Sogrisan granite no specific correlations are found. This is probably due to the irregular dispersion patterns of miarolitic textures formed during the later stages of magmatic processes. Contrary to the trends found in absorption ratios, both granites have similar values of abrasive hardness, which can be explained by higher Qz+Af of the Sogrisan granite than those of the Unagsan granite and that quartz and alkali feldspar have relatively larger hardness values. For Sogrisan granite, compressive strength shows slightly positive correlations with Qz+Af+Pl and negative correlations with biotite and accessory mineral contents (Bt+Ac).