• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.313-320
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 피부 상재균에 대한 니아울리 잎 추출물의 항균활성을 조사하였다. 실험에 사용한 피부 상재균의 종류는 그람 양성균인 Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)와 그람 음성균인 Escherichia coli (E. coli) 및 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), 효모균인 Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale)이다. 이들 피부 상재균에 대한 니아울리 잎추출물 또는 분획의 항균활성은 disc diffusion assay 및 broth dilution assay 측정법으로 평가하였다. 실험결과 피부 상재균인 B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. acnes, E. coli 및 P. aeruginosa에 대한 니아울리 잎 50% 에탄올 추출물의 최소성장억제농도(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)는 각각 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.00%, 0.13% 및 0.25%, 물 분획에서의 MIC는 0.25%, 0.25%, 4,00%, 0.25% 및 0.25%를 나타내었다. 하지만 P. ovale인 비듬균에 대해서는 항균활성을 나타내지 않았다. 비교 물질로 사용한 메틸 파라벤의 MIC는 각각 0.25%, 0.25%, 0.25%, 0.13% 및 0.50%를 나타내었다. 추출물의 상재균에 대한 최소사멸농도(minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC)는 50% 에탄올 추출물의 경우 각각 2.00%, 2.00%, 1.00%, 0.50% 및 2.00%였고, 물 분획에서는 0.50%, 0.25%, 4.00%, 0.50% 및 1.00%를 나타내었다. 비교 물질로 사용한 메틸 파라벤의 MBC는 각각 1.00%, 0.5%, 0.50%, 0.5% 및 1.00%로 추출물의 물 분획에서는 P. acnes를 제외한 피부 상재균에 대한 항균활성이 우수한 것으로 나타났고 50% 에탄올 추출물도 메틸 파라벤에 근접하는 항균활성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들은 니아울리 잎 50% 에탄올 추출물/분획은 피부 상재균에 대한 항균활성을 나타내는 천연 방부제로서 화장품에 응용 가능함을 시사한다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.472-477
• /
• 2011

팔중극자 반응셀 유도결합플라즈마 질량분석법(ORC ICPMS; Octapole Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry)에서 동위원소 희석법을 이용하여 곡류 중의 셀레늄을 정확히 분석하였다. 충돌기체는 헬륨보다 수소가 더 효율적이었고 최적 흐름속도는 4.0 mL $min^{-1}$ 이었다. ORC는 다원소 이온화학종들의 간섭을 충분히 제거하였으나 시료매트릭스에 브롬이 존재하는 경우, 충돌기체인 $H_2$에 의해 $BrH^+$가 생성되어 m/z 80, 82에 방해를 주었다. 브롬의 화학적 제거는 매우 어려웠으며 $^{82}Se$의 신호세기에 대한 수학적 보정을 사용하고 동위원소 희석법을 적용하였다. 정확도를 검증하기 위하여 표준검정 물질(NIST SRM 1566, 1567)을 분석한 결과, 좋은 일치도를 얻었고, 이를 바탕으로 실제시료인 곡류 중의 셀레늄을 분석하여 계산한 결과, 백미 $0.034{\pm}0.001\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$, 현미 $0.059{\pm}0.002_5\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$, 흑미 $0.029{\pm}0.001_4\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ 그리고 보리 $0.034{\pm}0.002{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$를 얻었다. 셀레늄 분석에 대한 검출한계($3\sigma$)는 $0.012\;ng\;g^{-1}$ 이었다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2014

The pitting corrosion behaviors between the constituent phases in F53 super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) in acidified chloride environments were investigated using a critical pitting corrosion temperature test, a potentiodynamic anodic polarization test, and the microstructure analyses through a SEM-EDS and a SAM. As the solution annealing temperature decreased from $1150^{\circ}C$ to $1050^{\circ}C$, the ${\gamma}$-phase fraction increased whereas the ${\alpha}$-phase fraction decreased. The pitting potential and the critical pitting temperature increased with a decrease of solution annealing temperature, thereby increasing the resistance to pitting corrosion. The pitting corrosion of the SDSS was selectively initiated at the ${\alpha}$-phases because the PREN (pitting resistance equivalent number, PREN = %Cr+3.3%Mo+30%N) value of the ${\gamma}$-phase is much larger than that of the ${\alpha}$-phase, irrespective of the solution annealing temperature. The pitting corrosion was finally propagated from the ${\alpha}$-phase to the ${\gamma}$-phase. The decrease of solution annealing temperature enhanced the resistance to pitting corrosion greatly in acidified chloride environments due to a decrease of PREN difference between the ${\gamma}$-phase and the ${\alpha}$-phase, that is, a decrease of $PREN{\gamma}$ by dilution of N in ${\gamma}$-phase with an increase in the ${\gamma}$-phase volume fraction and an increase of $PREN{\alpha}$ by enrichment of Cr and Mo in the ${\alpha}$-phase with a decrease in the ${\alpha}$-phase volume fraction.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.114-120
• /
• 2011

Fuel reforming technology for the fuel cell vehicles has been frequently applied to internal combustion engine for the reduction of engine out emissions. Since syngas which is reformed from fossil fuel has hydrogen as a major component, it has abilities to enhance the combustion characteristics with wide flammability and high speed flame propagation. In this paper, syngas was feed to a 2.0 liter SI engine with MPI to improve exhaust emissions under cold start and early state of idle condition. Syngas fraction is varied to 0%, 10%, 25%, with various ignition timings. Exhaust emission characteristics and the exhaust system temperature were measured to investigate the effects of syngas addition on cold start. Result showed that HC emission could be dramatically reduced due to the fact that syngas has $H_2$ and no HC as components. The amount of $NO_x$ emission was decreased with the increase of syngas fraction. Because the dilution effect of $N_2$ and the retard of ignition timing reduces the peak combustion temperature inside the cylinder. Exhaust gas temperature was lower than that of gasoline feeding condition. Retarded ignition timing, however, resulted in increased exhaust gas temperature approximated to gasoline condition. It is supposed that the usage of syngas in an SI engine is an effective solution to meet the future strict emission regulations.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 2015

Eight isoflavonoid compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of Maackia amurensis which had shown the highest anti-Helicobacter pylori activity among the fractions, using medium pressure liquid chromatography and recrystallization. Based on the spectroscopic data including $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, HMBC and MS data, the chemical structures of the isolates were determined to be (-)-medicarpin (1), afromosin (2), formononetin (3), tectorigenin (4), prunetin (5), wistin (6), tectoridin (7) and ononin (8). Anti-H. pylori activity of each compound was evaluated with broth dilution assay. As a result, (-)-medicarpin (1), tectorigenin (4) and wistin (6) showed anti-H. pylori activity. (-)-Medicarpin (1) exhibited the most potent growth inhibitory activity against H. pylori with the minimal inhibitory concentration $(MIC)_{90}$ of $25{\mu}M$, and tectorigenin (4) with $MIC_{90}$ of $100{\mu}M$ ranked the second. This is the first study to show the anti-H. pylori activity of M. amurensis, and it is suggested that the stem bark of M. amurensis or the EtOAc fraction or the isolated compounds can be a new natural source for the treatment of H. pylori infection.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 2006

The antifungal activity of crude methanolic extract and fractions from Yucca smalliana Fern. leaves, roots and flowers were investigated in vitro against a panel of plant pathogenic fungi. The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was determined by an agar dilution method. Preliminary liquid culture and agar plate assays showed that the growth of Fu sarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea were inhibited by Y. smalliana extracts. The extracts from flowers and leaves showed antifungal activity of 64.0% and 34.0% against F. oxysporum, 66.0% and 62.0% against P. capsici, and 27.0% and 41.0% against B. cinerea, respectively. The methanolic extract from Y. smallina leaves in distilled water was fractionated using solvents of increasing polarity: hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. These fractions had a broad spectrum of antifungal activity, found to reside entirely in the butanol and aqueous fraction. The aqueous fraction showed inhibition rate of 60.0, 67.8, 84.6 and 58.3% against F. oxysporum, R. solani, C. gloeosporioides, and B. cinerea, respectively, and the butganol fracgtion showed 36.0, 46.0, 66.1 and 58.3%, respectively. Phenolics(e.g. flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids) were observed in the thin layer profile of the different fractions. Leave extract showed a prominent antioxidant activity totally scavenging the free radical of DPPH at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제23권7호
• /
• pp.359-365
• /
• 2013

We investigated the nanostructural, chemical and optical properties of nc-Si:H films according to deposition conditions. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD) techniques were used to produce nc-Si:H thin films. The hydrogen dilution ratio in the precursors, [$SiH_4/H_2$], was fixed at 0.03; the substrate temperature was varied from room temperature to $600^{\circ}C$. By raising the substrates temperature up to $400^{\circ}C$, the nanocrystalite size was increased from ~2 to ~7 nm and the Si crystal volume fraction was varied from ~9 to ~45% to reach their maximum values. In high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) images, Si nanocrystallites were observed and the crystallite size appeared to correspond to the crystal size values obtained by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Raman Spectroscopy. The intensity of high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS) peaks at ~99.9 eV(Si $L_{2,3}$ edge) was sensitively varied depending on the formation of Si nanocrystallites in the films. With increasing substrate temperatures, from room temperature to $600^{\circ}C$, the optical band gap of the nc-Si:H films was decreased from 2.4 to 1.9 eV, and the relative fraction of Si-H bonds in the films was increased from 19.9 to 32.9%. The variation in the nanostructural as well as chemical features of the films with substrate temperature appears to be well related to the results of the differential scanning calorimeter measurements, in which heat-absorption started at a substrate temperature of $180^{\circ}C$ and the maximum peak was observed at ${\sim}370^{\circ}C$.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.170-177
• /
• 2006

Hydrogen can extend the lean misfire limit to a large extent when it is mixed with conventional fuels for a spark ignition engine. In this study, hydrogen-enriched gaseous fuels by reforming process were simulated according to their proportions of $H_2$, CO, $CO_2$ and $N_2$ gases. Pure hydrogen and two different hydrogen-enriched gaseous mixtures(A-, B-composition) were tested for their basic effects on the engine performances and emissions in a single cylinder research engine. A- and B-composition showed different results from 100% $H_2$ addition because air/fuel mixtures were more diluted by their additions. Even though the energy fraction of reformed gases was increased, combustion stabilities and lean misfire limits were not sensitively improved. It means that combustion augmentation by $H_2$ addition was offset by the charge dilution of $N_2$ and $CO_2$. In addition, the low flammability of CO gas deteriorated thermal efficiencies. CO emission was drastically increased with B-composition which included higher CO component. However, $NO_x$ was reduced as energy fraction($X_e$) rised except for the case of 100% $H_2$ addition at $\lambda=1.2$ and was, for A-composition, lowered to a factor of ten when compared with that of $H_2$ addition. HC emissions were largely influenced by $COV_{imep}$ due to misfire and partial burns.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.317-325
• /
• 2020

A new dimer stilbene [Monalittorin (1)] and ten known compounds [engeletin (2), aurantiamide acetate (3), lupeol (4), friedelin (5), quercetin (6), tiliroside (7), rutoside (8), astragalin (9), isoquercitrin (10) and quercimeritroside (11)] have been isolated from the leaves of Monanthotaxis littoralis (Annonaceae). The structures of these compounds were established by interpretation of their data, mainly, HR-TOFESIMS, 1-D NMR (1H and 13C) and 2-D NMR (1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and by comparison with the literature. The evaluation of their antimicrobial activities against three bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli S2 (1) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01) and three fungal strains (Candida albicans ATCC10231, Candida tropicalis PK233 and Cryptococcus neoformans H99) using broth micro dilution method, showed the largest antimicrobial activities of EtOAc fraction and compounds 1, 5, 6, 8 and 11 (MIC = 8 - 64 ㎍/mL). In addition, EtOAc fraction presented synergistic effect with Vancomycin and fluconazole against the tested microorganisms.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.402-409
• /
• 2002

Experiments were performed with double-concentric diffusion flame(DDF) in order to investigate the characteristics of soot formation and temperature distributions. The flame size and shape of the DDF are similar to those of the well-known normal co-flow diffusion flame(WF), except the formation of a tiny inverse flame near the central tube exit. A laser light extinction technique was used to measure the soot volume fractions. The temperature distributions in the flame were measured by rapid insertion of a R-type thermocouple. Soot concentrations along the flame axis of the DDF were higher than those of the NDF. However, the maximum soot volume fraction of the DDF along the periphery of the flame was lower than that of the NDF. It is mainly due to the effect of nitrogen-dilution from the inner air. Measured temperature distribution explains these trends of soot concentration. The temperature along the flame axis was also higher in DDF than that of the NDF. However, the flame temperatures at the flame front of the two flames were almost same regardless of the inner flame. This phenomenon means that the inverse flame inside the DDF did not affect on the flame structure including the temperature and soot concentration, except the region around the flame axis.