• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
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• pp.66-70
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• 2001

The combustion characteristics have been investigated to develop the low $NO_{x}$ gas turbine combustor. The lean premixed combustion technology was applied to reduce the $NO_{x}$ emission. Also, the conventional combustor was designed and tested for the baseline of low $NO_{x}$ combustor performance. The test was conducted at the condition of high temperature and ambient pressure. The combustion air which has the temperature of 500K were supplied to the combustor through the air preheater. The temperature and emissions of $NO_{x}$ and CO were measured at the exit of combustor. The premixing chamber can be operated very lean condition of equivalence ratio around 0.35. The $NO_{x}$ was decreased with decreasing the equivalence ration. The CO was decreased with decreasing the equivalence ratio, but the CO was increased with decreasing the equivalence ratio below 0.45. But, at the very lean condition of equivalence ratio below 0.35 both NOx and CO were increased because of the flame unstability. The $NO_{x}$ was decreased slightly and CO was increased with increasing inlet air flowrate. This results can be used to determine the size of combustor. The low $NO_{x}$ combustor has lower values of $NO_{x}$ and CO compared with conventional one. Consequently the performance of combustor shows the possibility of the application to the gas turbine system.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.230-240
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• 2009

선행연구에서 개발된 ESCORT 모형을 사용하여 영산강하구언 배수갑문을 통한 담수방류의 영향성을 분석하였다. 낙조우세를 감안한 해수유동 모의를 통해 2차원 뿐 아니라 3차원 흐름해석에 있어서도 모형의 적용성과 타당성을 입증하였다. 방류가 흐름양상에 미치는 영향성을 분석하였으며, 담수방류 모의 결과 확산현상은 3차원 모형으로 해석해야 함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 방류구 인근에서 염도의 연직분포 특성을 규명하였고 목포해역 담수확산 범위를 추정하였다. 그 결과 외해수와의 해수교환이 원활치 않음에 기인하여, 목포해역에서는 담수농도의 희석이 매우 느리게 진행되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.882-895
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• 1997

본 연구는 시화방조제 건설로 인하여 외해수와의 순환이 차단된 후 유기물오염과 담수화가 진행된 시화호 내에서 방조제 완공 전과 후의 저서동물 군집을 비교함으로써 시화호 내에서 저서동물군집이 어떤 천이과정을 거쳤는지, 그리고 군집의 천이를 일으킨 주된 요인은 무었인지, 또한 방조제 건설 전의 시화지구 해역 저서동물 군집과 건설 후 방조제 외곽해역의 저서동물 군집을 비교함으로써 방조제 건설이 주변 해역에 미친 영향을 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. 방조제 완공 후 시화호 내에서의 저서동물 군집의 천이는 두 방향으로 진행되었다. 첫번째는 유기물 유입의 증가에 따른 저층수의 무산소 및 빈산소 환경의 형성으로 인해 저서동물이 완전히 사라진 중오염역 (Grossly Polluted Zone)의 출현이다. 두번째는 저서동물 군집이 계속 유지되고 있는 방조제 근처의 낮은 수심에서의 기회종으로 구성된 오염역 (Polluted Zone)으로의 저서동물 군집의 천이이다. 이런 군집의 천이는 방조제의 배수갑문을 통한 빈번한 해수 유입으로 인하여 저층수의 염분도와 용존산소량의 변화에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 시화방조제 건설은 주변 외곽지역의 저서동물 군집에도 영향을 미쳐 건설 전보다 후에 평균 출현종수는 2.6배, 밀도는 7배나 증가하는 전형적인 부영양화의 특징적 현상을 보임으로서 방조제 외곽해역의 저서동물 군집 또한 불안정한 상태로 변하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2011

연소과정 중에 발생하는 질소산화물을 저감하는 기술인 MILD 연소에 대하여 연료노즐과 공기노즐의 위치와 공기유량을 변화하면서 나타나는 연소특성을 수치해석을 통하여 연구하였다. 본 연구의 MILD 연소로는 연료노즐과 공기 노즐 사이에 연소배기가스의 배출구가 있는 연소로를 이용하였다. 공기노즐은 8개, 연료노즐은 4개를 사용하였다. 연료노즐이 연소로 중앙 부근에 위치한 연소로의 경우에 공기유량이 적을 때는 연소반응대가 연료노즐에서부터 연소로 벽면으로 치우치게 되지만 공기유량이 커지면 연소반응대가 연료노즐 측에서 시작하여 연료노즐 상부로 형성된다. 공기노즐이 연소로 중앙부분에 위치한 경우에 공기유량이 적을 때는 연소반응대가 공기노즐 부근에서 시작하여 연소로 벽면으로 치우치지만 공기유량이 증가하면 연소반응대가 연료노즐 측으로 옮겨가게 된다. 두 가지 경우 모두 공기유량이 증가하면 연소반응대에서 최대온도가 증가하고 따라서 배기가스에서의 NOx 농도가 증가한다. 두 가지 노즐 위치에서의 NOx 생성을 비교해 보면 공기노즐이 연소로 중앙에 위치한 경우가 연료노즐이 연소로 중앙에 위치한 경우보다 NOx 농도가 현저히 적음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 NOx 저감과 연료의 미연가스 배출을 감안할 때 공기노즐이 연소로 중앙에 위치하고 이론공기량에 해당하는 공기량을 분출할 때 NOx 생성에 가장 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.361-371
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• 2000

A demand of marine outfall system has been much increased for the effective disposal of the wastewater due to population and industrial development at the coastal areas. The outfall system discharges primary or secondary treated effluent into the coastline, or at the deep water, or between these two. The discharge is carried out by constructing a pipeline on the sea bed with a diffuser or with a tunnel, risers and appropriate. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding salt water and becomes very dilute. Thus there have been growing interests about plume behaviour around the outfall system. Plume or jet discharged from single-port or multi-port diffuser might cause certain impacts on coastal environment. Near field mixing characteristics of discharged water field using CORMIX model have been studied for effective outfall design various conditions on ambient current, depth, flow rate, effluent concentration, diffuser specification, port specification etc.. This kind of analysis is necessary to deal with water quality problems caused by the ocean discharge. The analyzed result was applied to the Pusan Jungang effluent outfall system plan.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2007

A joining of dissimilar metal combination faces significant problems such as poor strength and cracking associated with brittle intermetallic compounds(IMC) formed. An application of laser allows low heat input; leading to less dilution and smaller heat affected zone. The $CO_2$ laser overlay was conducted on an AC2B alloy with feeding Fe-based powders. The overlay area was significantly influenced from the travel velocity rather than the powder feeding rate. The interface between the overlay and substrate consisted of the hard and brittle IMC($FeAl_3,\;Fe_3Al,\;Fe_2Al_5$), which initiating and propagating the crack. The reciprocating test for the slide wear was conducted on a multi-pass overlay experiment. Comparing with the multi-pass overlay with no overlap, the overlay with 50% overlap showed better wear resistance.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2017

Large amounts of household water are required as common households change from the single-residence types of the past to group-residence types. Therefore, the management of reservoirs is urgently required to ensure the supply of clean household water to users. Important considerations for household water include the duration for which the water is stored in the reservoir, the disinfectant's dilution capacity, and the size of the reservoir to allow for the amount of water required for emergencies and firefighting. The drainage efficiency was analyzed in this study using computational fluid analysis for existing rectangular reservoirs and the newly proposed hexagonal reservoir. Thus, it was determined that the centrifugal force generated at the inlet was maintained until the outlet due to the approximately circular shape of the hexagonal reservoir. The findings of this study verified that the centrifugal force improved the flow rate by approximately 35% compared to existing rectangular reservoirs and that drainage was performed efficiently without stagnation zone.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.314-319
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• 2003

The concept of lean-premixed combustion in gas turbine combustor operation has become a standard in recent years as an effective means to meet stringent enviromental standards on NOx emissions. The combustion characteristics of 75 kW class lean premixed combustor were investigated at the conditions of high temperature and ambient pressure. The exit temperature and emissions of CO and NOx were measured at the center of exit plane. The high temperature air of $550K{\sim}650K$ was supplied through air preheater. As expected, experimental results indicate that NOx emission was increased and CO emission was decreased by increasing inlet air temperature. But CO emission measured at the center of exit plane was increased because of the non-uniform radial direction profiles. The Semi-Empirical Correlation method was applied to obtain the design point emissions of NOx and CO. Also the flame temperature, CO and NOx emissions were measured along the centerline of liner at 650K inlet air temperature to determine the position of dilution holes.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한연소학회 2003년도 제27회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.89-94
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• 2003

For the development of high efficiency and low emission combustion systems, high temperature air combustion technology has been tested by utilizing preheated air over 1100 K and exhaust gas recirculation. In this system, combustion air is diluted with large amount of exhaust gases ($N_2$, $CO_2$), such that the oxygen concentration is relatively low in the reaction zone, leading to low flame temperature. Since, the temperature fluctuations and sound emissions form the flame are small and flame luminosity is low, the combustion mode is expected to be flameless or mild combustion. Experiment was performed to investigate the turbulent flame structure and $NO_X$ emission characteristics in the high temperature air combustion focused on coflowing jet diffusion flames which has a fundamental structure of many practical combustion systems. The effect of turbulence has also been evaluated by installing perforated plate in the oxidizer inlet nozzle. LPG was used as a fuel. Results showed that even though $NO_X$ emission is sensitive to the combustion air temperature, the present high temperature air combustion system produce low $NO_X$ emission because it is operated in low oxygen concentration condition in excess of dilution.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1990

These experiments were undertaken as a basic study to develop immunocontraceptive vaccine and to understand the role of zona pellucidae in early fertilization process by identifying the monoclonal and polyclonal antibody to porcine zona pellucidae and polyclonal antibody to mouse zona pellucidae by indirect ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence test. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows : 1. The titer of the antibodies to zona was determined by indirect ELISA using solubilized porcine zona coated plates. Both monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal antibodies showed very high titers ; O.D at 1 : 12,800 dilution of antibodies was still significantly higher than that of non-immunized control serum. Rabbit anti-mouse zona pellucidae sera also reacted with porcine zona pellucidae. 2. By indirect immunofluorescence test strong fluorescences were observed on the egg treated with homologous and heterologous rabbit polyclonal antibodies and FITC lablled 2nd antibodies and found to crossreact strongly with the eggs from the pig and mouse. While weaken fluorescences were observed on the eggs treated with monoclonal antibodies.