• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1481-1486
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• 2004

This report presents experimental results on the heat transfer coefficients in the boiling region of spray cooling for actual metallurgical process. In this study, the heat flux distribution of a two dimensional dilute spray impinging on hot plate was experimentally investigated. Based on the experimental results, they classified the heat transfer area into the stagnation region and wall-flow region. In the stagnation region, the local heat transfer coefficient relates mainly to the droplet-flow-rate supplied from spray nozzle directly, so the local heat transfer coefficients is good agreement with the predicted values from correlation for spray cooling proposed by former report However, the local heat transfer coefficient in wall-flow region is larger than predicted values, and it is found that the rebounding droplets-flow-rate must be accurately evaluated to predict the local heat transfer coefficient in this region.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2005

This study presents experimental results on the heat transfer coefficients in the film boiling region of spray cooling for actual metallurgical process. In this study, the heat flux distributions of a two dimensional dilute spray impinging on a hot plate were experimentally investigated. A stainless steel block was cooled down from intial temperature of about $800^{\circ}C$ by twin fluid (air-water) flat spray. It was found from the experimental results that the heat transfer area was classified into the stagnation region and wall-flow region. In the stagnation region, the experimental data of local heat transfer coefficient was closely correlated with the local droplet-flow-rate supplied from the spray nozzle directly. Thus, the local heat transfer coefficients are in good agreement with the predicted values from the correlations proposed by our previous study. In wall-flow region, however, remarkable differences are observed between experimental data and predicted values because the number of rebound droplets increase with increasing the distance from the stagnation point.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2005

In the present study, to determine the flow rate of droplets supplied to heat transfer surface after (j-1)th rebound, $D_X[j{\ge}2]^{\ast}$, it was assumed that the rebound droplets are distributed according to the Gaussian distribution from 0 to L, in which the flight distance L is determined by maximum flight distance $L_{max}$. We also assumed that $L_{max}$ is dependent on the air flow velocity and mean size of droplets. The local heat flux of a dilute spray in high temperature region was predicted using the newly evaluated $D_X[j{\ge}2]^{\ast}$. In addition, the predicted results by the present model were compared with the existing experimental data.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1317-1322
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• 2004

In this report, the heat transfer model of spray cooling on hot surface was developed by focusing on the effect of rebound motion of droplets. In the model, it was assumed that droplets rebound repeatedly on the hot surface and heat transfer upon droplet impact is proportional to sensible heat which heats up the droplets to the saturation temperature. In addition, to take account of the contribution of th heat flux upon impact of rebound droplets, it was assumed that the rebound droplets are distributed following the Gaussian distribution from 0 to L, which distance L is determined by maximum flight distance $L_{max}$. Also the calculated results were compared with existing experimental results.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2000

One of effective utilization technique of rice husk is known to carbonize it for using as the culture materials. A series of study on the production of carbonized rice husk by a cyclone combustor shows that the carbonized rice husk produced have a strong alkalinity. Therefore, carbonized rice husk produced by a cyclone combustor is required to neutralize with proper normality. This work is the third part of a series on the production of carbonized rice husk by a cyclone combustor. In this work, the development of neutralization process was carried out in the range of experimental conditions recommended in the previous study. Those include the preheat temperature of combustion chamber of T1b=1273∼1373K, equivalence ratio =1.68∼2.17, auxiliary gas flow rates Qg=5.15∼6.43$\ell$/min. The injection technique of dilute acid was employed for neutralization. At the lower position of the outside of combustor, a dilute nitric acid selected as neutralization liquid was injected to the carbonized rice husk exhausted from the combustion chamber. The normalities of dilute nitric acid were varied to 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05N, respectively. The injection flow rates of the solution were changes from 1.7∼4$\ell$/min. The required carbonized and neutralized rice husk could be obtained at the dilute nitric acid with normality of 0.3N and flow rate of dilute nitric acid of 2∼3.5$\ell$/min. However, the carbonized and neutralized rice husks of about 10∼20% were destroyed by spray with high injection pressure.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1011-1016
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• 2008

KIVA3V를 이용하여 모형 가스터빈 연소기에서 Jet-A의 분무와 연소에 관한 수치해석을 하였다. 연소기 형상은 6개의 희석홀을 가지며, 스월효과를 고려하였다. 연소 특성을 해석하기 위해 열적 NO 발생을 고려하였다. 다양한 분무각에 대해서 Jet-A 증기, 화염온도 분포와 NO 발생량에 대하여 비교하였다. 분무각이 커질수록 1차 영역에서 연료 증기가 비교적 고르게 나타나게 되며 증발이 더욱 빠르게 되고, 주변 기체와 연료 증기 사이의 혼합이 증가한다. 그 결과 고온부가 넓게 나타나게 되고, 이에 의해 열적 NO 발생이 증가한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.983-990
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 냉각면의 표면온도가 비교적 낮은 강제대류 및 핵비등영역에서 다양한 종류의 마이크로 휜이 가공된 냉각면의 분무냉각 열전달에 대해 실험적으로 연구하였다. 실험결과로부터 냉각면 표면에 가공된 마이크로 휜은 분무냉각 열전달을 촉진시키며, 냉각휜의 크기와 종류에 상관없이 분무유량이 증가할수록 분무냉각 열전달도 큰 폭으로 증가하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 희박한 분무영역에서는 냉각면에 가공된 휜의 크기와 형상이 분무냉각 열전달에 큰 영향을 미치고 있으나, 분무유량이 증가할수록 이러한 경향은 점차 약해져 본 실험에서 가장 높은 분무유량조건에서는 편평한 냉각면을 제외한 모든 냉각면의 열유속이 거의 동일하게 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.192-197
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• 1979

분무철포립자(噴霧撤布粒子)의 연구(硏究)에 있어서 공기중(空氣中)에 표류하고 있는 분무립자(噴霧粒子)의 직경(直徑)을 직접(直接) 측정(測定)하기 어려우므로 입자(粒子)자국의 직경(直徑)과의 비(比)인 확산비(擴散比)(Spread factor)를 이용(利用)함이 일반적(一般的)이다. 물에 Geigy Red Herbicide 물감을 0.5%로부터 2%까지의 중량비(重量比)로 혼합하여 분무액(噴霧液)을 준비하고 균일(均一)한 크기의 입자발생장치(粒子發生裝置)로 발생(發生)한 공기중(空氣中)의 표류 입자(粒子)의 직경(直徑)을 측정(測定)하고 이들 입자(粒子)들을 바로 표본기지(標本期紙) 또는 Eucalypt 잎위에 받아서 입자(粒子)자국의 직경(直徑)들을 측정(測定)하여 입자(粒子)자국의 직경(直徑) 대(對) 공기중(空氣中)의 표류입자(粒子)의 직경(直徑)의 비(比)인 확산비(擴散比)를 구(求)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 공기중(空氣中)의 표류입자(粒子)의 직경(直徑)과 Kromekote 용지(用紙) 또는 Eucalypt 잎위에 살포(撒布)된 입자(粒子)자국직경(直徑)의 상관성(相關性)의 방정식(方程式)의 일반형(一般形)은 지수방정식(指數方程式)인 $Y=aX^b$로서 log-log 그라프용지(用紙) 상(上)에 직선관계식(直線關係式)으로 나타났다. 엷은 농도 용액의 확산비가 진한 농도 용액의 확산비 보다 일반적(一般的)으로 크게 나타났다. Eucalypt 잎 상(上)에서의 확산비는 용액이 잎속으로 침투하고 엽면(葉面)의 오목한 기공(氣孔)을 가진 표면(表面)으로 인(因)하여 Kromekote 용지(用紙) 상(上)의 확산비보다 상당히 작게 나타났다. Eucalypt 잎 상(上)에 낙하된 입자(粒子)의 평균(平均)두께 추정식(推定式)은 $Y=aX^b$로서 확산비의 상관식(相關式)과 같은 형(形)이었고 이 식(式)은 병충해방제(病蟲害防除) 최소직경(最小直徑)의 입자(粒子)를 기준(基準)할 때 이기준치(基準値)보다 큰 입자(粒子)를 살포(撒布)하는 경우에 있어서 입자(粒子)가 클수록 과잉살포결과를 초래하고 있음을 의미(意味)하고 있다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2013

A novel route to prepare Nd-Fe-B magnetic particles by utilizing both spray drying and reduction/diffusion processes was investigated in this study. Precursors were prepared by spray drying method using the aqueous solutions containing Nd salt, Fe salt and boric acid with stoichiometric ratios. Precursor particles could be obtained with various sizes from 2 to $10{\mu}m$ by controlling concentrations of the solutions and the average size of $2{\mu}m$ of precursors were selected for further steps. After heat treatment of precursors in air, Nd and Fe oxides were formed through desalting procedure, followed by reduction processes in Hydrogen ($H_2$) atmosphere and with Calcium (Ca) granules in Argon (Ar) successively. Moreover, diffusion between Nd and Fe occurred during Ca reduction and $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ particles were formed. With Ca amount added to particles after $H_2$ reduction, intrinsic coercivity was changed from 1 to 10 kOe. In order to remove and leach CaO and residual Ca, de-ionized water and dilute acid were used. Acidic solutions were more effective to eliminate impurities, but Fe and Nd were dissolved out from the particles. Finally, $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ magnetic particles were synthesized after washing in de-ionized water with a mean size of $2{\mu}m$ and their maximum energy product showed 9.23 MGOe.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.292-298
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 입자질량고적재(high particle mass loading)의 경우가 전혀 고려되지 않았으며, 이것은 물론 임팩터가 사용되는 대부분의 경우, 즉, 대기중입자를 포집하는 경우에 입자의 적재량이 미소하기 때문이다. 그러나 임팩터 혹은 이와 유 사한 기능을 하는 장치의 응용은 매우 광범위하여 이중에는, OWG(optical wave guide) 제작이나 페인트 스프레이(paint spray) 또 입자공급장치에서 큰 입자를 걸러 낼 때와 같이, 입자의 적재량이 큰 경우도 적지 않다. 이러한 입자질량 고적재인 경우에는 입자운동이 기체유동장을 변화시키며 이에 따라 입자운동 자체도 변화되어진다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 관계를 분석하여 입자질량의 적재량정도가 입자의 포집효율에 미치 는 영향을 밝혀내었다.