• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-62
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• 2009

Internet computing is a disruptive IT innovation. Semantic Web can be considered as an IT innovation because the Semantic Web technology possesses the potential to reduce information overload and enable semantic integration, using capabilities such as semantics and machine-processability. How should organizations adopt the Semantic Web? What factors affect the adoption and diffusion of Semantic Web innovation? Most studies on adoption and diffusion of innovation use empirical analysis as a quantitative research methodology in the post-implementation stage. There is criticism that the positivist requiring theoretical rigor can sacrifice relevance to practice. Rapid advances in technology require studies relevant to practice. In particular, it is realistically impossible to conduct quantitative approach for factors affecting adoption of the Semantic Web because the Semantic Web is in its infancy. However, in an early stage of introduction of the Semantic Web, it is necessary to give a model and some guidelines and for adoption and diffusion of the technology innovation to practitioners and researchers. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present a model of adoption and diffusion of the Semantic Web and to offer propositions as guidelines for successful adoption through a qualitative research method including multiple case studies and in-depth interviews. The researcher conducted interviews with 15 people based on face-to face and 2 interviews by telephone and e-mail to collect data to saturate the categories. Nine interviews including 2 telephone interviews were from nine user organizations adopting the technology innovation and the others were from three supply organizations. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were recorded on digital voice recorder memory and subsequently transcribed verbatim. 196 pages of transcripts were obtained from about 12 hours interviews. Triangulation of evidence was achieved by examining each organization website and various documents, such as brochures and white papers. The researcher read the transcripts several times and underlined core words, phrases, or sentences. Then, data analysis used the procedure of open coding, in which the researcher forms initial categories of information about the phenomenon being studied by segmenting information. QSR NVivo version 8.0 was used to categorize sentences including similar concepts. 47 categories derived from interview data were grouped into 21 categories from which six factors were named. Five factors affecting adoption of the Semantic Web were identified. The first factor is demand pull including requirements for improving search and integration services of the existing systems and for creating new services. Second, environmental conduciveness, reference models, uncertainty, technology maturity, potential business value, government sponsorship programs, promising prospects for technology demand, complexity and trialability affect the adoption of the Semantic Web from the perspective of technology push. Third, absorptive capacity is an important role of the adoption. Fourth, suppler's competence includes communication with and training for users, and absorptive capacity of supply organization. Fifth, over-expectance which results in the gap between user's expectation level and perceived benefits has a negative impact on the adoption of the Semantic Web. Finally, the factor including critical mass of ontology, budget. visible effects is identified as a determinant affecting routinization and infusion. The researcher suggested a model of adoption and diffusion of the Semantic Web, representing relationships between six factors and adoption/diffusion as dependent variables. Six propositions are derived from the adoption/diffusion model to offer some guidelines to practitioners and a research model to further studies. Proposition 1 : Demand pull has an influence on the adoption of the Semantic Web. Proposition 1-1 : The stronger the degree of requirements for improving existing services, the more successfully the Semantic Web is adopted. Proposition 1-2 : The stronger the degree of requirements for new services, the more successfully the Semantic Web is adopted. Proposition 2 : Technology push has an influence on the adoption of the Semantic Web. Proposition 2-1 : From the perceptive of user organizations, the technology push forces such as environmental conduciveness, reference models, potential business value, and government sponsorship programs have a positive impact on the adoption of the Semantic Web while uncertainty and lower technology maturity have a negative impact on its adoption. Proposition 2-2 : From the perceptive of suppliers, the technology push forces such as environmental conduciveness, reference models, potential business value, government sponsorship programs, and promising prospects for technology demand have a positive impact on the adoption of the Semantic Web while uncertainty, lower technology maturity, complexity and lower trialability have a negative impact on its adoption. Proposition 3 : The absorptive capacities such as organizational formal support systems, officer's or manager's competency analyzing technology characteristics, their passion or willingness, and top management support are positively associated with successful adoption of the Semantic Web innovation from the perceptive of user organizations. Proposition 4 : Supplier's competence has a positive impact on the absorptive capacities of user organizations and technology push forces. Proposition 5 : The greater the gap of expectation between users and suppliers, the later the Semantic Web is adopted. Proposition 6 : The post-adoption activities such as budget allocation, reaching critical mass, and sharing ontology to offer sustainable services are positively associated with successful routinization and infusion of the Semantic Web innovation from the perceptive of user organizations.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.183-198
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• 2000

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate alterations of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR), and correlation between these alternations and cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) and normal brain MRI findings. Materials and Methods: Thirty TBI patients and 19 healthy volunteers underwent rest/acetazolamide brain SPECT using Tc-99m HMPAO. Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale test was also performed in the patient group. Statistical analysis was performed with statistical parametric mapping software (SPM'97) Results: CBF was diminished in the left hemisphere including Wernicke's area in all patients with lower verbal scale scores. In addition, a reduction in CBF in the right frontal, temporal and parietal cortices was related with depressed scores in information, digital span, arithmetic and similarities. In patients with lower performance scale scores, CBF was mainly diminished in the right hemisphere including superior temporal and supramarginal gyri, premotor, primary somatomotor and a part of prefrontal cortices, left frontal lobe and supramarginal gyrus. CVR was diminished in sixty-four Brodmann's areas compared to control. A reduction in CVR was demonstrated bilaterally in the frontal and temporal lobes in patients with lower scores in both verbal and performance tests, and in addition, both inferior parietal and occipital lobes in information subset. Conclusion: Alterations of CBF and CVR were demonstrated in the symptomatic TBI patients with normal MRI finding. These alterations were correlated with the change of intelligence, of which the complex functions are subserved by multiple interconnected cortical structures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.363-368
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• 2003

We have successfully developed a more effective algorithm to extract the lineament in the area covered by wide alluvial deposits characterized by a relatively narrow range of brightness in the Landsat TM image, while the currently used algorithm is limited to the mountainous areas. In the new algorithm, flat areas mainly consisting of alluvial deposits were selected using the Local Enhancement from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The aspect values were obtained by 3${\times}$3 moving windowing of Zevenbergen & Thorno's Method, and then the slopes of the study area were determined using the aspect values. After the lineament factors in the alluvial deposits were revealed by comparing the threshold values, the first rank lineament under the alluvial deposits were extracted using the Hough transform In order to extract the final lineament, the lowest points under the alluvial deposits in a given topographic section perpendicular to the first rank lineament were determined through the spline interpolation, and then the final lineament were chosen through Hough transform using the lowest points. The algorithm developed in this study enables us to observe a clearer lineament in the areas covered by much larger alluvial deposits compared with the results extracted using the conventional existing algorithm. There exists, however, some differences between the first rank lineament, obtained using the aspect and the slope, and the final lineament. This study shows that the new algorithm more effectively extracts the lineament in the area covered with wide alluvlal deposits than in the areas of converging slope, areas with narrow alluvial deposits or valleys.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 1986

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for the clarification of spring growth habits mechanism of naked barleys. The isozyme patterns and activities of peroxidase in the young spike and leaf blade were analyzed during the differentiation and development of young spike. The characteristic differences between the normal and rosetted type were in c and g isozymes in young spike, and in i isozyme in the leaf blade. In the normal type, c and i isozymes disappeared at the stage of spi-kelet differentiation, g isozyme at the stage of flolet differentiation. But, in the rosetted type, those three isozymes remained in dark stained condition until the time of final sampling. Especially, those three isozymes were higher in the rosetted type than those in the normal type even at the stage of bract differentiation(BDS), just prior to the reproductive stage. The activities of peroxidase decreased slowly after BDS in the young spike and leaf blade in the normal type, While, in the rosetted type, increased linearly, and the degree of increasing was remarkable in the young spike. It was interesting that the degree of activities in young spike was higher in the rosetted type than that in the normal type even at BDS. From the above results, the remarkable differences of the isozyme patterns and activities at BDS between the normal and rosetted type were considered to be the physiological expression of the varieties concerned with the degree of spring growth habits.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2010

This study is to analyze change of connectivity between brain positions caused by relaxation through EEG coherence. EEG spectrum analysis method has been used to analyze brain activity when relaxation was experienced. However, the spectrum analysis method has a limit that could not observe interactive reaction between brain-functional positions. Therefore, coherence between positions was analyzed to observe connectivity between the measurement positions in this study. Through the method, the reaction of the central nervous system caused by the emotion change was observed. Twenty-four undergraduates of both genders(12 males and 12 females) were asked to close their eyes and listen to the sound. During experiment, EEG was measured at eight positions. The eight positions were F3, F4, T3, T4, P3, P4, O1, and O2 in accordance with International 10-20 system. The sounds with white noise and without were used for relaxation experience. Subjective emotion was measured to verify whether or not they felt relaxation. Subjective emotion of participants were analyzed by ANOVA method(Analysis of Variance). In the result, it was proved that relaxation was subjectively evoked when participants heard sound. Accordingly, it was proved that relaxation could be enhanced by the mixed white noise. EEG coherence between the measurement positions was analyzed. T-test was performed to find its significant difference between relaxation and not-relaxation. In the results of EEG coherence, connectivity with occipital lobes has been increased with relaxation, and connectivity with parietal lobes has been increased with non-relaxed state. Therefore, brain connectivity has shown different pattern between relaxed emotion and non-relaxed emotion.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2009

Purpose: Onco flash shortens a scan time with half and there is a possibility of getting the data which corresponds in existing. The experiment which makes the image whose Onco Flash is excellent OSEM tried, as changes parameter of time, iteration. After reconstituting an image, produces FWHM and executes an evaluation. Materials and Methods: Siemens e.cam gamma camera, standard Jaszczak phantom and spatial resolution phantom was used. In order for the bubble not to enter, implants 2 mCi and volume 0.25 cc $^{99m}Tc$ respectively in line 3 to spatial resolution phantom. Put on that phantom on the table correctly, and acquires an image. 15 mCi putting in distilled water to mix $^{99m}Tc$ well in Jaszczak phantom and acquires image just like spatial resolution phantom. Reconstructs and converts the image to digital image as Sante program. Produce FWHM and evaluate by Amide. Results: The non-scattered image shows better FWHM value than scattered image. As time increases from 10 sec to 30 sec for 5sec interval, FWHM appeared to 30.1, 28.5, 24.5, 23.6, 23.4 mm. At the standard iteration value 4, OSEM FWHM shows 8.0 mm, and Onco Flash is 8.1 mm. As fade in iteration, FWHM value more and more decreased. Conclusion: When using Onco Flash, shortens a scan time, and enhances image quality. Also, user can adjust the parameters to improve resolution. Therefore, patient and user are satisfied with these merits.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.166-176
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• 2010

Purpose: To determine the appropriate prostate planning target volume (PTV) margins for 3-dimensitional (3D) conformal radiotherapy (CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) patients treated with an endorectal balloon (ERB) under our institutional treatment condition. Materials and Methods: Patients were treated in the supine position. An ERB was inserted into the rectum with 70 cc air prior to planning a CT scan and then each treatment fraction. Electronic portal images (EPIs) and digital reconstructed radiographs (DRR) of planning CT images were used to evaluate inter-fractional patient's setup and ERB errors. To register both image sets, we developed an in-house program written in visual $C^{++}$. A new method to determine prostate PTV margins with an ERB was developed by using the common method. Results: The mean value of patient setup errors was within 1 mm in all directions. The ERB inter-fractional errors in the superior-inferior (SI) and anterior-posterior (AP) directions were larger than in the left-right (LR) direction. The calculated 1D symmetric PTV margins were 3.0 mm, 8.2 mm, and 8.5 mm for 3D CRT and 4.1 mm, 7.9 mm, and 10.3 mm for IMRT in LR, SI, and AP, respectively according to the new method including ERB random errors. Conclusion: The ERB random error contributes to the deformation of the prostate, which affects the original treatment planning. Thus, a new PTV margin method includes dose blurring effects of ERB. The correction of ERB systematic error is a prerequisite since the new method only accounts for ERB random error.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.5_2
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• pp.893-906
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• 2020

This paper reports on the analysis of the location accuracy of a precision image generation system manufactured for CAS 500. The planned launch date of the CAS 500 is 2021, and since it has not yet been launched, the analysis was performed using KOMPSAT-3A satellite images having similar specifications to the CAS 500. In this paper, we have checked the geolocation accuracy of initial sensor model, the model point geolocation accuracy of the precise sensor model, the geolocation accuracy of the precise sensor model using the check point, and the geolocation accuracy of the precise orthoimage using 30 images of the Korean Peninsula. In this study, the target geolocation accuracy is to have an RMSE within 2 pixels when an accurate ground control point is secured. As a result, it was confirmed that the geolocation accuracy of the precision sensor model using the checkpoint was about 1.85 pixels in South Korea and about 2.04 pixels in North Korea, and the geolocation accuracy of the precise orthoimage was about 1.15 m in South Korea and about 3.23 m in North Korea. Overall, it was confirmed that the accuracy of North Korea was low compared to that of South Korea, and this was confirmed to have affected the measured accuracy because the GCP (Ground Control Point) quality of the North Korea images was poor compared to that of South Korea. In addition, it was confirmed that the accuracy of the precision orthoimage was slightly lower than that of precision sensor medel, especially in North Korea. It was judged that this occurred from the error of the DTM (Digital Terrain Model) used for orthogonal correction. In addition to the causes suggested by this paper, additional studies should be conducted on factors that may affect the position accuracy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.530-534
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• 2002

Background: In aortic surgery, division and ligation of the left brachiocephalic vein(LBV) may improve exposure of the aortic arch but controversy continues about the safety of this division and whether a divided vein should be reanastomosed after arch replacement was completed. The safety of LBV division and the fate of the left subclavian venous drainage after LBV division were studied. Material and Method: From November 1998 to January 2001, planned division and ligation of the LBV on the mid-line after median sternotomy was peformed in 10 patients during the aortic surgery with the consideration of local anatomy and distal aortic anastomosis. Assessment for upper extremity edema and neurologic symptoms, measurement of venous pressure in the right atrium and left internal jugular vein, and digital subtraction venography(DSV) of the left arm were made postoperatively. Result: In 10 patients there was improvement in access to the aortic arch for procedures on the ascending aorta or aortic arch. The mean age of patients was 62 years(range 24 to 70). Follow-up ranged from 3 weeks to 13 months. One patient died because of mediastinitis from methicilline-resistant staphylococcus aureus strain. All patients had edema on the left upper extremity, but resolved by the postoperative day 4. No patient had any residual edema or difficulty in using the left upper extremity during the entire follow-up period. No patient had postoperative stroke. Pressure difference between the right atrium and left internal jugular vein was peaked on the immediate postoperative period(mean peak pressure difference = 25mmHg), but gradually decreased, then plated by the postoperative day 4. In all DSV studies left subclavian vein flowed across the midline through the inferior thyroid venous plexus. Conclusion: We conclude that division of LBV is safe and reanastomosis is not necessary if inferior thyroid vein, which is developed as a main bridge connecting the left subclavian vein with right venous system, is preserved.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.469-475
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• 2008

Background: Video-assisted thoracic sympathicotomy is a definitive minimally invasive treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis. Different techniques exist for controlling axillary hyperhidrosis, but they are temporary and expensive. We compared the results after using two different levels of sympathicotomy for treating axillary hyperhidrosis: T3-T4 and T4. Material and Method: Between June 2002 and May 2007, 30 patients with isolated axillary hyperhidrosis underwent either T3-T4 or T4 thoracoscopic sympathicotomy in the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery at Wonkwang University Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I (n=15) was composed of patients who underwent T3-T4 sympathicotomy (thermal ablation), and Group II (n=15) was composed of patients who underwent T4 sympathicotomy (thermal ablation). The procedures were bilateral and simultaneous, involving the use of two 2-mm trocars and a 0-degree 2-mm thoracoscope under general anesthesia with single endotracheal intubation. Outcome parameters included satisfaction rate of treatment, degree of compensatory sweating, and postoperative complications. Patients were interviewed by telephone regarding satisfaction and compensatory hyperhidrosis. Result: There were no differences in age between group I and group II. The mean follow-up for the T3-T4 group was $38.7{\pm}2.3$ months, and the mean follow-up for the T4 group was $18.7{\pm}3.6$ months. The immediate therapeutic success rate (within 2 weeks postoperative) was 100% in both groups, and there were no recurrences in either group during the long-term follow-up period. The satisfaction rate was higher (93.3%) in the T4 group than in the T3-T4 group (53.3%), and the incidence of compensatory hyperhidrosis was lower in the T4 group (6.7%) than in the T3-T4 group (46.7%). Postoperative complications included one mild pneumothorax and two instances of intercostal neuralgia. Digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI) correlated well with postoperative satisfaction. Conclusion: Both techniques proved effective for controlling isolated axillary hyperhidrosis. The T4 group had a higher satisfaction rate and lower severity of compensatory hyperhidrosis. Hence, thermal ablation of the lower interganglionic fibers of the third thoracic sympathetic ganglion on the fourth rib is a more practical and minimally invasive treatment than is the T3-T4 surgical method, according to the degree of compensatory sweating in isolated axillary hyperhidrosis.