• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.109-119
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• 2023

PURPOSE: The definition and scope of biofeedback are broad and lack a clear framework. Therefore, efforts are needed to clearly understand the exact range and definition of biofeedback based on the research and development conducted to date. Thus, the purpose of this study was to arrive at the definition and scope of biofeedback through a literature review and analysis of its application methods. METHODS: This study is a systematic literature review conducted to understand the various types and effects of biofeedback. International databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed were used. Domestic databases utilized for keyword searches included the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) and the National Digital Science Library (NDSL). Quality assessment of the selected studies in the selection process was done using the Cochrane risk of bias, and the research was analyzed according to the population, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO) format. RESULTS: Studies conducted between 2019 and 2021 were selected, with 4 papers falling under physiological classifications and 7 under biomechanical classifications. The quality assessment results showed that random sequence generation, allocation concealment, performance bias, and reporting bias were unclear. Detection bias was moderate, and attrition bias and other biases were low. Out of the 11 papers, 9 dealt with physical function outcomes, 5 with daily life activities, and 3 with mental functions. CONCLUSION: Physiological biofeedback tended to influence psychological factors more than physical functions, while biomechanical biofeedback tended to have a positive impact on physical functions.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2024

Purpose: The prolonged use of digital devices has led to the widespread adoption of poor postures, particularly rounded shoulder posture (RSP), associated with shoulder impingement and pain. This study investigates the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on RSP in healthy adults. Methods: Thirty adults with RSP were randomly assigned to NMES only, exercise only, or NMES with exercise groups. NMES was applied to the lower trapezius, which was the target muscle in this study, for a total of 2 weeks, 5 times per week, 20 minutes per session. The exercise program included pectoralis minor stretching, wall-slide exercise, dynamic hug exercise with band, and Brugger stretching for upper body with band, which were performed for a total of 2 weeks, 5 times per week, 20 minutes per session. Outcome measures, including the Supine Method (SM) for posture and surface electromyography (EMG) of the lower trapezius for muscle activity, were assessed before the intervention, after 5 sessions, and after 10 sessions. Results: All the groups showed significant changes in the SM and % maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) over time (p<0.05). The NMES group had significantly reduced SM at 1 week, while the exercise and combined groups had reduced SM at 2 weeks (p<0.017). All the groups had increased %MVIC at 2 weeks (p<0.017), with no significant differences observed between groups. Conclusion: NMES alone can be as effective as exercise in improving RSP. NMES combined with exercise also showed positive outcomes, thus offering diverse treatment options for this condition.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 2013

This thesis revolves around dual sensory therapy techniques using perception arts group counseling program focused on Popcorn Brain phenomenon. The program emphasizes intrinsic motivations for changes by activating the brain's dual sensory such as a sense of smell, tactile sensation and vision to deal with brain issues caused by digital devices addiction. Perception arts group counseling program is based on voluntary satisfaction of relationship desires, which can lead to a sense of accomplishment and belonging. Expression methods using dual sensory were presented as an alternative to resolving digital devices addiction by blending cognitive-behavioral counseling technique and group art therapy technique. The blending method offers an environment that can maintain a change to a senseless and lackluster brian due to excessive uses of digital devices, the main cause of Popcorn Brain, by emphasizing "thoughts${\rightarrow}$emotions${\rightarrow}$behavior" with a structural expression approach. If perception arts group counseling program is established in more systematic fashion and used strategically to offer such environment, it may be used as a treatment for brain issues described above. In addition, the program can be used a basis for encouraging voluntary treatment to satisfy relationship desires.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-97
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to obtain the normative data of finger strength using the keyboard and the MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface) software. A total of 92 college students (46 male and 46 female) were recruited from universities located in Seoul and Chungcheong province and an average age was 21.7(SD = 1.8). After the completion of demographic information, each participant asked to press the five keys both in ascending and descending manners with the maximum strength of individual finger. The velocity was obtained as an indicator for finger pressing force by using the MIDI software. Results showed that the individual finger velocity ranged between 77 to 97 (Maximum possible velocity = 127). Regarding male's velocity data, the maximum velocity was found in index finger of dominant hand(96.9), while the minimum strength was found in ring finger of nondominant hand(78.5). Female data appeared to be similar to male's one in terms of maximum strength in dominant index finger(92) and minimum strength in nondominant ring finger(77.5). It also found that the statistically significant differences(p < .05) on finger strength of all fingers between dominant and non-dominant hands except the thumbs(p < .05). The current findings serves as a "normative standard" that proves the validity and effectiveness of hand rehabilitation training program using the electronic keyboard connected with the MIDI software to enhance functional changes in hands.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.209-217
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• 2014

As an idea of healing or fatigue recovery, a desire for massage therapy has increased for modern people who complain of pain such as knotted muscles or shoulder discomfort due to fatigue accumulation and stress. To resolve this, although a massage chair has been developed, it does not provide the most efficient massage as it is not suitable for Korean body types. In this paper, this research analyzed massage, assembly, massage intensity, Korean body types and functions of the massage for maximized efficiency to design critical functions. Also, we implemented the action control and algorithm of the massage chair for localization.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the improvement effect of obesity by treatment with a developed low frequency electrical stimulation system. Thirty female in their 20's as an experiment subjects divided 3 groups(control, commercialized device, developed device) were treated with electrical stimulation on abdomen for 4 weeks. The body weight, body mass index(BMI), waist-hip ratio(WHR), muscle strength, muscle(transverse abdominis(TrA), internal obliquus abdominis(IO), external obliquus abdominis(EO)), fat thickness and abdominal surface temperature were measured by electromyogram(EMG), ultrasound and digital infrared thermal image(DITI). In the result, the body weight and BMI were decreased. Subcutaneous abdominal fat were significantly reduced after 4 weeks. The muscle strength and TrA muscle thickness was increased 13.2%(p<0.05), and 35.5%, respectively. The fat thickness showed decrease in abdomen (p<0.05). Infrared measurement on abdominal surface temperature as a parameter of improvement in blood circulation was significantly increased(p<0.05). Therefore, the low frequency stimulation showed positive effects on parameters of the obesity improvement.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2015

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out objective and scientific grounds on the effect of Spiral Balanced Taping(SBT) by examining physiological change according to pain reduction and understanding the relationship physiological change and pain. Method : 32 female students who was from 20 to 25 years old($22.06{\pm}1.13$). Regarding the range of pain, each 16 female students ranged in the right and the left. The subjects selected the most comfortable method of six taping methods related with trapezius. They were examined with four measurement methods(Visual Analogue Scale : VAS, Algometer, Digital Infrared Thermograph Imaging(DITI), and Cervical Range of motion : CROM) and measured before treatment, right after treatment, 30 minutes later after treatment and 60 minutes later after treatment. Result : According to the result of Repeated measure ANOVA, there was a significant difference with all four methods before and after treatment. In addition there was a significant difference in proportion to time. As a result of stepwise regression, VAS was the highest with Digital Infrared Thermograph Imaging(r2=0.136) and pressure pain threshold was the highest in the range of cervical motion. Conclusion : There was the effect of SBT to all four measurement method and it was effective with measuring VAS and DITI, or Algometer and CROM together.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.365-370
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• 2014

Importance of Web accessability for handicapped persons is ever increasing in the information society with increasing role of the Web. The Web accessibility of handicapped person related Web sites were compared with the school Web sites in order to figure out the realities of handicapped person related Web site's accessibilities. According to the experiment, the Web accessibility of handicapped person related Web sites got lower scores than general school Web sites. The research result shows that more improvement efforts for the Web accessibility of handicapped person related Web sites are required.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.90-99
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the traditional diet therapies for the period of postpartum recovery and lactation and to develop modern postpartum recovery foods. Korean traditional medical treatment for postpartum care focused on treating postpartum obesity, edema, agalactia was studied. Methods : We investigated the documents recorded in the medical classics of "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集 成方)", "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)" and "Bangyakhappyeon(方藥合編)" published in 1433, 1613 and 1885 respectively in the Joseon Dynasty. Results : First, Radix Angelicae Sinensis was most frequently used to treat the postpartum obesity, and a lot of nourishing herbs including Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Astragali, Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma Chuanxiong were also used. Second, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalase, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens were used to treat the postpartum edema. Third, Radix Rhapontici, Medulla Tetrapanacis, Fructus Trichosanthis etc. were used to treat the postpartum agalactia. Conclusions : Consequently, we hope this study on the prescriptions and herbs for gynecology in "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集成方)", "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)" and "Bangyakhappyeon(方藥合編)" will provide knowledge for diet therapy model development of postpartum care of the modern times.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.109-114
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• 2004

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Scolopendrid Herbal-Acupuncture. Methods : Scolopendrid Herbal-Acupuncture was administered one time on everyday and A-shi points were selected. Except Scolopendrid Herbal-Acupuncture administration, other therapies(conventional body acupuncture, physical therapy and so on) were not performed at all. We evaluated the patient through Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI). Results : After 2 or 3 times of treatment, the patient showed that clinical symptoms and VAS were lessened and there was a change of temperature in DITI. Conclusions : According to the results, Scolopendrid Herbal-Acupuncture may have anti-inflammatory effects. But further studies are required to prove the exact effect.