• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.120-128
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• 2022

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are a basic component in the electronics industry and are widely used in nearly all electronic products, such as mobile phones, tablet computers, and digital cameras, as well as in electric equipment. PCB manufacturing involves the use of many chemicals and chemical processes and therefore has more risks than other manufacturing sectors. This study aims to identify the causes of possible accidents during PCB manufacturing through risk assessment, develop and implement safety measures, and evaluate the effectiveness of these measures. Note that the safety measures developed to mitigate the risks of a certain process were also implemented for other similar processes. The risk assessments conducted over seven years, from 2015 to 2021, at a PCB manufacturing company identified 361 hazardous processes. Between 2016 and 2019, 41-56 hazardous processes were identified per year; such processes decreased to fewer than 20 per year after 2020. Application of the risk assessment results to the improvement of the hazardous processes with the similar characteristics seems to be effective in decreasing the risks. Equipment-related factors such as lack of appropriate maintenance, low work standards, and defective protection devices were responsible for 59.8% of all possible accidents. Because PCB manufacturing involves many chemicals, skin contact with hazardous substances, electric shock, fire, and explosion were the most common types of possible accidents (81.7%). In total, 505 safety measures were implemented, including 157 related to purchase and improvement of equipment and devices for safety (31.1%), 147 related to the installation/modification of fire prevention facilities (29.1%), and 69 related to the use of standard electrical appliances (13.7%). Risk assessment conducted after implementing the safety measures showed that these measures significantly decreased risk; 247 processes (68.4%) had a risk level of 3, corresponding to "very low," and 114 processes (31.6%) showed a risk level of 4, corresponding to "low." In particular, risk assessment of 104 processes with risk scores of 12 and 10 other processes with risk score of 16 showed that the risk decreased to 4 after implementing the safety measures. Thus, implementing these measures in similar manufacturing sectors that involve chemical processes can mitigate risk.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.675-688
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• 2022

Produced by steaming mature silkworms, HongJam is a natural functional food with various health-promoting effects. The current standard HongJam production protocol involves freezing and freeze-drying steamed mature silkworms for convenient long-term storage and/or selling it to customers. However, freeze-drying HongJam requires a range of processes and costs, which have contributed to its high resale value. In this study, we found that the cost of manufacturing HongJam powder could be reduced by homogenizing steamed mature silkworms using a high-speed blender and digital homogenizer, followed by spray drying. After the homogenized HongJam solution was digested by directly adding food-graded proteases, food-graded protease-digested homogenized HongJam solution was spray-dried. Food-graded digested protease or non-digested homogenized HongJam solutions could be used to produce food for special medical use for patients with general or specific diseases. This more efficient HongJam processing protocol proposed in this study can facilitate the development of sericulture farms and related industries by reducing the production costs of HongJam and its associated products.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2022

Objectives: A restrospective chart review were conducted to investigate the overall weight loss effect of the integrated Korean medicine treatment on obese patients (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m²) in Korean medicine clinic and analyze the difference in the effect according to lifestyle behaviors. Methods: The medical records of 43 obese patients were retrospectively analyzed including body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and body composition who received integrated Korean medicine treatment for 4 weeks at 24 Korean medicine clinics in Daejeon metropolitan city. All outcome measures were evaluated again 8 weeks after the end of treatment at week 12 for follow-up. EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), the Korean version of the obesity-related quality of life scale (KOQOL) and patient's satisfaction were also evaluated. The analysis was divided according to the treatment period and observation period, and subgroup analysis was performed according to drinking and exercise habits. Results: Body weight, body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat were significantly reduced at week 4 and week 12. Theses weight reduction effects were significantly greater within treatment period (0 to 4 week) than observation period (4 to 12 week). Especially in the non-exercise group, the changes in body fat mass and body fat percent showed a significant difference between the treatment period and the observation period. KOQOL were also significantly improved at 12 week, but not in EQ-5D. No severe adverse events were observed. Conclusions: The integrated Korean medicine treatment could be effective to treat obesity including weight loss. It is necessary to prevent additional weight regain through regular exercise even after Korean medicine treatment.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.125-139
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• 2023

Objectives: This was a preliminary study to re-verify the reliability and validity of the Core Seven Emotions Inventory-Short Form (CSEI-s) and to establish standards for an objective scoring system such as T-scores and percentile for the normative group. Methods: Subjects were sampled through population-proportional regional allocation based on adults aged 20 or older and 65 or younger who voluntarily consented. Reliability was analyzed by performing an internal consistency (Cronbach's α) test and calculating means and standard deviations for each scale. The validity was analyzed between the CSEI-s and STAXI-K, SADS, COMOSWB, HADS, K-PANAS, Core emotions VAS. Results: The CSEI-s revealed notable gender discrepancies in aspects such as thought (思), fear (恐), and fright (驚), with women generally scoring higher than men. CSEI-s scores showed statistically significant differences in joy (喜) and thought (思) between those in their 20s and those in their 50s and 60s. As a result of the validity analysis, the seven-factor configuration was found to be statistically valid, and as a result of the correlation analysis with the coexistence scale, the correlation between each emotion and the seven emotions was found to be statistically significant. Cronbach's α for the CSEI-s was .891, showing statistically significant reliability. Conclusions: A preliminary study was conducted to standardize the shortened form of the Core Emotion Scale, and the reliability and validity were confirmed. A main survey of more people should be conducted in the future. Future results can contribute to revitalizing the development of oriental medicine evaluation tools and establishing an evidence base by standardizing the CSEI-s.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2023

Objective : The typical decline in function due to aging includes limitations in vision, hearing, cognitive function, and activities of daily living. Therefore, this study evaluated the mediating effect of cognitive function on the relationship between vision and hearing and activities of daily living. Methods : The participants in this study were 36,767 persons from the long-term care database on older adults provided by the National Health Insurance Sharing Service. The extracted variables were: (i) independent variables: visual and hearing; (ii) dependent variables: basic and instrumental daily living activities; and (iii) mediator variables: cognitive function. Regression analysis was performed evaluate the mediating effects of the extracted variables. Results : Cognitive function showed a mediating effect of 30% on the relationship between vision and basic daily life activities and 42% in the relationship with instrumental daily life activities. The mediating effect was 50% in the relationship between hearing and basic activities of daily living, and 53% in the relationship with instrumental activities of daily living. Conclusion : Prevention programs for functional decline due to aging are in progress in Korea. Based on the results of this study, establishing a prevention program would help promote successful aging.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.23-48
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the flow of domestic information literacy education research using keyword network analysis and topic modeling and to explore the direction of information literacy education in the future. For this reason, 306 academic papers related to information literacy education published in academic journals of the library and information science field in Korea were chosen. And through the preprocessing process for abstracts of the paper, total keyword appearance frequency, keyword appearance frequency by period, and keyword simultaneous occurrence frequency were analyzed. Subsequently, keyword network analysis analyzed the degree centrality, between centrality, and eigenvector centrality of keywords. Using structural topic modeling analysis, 15 topics -curriculum, information literacy effect, contents of information literacy education, school library education, information media literacy, information literacy ability evaluation index, library anxiety, public library program, health information literacy ability, digital divide, library assisted instruction improvement, research trend, information literacy model, and teacher role-were derived. In addition, the trend of topics by year was analyzed to confirm the change in relative weight by topic. Based on these results, the direction of information literacy education and the suggestions for follow-up research were presented.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.209-220
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• 2022

With the worldwide spread of African swine fever, interest in livestock epidemics has increased. Livestock transport vehicles are the main cause of the spread of livestock epidemics, but there are no empirical quarantine procedures and standards related to the mobility of livestock transport vehicles in South Korea. This study extracted the trajectory of livestock-related vehicles using the facility-visit history data from the Korea Animal Health Integrated System and the DTG (Digital Tachograph) data from the Korea Transportation Safety Authority. The results are presented as exposure indices aggregating the link-time occupancy of each vehicle. As a result, 274,519 livestock-related vehicle trajectories were extracted, and the exposure values by link and zone were derived quantitatively. This study highlights the need for prior monitoring of livestock transport vehicles and the establishment of post-disaster prevention policies.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.111-122
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• 2023

Objective : To identify the effect of lifestyle risk factors on the daily activities and cognition of the older adults in the community using the National Health Insurance Corporation 2015 geriatric cohort database. Methods : Lifestyle risk factors were defined as body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, vigorous exercise, moderate exercise, and walking, and basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) and cognitive function variables were included in the analysis. ADL and cognitive function according to sex and age were analyzed using a t-test and one-way ANOVA. The correlation between lifestyle risk factors, ADL, and cognitive function was analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze their influence. Results : The factors affecting basic ADL (BADL) were sex and walking exercises, with an explanatory power of 1.7%. Instrumental ADL (IADL) included age, drinking, and walking exercises, with an explanatory power of 2.6%. Cognitive function included sex, age, BMI, vigorous exercise, and walking, with an explanatory power of 5.3%. Conclusion : Lifestyle risk factors partially affected BADLs/IADLs and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. This suggests the need to systematically manage lifestyle risk factors to improve and maintain the healthy lives of older adults facing biological aging.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.55-62
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• 2023

Innovation and change are occurring rapidly in the agriculture and livestock industry, and new technologies such as smart bams are being introduced, and data that can be used to control equipment is being collected by utilizing various sensors. However, there are various challenges in the operation of bams, and virtual sensor technology is needed to solve these challenges. In this paper, we define various data items and sensor data types used in livestock farms, study cases that utilize virtual sensors in other fields, and implement and design a virtual sensor system for the final smart livestock farm. MBE and EVRMSE were used to evaluate the finalized system and analyze performance indicators. As a result of collecting and managing data using virtual sensors, there was no obvious difference in data values from physical sensors, showing satisfactory results. By utilizing the virtual sensor system in smart livestock farms, innovation and efficiency improvement can be expected in various areas such as livestock operation and livestock health status monitoring. This paper proposes an innovative method of data collection and management by utilizing virtual sensor technology in the field of smart livestock, and has obtained important results in verifying its performance. As a future research task, we would like to explore the connection of digital livestock using virtual sensors.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.815-822
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• 2023

Organic pollution is one of the most common forms of water contamination. Under the Water Quality Conservation Act, indicators for measuring organic substances include BOD, COD, and TOC. Analysis of BOD and COD is labor-intensive, and in the case of organic substances where biological decomposition is not feasible or toxic substances are present, the accuracy is often low. Therefore, the Ministry of Environment is shifting towards TOC-centric management. With advancements in sensor technology today, various parameters can be monitored using sensors. In this study, digital monitoring of river TOC using a spectrophotometer called Spectro::lyser V3 was conducted. Initially, experiments were carried out at the Andong River Experiment Center to assess the applicability of the measurement equipment. Subsequently, data collected at the confluence of the Nakdong River was analyzed for the spatial distribution of TOC using the Kriging technique. This research proposes the utilization of sensors for river TOC monitoring and spatial distribution analysis. Real-time monitoring of changes in river TOC concentration can serve as fundamental data for pollution monitoring and response. Sensor-based river monitoring offers advantages in terms of temporal resolution and real-time data acquisition. When various spatial information interpretation methods are applied, it is expected to contribute to diverse studies such as aquatic ecological health, river water source selection, and stratification analysis in the future.