• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.99-110
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• 2020

The objective of this study is to analyze the trend of changes in the water circulation rates under climate change by adopting the concept of WCR defined by the Ministry of Environment. With the need for sound water circulation recovery, the MOE proposed the idea of WCR as (1-direct flow/precipitation). The guideline for calculating WCR suggests the SCS method, which is only suitable for short term rainfall events. However, climate change, which affects WCR significantly, is a global phenomenon and happens gradually over a long period. Therefore, long-term trends in WCRs should also be considered when analyzing changes in WCR due to climate change. RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios were used to simulate future runoff. SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was run under the future daily data from GCMs (General Circulation Models) after the calibration. In 2085s, monthly WCR decreased by 4.2-9.9% and 3.3-8.7% in April and October. However, the WCR in the winter increased as the precipitation during the winter decreased compared to the baseline. In the aspect of yearly WCR, the value showed a decrease in most GCMs in the mid-long future. In particular, in the case of the RCP 8.5 scenario, the WCR reduced 2-3 times rapidly than the RCP 4.5 scenario. The WCR of 2055s did not significantly differ from the 2025s, but the value declined by 0.6-2.8% at 2085s.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.10 no.3 s.21
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• pp.17-27
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• 2002

It is desirable to use a photogrammetric scanner to minimize the errors from the scanning procedure in case of building aerial photo image DB. The photogrammetric scanner, however, is highly expensive to have only limited number of scanners available, therefore the general-purpose scanners have been considered as an alternative. This study has mainly been focused to see the possibility of the general-purpose scanner to be used for scanning aerial photographs. For that, the analysis of the image coordinates were made as well as the accuracy evaluation of each phase. In addition to that, as the application of the orthophoto images has been increased, the magnitudes of the errors from the DEM generation and orthophoto projection were analyzed. Also, the calibration program was developed to verify the geometric distortion of the automatic scanner to contribute to enhance the quality of the aerial photo image DB.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.458-464
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• 2015

This paper proposes a portable 3-D scanning technique using a laser pointer. 3-D scanning is a process that acquires surface information from an 3-D object. There have been many studies on 3-D scanning. The methods of 3-D scanning are summarized into some methods based on multiple cameras, line lasers, and light pattern recognition. However, those methods has major disadvantages of their high cost and big size for portable appliances such as smartphones and digital cameras. In this paper, a 3-D scanning system using a low-cost and small-sized laser pointer are introduced to solve the problems. To do so, we propose a 3-D localization technique for a laser point. The proposed method consists of two main parts; one is a fast recognition of input images to obtain 2-D information of a point laser and the other is calibration based on the least-squares technique to calculate the 3-D information overall. To verified our method, we carry out experiments. It is proved that the proposed method provides 3-D surface information although the system is constructed by extremely low-cost parts such a chip laser pointer, compared to existing methods. Also, the method can be implemented in small-size; thus, it is enough to use in mobile devices such as smartphones.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.207-213
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• 2018

This paper investigates applicability of Microsoft $Kinect^{(R)}$, RGB-depth camera, to implement a 3D image and spatial information for sensing a target. The relationship between the image of the Kinect camera and the pixel coordinate system is formulated. The calibration of the camera provides the depth and RGB information of the target. The intrinsic parameters are calculated through a checker board experiment and focal length, principal point, and distortion coefficient are obtained. The extrinsic parameters regarding the relationship between the two Kinect cameras consist of rotational matrix and translational vector. The spatial images of 2D projection space are converted to a 3D images, resulting on spatial information on the basis of the depth and RGB information. The measurement is verified through comparison with the length and location of the 2D images of the target structure.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.545-550
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• 2004

An Image processing algorithm was developed and tested to detect abnormal parts, such as esophagitis, with the information on the color and the texture in a digital clinic endoscopic image by using discriminal analysis. In order to develope the algorithm, the critical parameters from many parameters were found to distinguish between normal and abnormal part in the various images. The Inflammation and ulceration which are very important diagnostic indexes were detected by the algorithm. The algorithm proved to a reliable program for detecting abnormal parts with 20 images. A success rate was 92.8% and 92.4% in the calibration stage and the validation stage by using the algorithm with discriminal analysis.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.431-441
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to construct a model of MVCT(Megavoltage Computed Tomography) dose calculation by using Dosimetry Check™, a program that radiation treatment dose verification, and establish a protocol that can be accumulated to the radiation treatment dose distribution. We acquired sinogram of MVCT after air scan in Fine, Normal, Coarse mode. Dosimetry Check™(DC) program can analyze only DICOM(Digital Imaging Communications in Medicine) format, however acquired sinogram is dat format. Thus, we made MVCT RC-DICOM format by using acquired sinogram. In addition, we made MVCT RP-DICOM by using principle of generating MLC(Multi-leaf Collimator) control points at half location of pitch in treatment RP-DICOM. The MVCT imaging dose in fine mode was measured by using ionization chamber, and normalized to the MVCT dose calculation model, the MVCT imaging dose of Normal, Coarse mode was calculated by using DC program. As a results, 2.08 cGy was measured by using ionization chamber in Fine mode and normalized based on the measured dose in DC program. After normalization, the result of MVCT dose calculation in Normal, Coarse mode, each mode was calculated 0.957, 0.621 cGy. Finally, the dose resulting from the process for acquisition of MVCT can be accumulated to the treatment dose distribution for dose evaluation. It is believed that this could be contribute clinically to a more realistic dose evaluation. From now on, it is considered that it will be able to provide more accurate and realistic dose information in radiation therapy planning evaluation by using Tomotherapy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.182-182
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• 2022

4차산업 기술이 상수도 관망 분야에도 활발히 도입되며 스마트워터 구축에 기술적인 기반이 마련되고 있다. 이중 디지털트윈의 경우 컴퓨터에 현실 속 사물의 쌍둥이를 만들고, 현실에서 발생할 수 있는 상황을 컴퓨터로 시뮬레이션함으로써 결과를 미리 예측하는 기술로 정의된다. 즉, 디지털트윈의 핵심기술은 시각화와 시뮬레이션 모형의 연계로 실시간 상황 표출뿐만 아니라 시뮬레이션 모형 입력값의 미래 변화를 추정하여 해당 사물의 상태를 예측하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 상수도 관망의 경우도 디지털트윈 모형 구축 시 정교한 시뮬레이션 모형과 연계를 통해 관측 데이터의 표출과 함께 미관측 지점의 데이터를 추정 및 표출하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 디지털트윈 모형 구축에 가장 필수적이라고 할 수 있는 상수도 관망의 해석 프로그램 매개변수 검보정 모형을 소개한다. 대표적인 상수도 관망해석 프로그램인 EPANET2.2의경우 입력값으로 주로 수요량과 관로의 조도계수를 요구하며, 본 연구에서는 수요량은 알고 있는 것으로 가정하고 관로의 조도계수만 Markov-Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)를 사용하여 검보정한다. 해당 모형은 (1) 실시간 조도계수 추정이 가능하면, (2) 동시에 누수 탐지가 가능하고, (3) 관로의 기능적 노후를 정의하여 향후 디지털트윈 모형 구현 시 관로 노후를 표출할 수 있는 기반을 구축한다. 우선 실시간 조도계수 추정은 데이터베이스와 연동하여 진행하며, MCMC 모형을 활용한 관로 별 조도계수의 분포에 따라 정상범위 내 변동이 발생하는지 여부를 판단한다. 이때 정상범위를 벗어난 변동이 발생하는 경우 잠재적 누수가 존재하는 것으로 가정하며, 콜모고로프-스미르노프(KS) 테스트를 통해 이를 판단한다. 기능적 노후는 관로의 통수능과 연관이 있으며, 추정한 조도계수에 따른 관로의 통수능을 산정하여 결과를 표출한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 모형은 향후 상수도 관망 디지털트윈 구현에 핵심 요소기술로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.24-33
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• 2018

DSM and orthoimage, which are representative results of UAV photogrammetry, are high-quality spatial information data and are widely used in various fields of spatial information industry in recent years. However, the UAV photogrammetry has a problem that the quality of the output of the UAV deteriorates due to the altitude of the UAV, the camera calibration, the weather conditions at the time of shooting, the performance of the GPS / IMU and the number of the ground reference points. The purpose of this study is to analyze the location accuracy of unmanned aerial photogrammetry according to the change of the number if ground control points. Experiments were made with fixed wing, and the shooting altitude was set at 130m and 260m. The number of ground reference points used was 9, 8, 5, and 4, respectively. Ten checkpoints were used. XY RMSE for orthoimage and Z RMSE for DSM were compared and analyzed. In addition, the resolution of the orthoimage was determined to affect the judgment of the operator in the verification of the planimetric position accuracy, and the visual resolution was analyzed using the Siemens star target. As a result of the analysis, the variation of the vertical position accuracy is larger than the variation of the planimetric position accuracy when the number of the ground reference points are different. Also The higher the flying height, the greater the effect of change of ground control points on position accuracy.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.1 s.30
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• pp.80-90
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• 2006

A simple 2D gaze tracking method using single camera and Purkinje image is proposed. This method employs single camera with infrared filter to capture one eye and two infrared light sources to make reflection points for estimating corresponding gaze point on the screen from user's eyes. Single camera, infrared light sources and user's head can be slightly moved. Thus, it renders simple and flexible system without using any inconvenient fixed equipments or assuming fixed head. The system also includes a simple and accurate personal calibration procedure. Before using the system, each user only has to stare at two target points for a few seconds so that the system can initiate user's individual factors of estimating algorithm. The proposed system has been developed to work in real-time providing over 10 frames per second with XGA $(1024{\times}768)$ resolution. The test results of nine objects of three subjects show that the system is achieving an average estimation error less than I degree.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 2007

The alpine agricultural activities are usually performed at higher and steep areas in nature. Thus, significant amounts of soil erosion are occurring compared with those from other areas. Thus, the soil erosion induced environmental impacts in these areas are getting greater. The Doam watershed is located at alpine areas and it has been well known that the agricultural activities in the watershed are causing accelerated soil erosion and water quality degradations. Many modeling approaches were employed to solve soil erosion and water quality issues. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was utilized to simulate the hydrologic and sediment behaviors in the Doam watershed. In many previous modeling studies, the digital soil map and its corresponding soil properties were used without modification to reflect soil conditioning at many agricultural fields of the Doam watershed. Thus, the soil sample was taken at the agricultural field within the Doam watershed and analyzed for its physical properties. In this study, the digital topsoil properties in the agricultural fields within the Doam watershed were replaced with the soil properties for reconditioned soil analyzed in this study to simulate the impacts of using soil properties for reconditioned soil in hydrologic and sediment modeling at the Doam watershed using the SWAT model. The hydrologic component of the SWAT model was calibrated and validated for measured flow data from 2002 to 2003. The $R^2$ value was 0.79 and the EI value was 0.53 for weekly simulated data. The calibrated model parameters were used for hydrologic component validation and the $R^2$ value was 0.86 and the EI value was 0.74 for weekly data. For sediment comparison, the $R^2$ value was 0.67 and the EI value was 0.59. These statistics improved with the use of soil properties of the reconditioned soil in the field compared with the results obtained without considering soil reconditioning. The simulated sediment amounts with and without considering the soil properties of the reconditioned soil were 284,813 ton and 158,369 ton, respectively. This result indicates that there could be approximately 79% of errors in estimated sediment yield at the Doam watershed, although the model comparison with the measured data gave similar satisfactory statistics with and without considering soil properties from the reconditioned soil.