• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 1994

The states of development of remote sensing, GIS and forest management technology are such that new directions in forest surveys and management are possible. The technologies can not be considered separately. With the increasing power and decreasing cost of computer processing and the development of inexpensive mass storage media, digital remote sensing applications are becoming more practical. Powerful microcomputer-based image analysis systems and GIS are important advancements. As well, it is only a matter of time before the integration of remote sensing image analysis systems and GIS becomes transparent to the users. Implementation of operational applications by both centralized agencies and local units is, therefore, becoming practical. This paper discussed the state of remote sensing technology and its application to forest surveys and management. The relative advantages and disadvantages of readily available remote sensing products for regional biodiversity assessment were summarized. Discussion is limited to the sources of up-to-date imagery suitable for regional land use/cover mapping, specifically : LANDSAT MSS and TM, and SPOT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2015

In this study, we performed a study on prevention of the escape hoist heavy objects on the basis of the case of a disaster occurring during crane operations. A safety hook of the automatic fastening and coupling method by the conventional coupling method, the weight of the outside consisting of a combination of a safety ring structure was designed and manufactured. The main mechanism three-dimensional detail design and structural analysis confirmed the structure and stability of small strain than the allowable stress of the Safety Hook with X-jog through. Safety factor was confirmed to represent the average 1.5 to 1.2 higher than the safety factor to be considered in the general design structure. Therefore, Safety Hook and X-jog in the present study is to be operated upon structural stability is a structure attached to the hoist and crane are considered sufficient.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.148-148
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• 2017

방역 차량의 약액탱크, 차량의 연료, 워셔액 등의 탱크 내부에는 잔존량을 측정하기 위해 기둥과 floating box로 이루어진 부력식 수위레벨센서가 사용되고 있으나 액체레벨에 따라 float이 상하로 움직이는 측정원리상 차량 주행 중 정확성이 매우 떨어진다(Park et al. 2016). 방역차량이 주행 중 분사할 때, 슬로싱 현상과 방역소독기의 노즐과 펌프에서 발생하는 진동으로 인해 기존의 부력식 센서를 이용한 약제 살포량 측정방법은 정확성이 매우 떨어지는 경향이 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 방역차량이 주행하면서 분사할 때, 수위레벨 센서를 이용한 약제살포량 측정의 정확성을 개선하는 것으로 디지털 칼만필터, Low pass filter와 댐퍼를 제작하여 이용했다. 본 연구에서는 압력식 레벨센서를 이용해 약액탱크의 높이당 단면적과 수위를 측정하여 약제살포량을 계산했다. Python 2.7을 이용해 디지털 칼만필터와 Low pass filter(LPF)를 구현하였으며 3D프린터를 이용해 댐퍼를 제작했다. 실내에서 슬로싱 현상을 인공적으로 만들어 필터와 댐퍼의 수위 측정 정확성 개선효과를 확인 후 실제 방역차량에 부착하여 비포장도로에서 주행하면서 분사할 때 필터와 댐퍼의 효과를 확인하였다. 댐퍼의 공극률(p)을 바꿔가며 수위 측정 정확성 개선효과를 확인하였다. 실내, 현장 실험 결과, 칼만필터가 LPF보다 개선효과가 더 크지만 데이터 50개 처리에 1.71초의 시간지연이 발생했다. 댐퍼는 수위센서를 고정시키고 유체의 운동을 방해하여 이상치와 큰 오차제거에 효과적이었다. 칼만필터와 댐퍼를 동시에 이용할 경우, 수위 측정정확성 $R^2$는 0.9985, 0.9981로 ${\pm}4.3cm$의 범위내에서 수위를 측정할 수 있었다. 필터의 시간지연과 수위 측정정확성을 고려하여 데이터 기록간격을 3초로 설정하면 ${\pm}3cm$이내에서 약탱크 내 수위를 측정할 수 있었다. 공극률(p)가 0.294, 0.291, 0.17에서 측정정확성 $R^2$는 각각 0.9897, 0.9858, 0.9872 로 p가 0.294에서 개선효과가 가장 좋았으나 개선효과의 차이는 크지 않았다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.579-586
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• 2019

The national base map of Korea has become more useful as the spatial information industry has developed rapidly. Beyond the simple application of the past paper map era, the role as important spatial information in the smart city and digital twin era is required with the IT (Information Technology) revolution. Therefore, the concepts of seamless, multi scale, object-oriented, customized production and real-time updating have emerged, and innovations in the distribution process through the internet are also taking place. Although the concept and definition in the law that is corresponds to the status of the national base map must be supported, the concept and definition of the paper map introduced from the surveying law in 1980 still exist. The definition of the national base map cannot meet current technological developments and social needs and does not reflect the perceptions of the majority of the people as well as the practical capacity of government organizations that manage it. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the concept of national base map in accordance with the current situation and to define it in the law. In this study, the concept of national base map was established and defined by comprehensive analysis of the development process of the national base map, the changes in the times and cases of the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.48-60
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• 2000

This study is aimed to clarify the distribution chracteristics of marine terraces and extract the specific surface at Gampo-eup, Gyeongju city on the map of 1:5,000 using GIS. The effects and problems occurred on the process of using GIS were investigated for the research of marine terrace. The longitudinal profile analysis was carried out along the 12 sections on the geomorphic surfaces of the study area, and actually High higher surface(HH-surface) was found over 100m a.s.l., which has not been reported till now. And the occupancy rate could be calculated by substitution on the height between 4m and 87m a.s.l. for each mean slope degree $1-5^{\circ}$ obtained from the actual measuring along four sections. Consequently the lower-I surface was highly reliable to use as the key bed for studying marine terraces. The accurate and detail analysis about the marine terraces is able to be accomplished on the basis of meaningful actual measuring, though its general possible distribution area can be extracted from GIS with the less effort. Namely the quantified results obtained from GIS could offer the basis for the objective analysis of the geomorphic surfaces. And we can look over the landscape and investigate the surfaces with reliefs effectively in relation to the real geomorphology on the study area, where in situ approach is difficult. But the digital map with a large scale should be offered first of all in order to raise the accuracy of the analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.106-118
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• 2009

Satellite imagery with high resolution of about one meter is used widely in commerce and government applications ranging from earth observation and monitoring to national digital mapping. Due to the expensiveness of IKONOS Pro and Precision products, it is attractive to use the low-cost IKONOS Geo product with vendor-provided rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs), to produce highly accurate mapping products. The imaging geometry of IKONOS high-resolution imagery is described by RFs instead of rigorous sensor models. This paper presents four different polynomial models, that are the offset model, the scale and offset model, the Affine model, and the 2nd-order polynomial model, defined respectively in object space and image space to improve the accuracies of the RF-derived ground coordinates. Not only the algorithm for RF-based ground coordinates but also the algorithm for accuracy improvement of RF-based ground coordinates are developed which is based on the four models, The experiment also evaluates the effect of different cartographic parameters such as the number, configuration, and accuracy of ground control points on the accuracy of geopositioning. As the result of a experimental application, the root mean square errors of three dimensional ground coordinates which are first derived by vendor-provided Rational Function models were averagely 8.035m in X, 10.020m in Y and 13.318m in Z direction. After applying polynomial correction algorithm, those errors were dramatically decreased to averagely 2.791m in X, 2.520m in Y and 1.441m in Z. That is, accuracy was greatly improved by 65% in planmetry and 89% in vertical direction.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.156-164
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess changes in remineralization by stimulated human saliva over a short period of 48 hours with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology. Materials and Methods: Bovine incisor surfaces were demineralized for 10 days. Two types of stimulated saliva were collected from 7 healthy persons. 24 hours after tooth brushing (Stimulated saliva group) and immediately after tooth brushing with 1,000 ppm NaF dentifrice (Dentifrice saliva group). The specimens were immersed in saliva and fluorescence images were obtained by QLF-digital (QLF-D $biluminator^{TM}$,) at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours fluorescence loss (${\Delta}F%$) of the lesions. A paired t-test was performed to assess fluorescence differences between before (${\Delta}F_{baseline}$) and after (${\Delta}F_{treatment\;time}$) the remineralization process. Results: Before the remineralization, the mean ${\Delta}F_{baseline}$ of the initial demineralized specimens was $-18.42{\pm}0.15$ (%). In both groups, the ${\Delta}F$ values obtained at baseline and after 2 hours were statistically significant (P < 0.001), indicating recovery of the lesions by approximately 40% after 2 hours. After 48 hours, remineralization rates were slightly higher (49%) for the stimulated saliva group than for the dentifrice saliva group (41%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: With QLF minute degrees of remineralization by saliva can be measured in periods as short as 2 hours. Additionally no significantly higher effects of remineralization were observed in the dentifrice saliva group when compared to the stimulated saliva group.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.161-174
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• 2003

Choice and use of color are very important field for designer. Present color sprang by central field of design business unlike past. Color is used mainly by three fields of sensitivity, administration, mind. But, do substantial design including all of three fields at use. Practical research field that is based on basic research when see as actuality of domestic color design is been behind real condition. Specially, color sensitivity field and color management field are very important field, it can speak that color name arid related area are most important among two. Because collar name includes sensitivity and color management. This research constructs correct data because investigate and analyze and search all compatible color names that is announced in existing or is recorded in public cosmopolitanly. As a result, it is to promise accuracy when produce creation of idea and result of design using color name. Examined laying stress on color that domestic data that is used in research is basis with Korean industrial Standard, connection literature, on-the-spot probe. International data investigated American ISCC-NBS to base. Other abroad color name data examined official data of each country all systematically with Japan, Europe. Findings about 11,000 basis color names and 33,000 application color names sorted collection. Collection method and classification system follow in international standard and arranged for user's tile convenience. Also, use frequency did laying stress on Munsell that is high color system so that can aid in industrial design business. Improved to write all international standard color values sue as RGB, CMYK, XYZ and can be applied all in each field of design. Is applying and get along with continuation improvement and development in homepage of present KIDP, it may become more worth research.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.55-68
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• 1999

Many ITS services require map databases in digital form to meet desired needs. Due to the dynamic nature of ITS and the sheer diversity of applications, the design and development of spatial databases to meet those needs pose a major challenge to both the public and private sectors. This challenge is further complicated by the necessity to transfer locationally referenced information between different kinds of databases and spatial data handling systems so that ITS products will work seamlessly across the region and nation. The Purpose of this paper is to develop the framework-models commonly to reference locations in the various applications and systems-the ITS Map Datum and LRS(Location Referencing System). The ITS Map Datum consists of the around control points which are the prime intersections (nodes) of the nationwide road network In this study, the major points have been determined along wish link-node modeling procedure. LRS, defined as a system for determining the position (location) of an entity relative to other entities or to some external frame of reference, has also been set up using CSOM type method. The method has been implemented using ArcView GIS software over the Kangnam and Seocho districts in the city of Seoul, showing that the implemented LRS scheme can be used successfully elsewhere. With the proper advent of the K.ITS architecture and services, the procedure can be used to improve the data sharing and to inter operate among systems, enhancing the efficiency both in terms of money and time.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.617-628
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to prepare snowmelt parameters using RS and GIS and to assess the snowmelt impact in SLURP (Semi-distributed Land Use-based Runoff Process) model for Chungju-Dam watershed $(6,661.5km^2)$. Three sets of NOAA AVHRR images (1998-1999, 2000-2001, 2001-2002) were analyzed to prepare snow-related data of the model during winter period. Snow cover areas were extracted using 1, 3 and 4 channels, and the snow depth was spatially interpolated using snowfall data of ground meteorological stations. With the snowmelt parameters, DEM (Digital Elevation Model), land cover, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and weather data, the model was calibrated for 3 years (1998, 2000, 2001), and verified for 1 year (1999) using the calibrated parameters. The average Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies for 4 years (1998-2001) discharge comparison with and without snowmelt parameters were 0.76 and 0.73 for the full period, and 0.57 and 0.19 for the period of January to May. The results showed that the spatially prepared snow-related data reduced the calibration effort and enhanced the model results.