• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1997년도 춘계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.29-29
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• 1997

ZSM-5계 제올라이트는 직경이 약 6${\AA}$인 균일한 3차원 채널 형태의 기공을 형성하므로 이를 이용한 기체 분리막은 분자체가름(molecular sieving)이나 미세기공확산(micropore diffusion) 및 표면확산(surface diffusion) 메커니즘에 의해 최근 지구 온난화의 주범으로 지목되고 있는 CO$_2$ 기체에 대해 높은 분리 효율을 기대할 수 있으므로 ZSM-5 복합분리막의 제조 및 기체 투과 특성과 CO$_2$ 분리 특성에 대해 연구하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 콜로이달 실리카 졸에 질산 알루미늄, 수산화 나트륨 및 TPABr을 첨가한 혼합졸과 물유리를 증류수로 희석한 후 TPBr을 첨가한 용액을 각각 150~180${\AA}$의 온도 범위의 오토클레이브에서 수열 처리하여 ZSM-5와 실리카라이트를 합성하였다. 합성 제올라이트의 결정 구조는 사방정이었으나 450${\AA}$에서 하소하였을 때에는 단사정으로 전이됨과 동시에 채널 속을 채우고 있던 TPABr이 제거되면서 제올라이트의 3차원 채널 형태의 기공 구조가 생성되었다. 제올라이트 결정의 형상과 크기는 실리카 공급원과 반응용액/졸의 농도에 따라 매우 민감하게 변화되었다. 하소 제올라이트의 비표면적은 약 360 m$^2$/g 이었다. 합성 제올라이트의 표면은 소수성인 반면에 높은 CO$_2$ 흡착능을 갖고 있어서 CO$_2$ 분리용 막의 재료로써 적합하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2012

소화약제의 국소방출방식 개념이 적용될 수 있는 대향류 확산화염을 대상으로 $CO_2$ 소화약제의 소화기구를 재조명하기 위한 연구가 시도되었다. 이를 위해 연료 또는 공기류에 $CO_2$가 첨가된 낮은 총괄신장율의 $CH_4$/air 대향류 확산화염이 상세반응을 이용한 수치해석을 통해 검토되었다. 첨가된 $CO_2$를 포함한 복사 참여 화학종의 복사 열손실을 고려하기 위하여 optically thin model(OTM)이 적용되었다. 주요 결과로서, 공기류에 첨가된 $CO_2$의 소화농도 예측결과는 문헌에 보고된 실험결과를 적절하게 예측하고 있으나, 연료류에 첨가된 경우 다소 과소 예측된 결과를 확인하였다. 소화효과에 대한 정량적 분석을 위하여 가상의 소화약제의 개념이 도입되었다. $CO_2$ 소화효과의 분석을 통해 총괄신장율($a_g$)에 따른 순수 희석효과, 복사 열손실 및 열용량에 의한 열적효과 그리고 $CO_2$의 연쇄반응 억제를 통한 화학적 효과의 정량적 기여도를 구체적으로 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2017

In this study, the effect of Tb inward diffusion on the magnetic properties of the Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets was studied. After sintering of the magnets, $TbF_3$ slurries were dip-coated on the surface of the samples, then heat-treatment was followed for $TbF_3$ diffusion. The element distribution in the magnets and the diffusion profiles of Tb ions were analyzed by an EPMA (electron probe micro-analyzer). Prolonged heat treatment resulted in a deeper diffusion length of Tb ions. Coercivity of the $1^{st}$ heat-treated sample showed 21.86 kOe, while that of the $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$ heat-treated and annealed sample revealed 34 kOe.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2003

The MarM247 based superalloy (8wt.%Cr- 9wt.%Co- 3wt.%Ta- 1.5wt.%Hf- 5.6%wt.Al- 9.5wt.%W- Bal. Ni) specimens were diffusion aluminized by for types of pack cementation methods, and their coating structure and their high temperature oxidation resistance were investigated. The coated specimens treated at 973K in high aluminum concentration pack had a coating layer containing large hafunium rich precipitates, which were originally included in substrate alloy. After the high temperature oxidation test in air containing 30 vol.% $H_2O$ at 1273K ~ 323K, the deep localized corrosion which reached to the substrate were observed along with these hafnium rich precipitates. On the other hand, the coated specimens treated at 1323K using low aluminum concentration pack showed the coating layer without the large hafunium rich precipitates, and after the high temperature oxidation test at 1273K for 1800 ksec, it did not show the deep localized corrosion. The nickel electroplating before the aluminizing forms thick hafnium free area, and its high temperature oxidation resistance were comparable to platinum modified aluminizing coatings at 1273K.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2005

The carbonation of concrete is one of the major factors that cause durability problems in concrete structures. The rate of carbonation depends largely upon the diffusivity of carbon dioxide in concrete. The purpose of this study is to identify the diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide for various concrete mixtures. To this end, several series of tests have been planned and conducted. The test results indicate that the diffusion coefficient increases with the increase of water-cement ratio. The diffusion coefficient decreases with the increase of relative humidity at the same water-cement ratio. The diffusion of carbon dioxide reached the steady state within about five hours after exposure. The content of aggregates also influences the diffusivity of carbon dioxide in concrete. It was found that the diffusion coefficient of cement paste is larger then that of concrete or mortar. The quantitative values of diffusivity of carbon dioxide in this study will allow more realistic assessment of carbonation depth in concrete structures.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2002

선박기관실과 유사한 공간내로 $CO_2$소화제를 분사했을 때 화재화염이 공기유동 및 $CO_2$소화제전달 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 노즐 위치에 따라 유동장과 $CO_2$농도장을 계산하였다. 한 경우를 제외한 모든 경우에서 시계방향과 반시계방향 재순환 유동이 노즐 좌, 우측영역에 형성되었으며, 이러한 재순환 유동이 질량전달과 $CO_2$소화제 확산경로에 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 화재화염이 위치한 1층 영역에서는 $CO_2$소화제 확산경로가 재순환 유동 확장경로와 일치하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2018

The important drawback of hardware fasteners consisted of 304 stainless steel (STS) is a frequent galling caused by a combination of friction and adhesion between the sliding surface. To improve the anti-galling effect, Sn-Al coatings by a thermal diffusion have been developed. The thermal diffusion by pack cementation with an $AlCl_3$ activator at $250^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour produced an Sn-Al alloy coating layer with an average thickness of $9.9{\pm}0.5{\mu}m$ on the surface of 304 STS fasteners. Compared with the galling frequency of the 304 STS fasteners, Sn-Al coatings on the surface of 304 STS fasteners demonstrated about 2.8-time reduction of the galling frequency.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2004

A Promising new approach to achieve low pollutant emissions and improvement of flame stability is tested experimentally using a cyclone jet hybrid combustor employing both premixed and diffusion combustion mode. Three kinds of nozzle are tested for mixing enhancement of fuel and air. The LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) is used as a fuel. The combustor is operated by two methods. One is DC (Diffusion Combustion) mode generated swirl flow by air as general swirl combustor, and the other is HC (Hybrid Combustion) mode. The HC mode consists of diffusion jet flame of axial direction and premixed cyclone flame of tangential direction in order to stabilized the diffusion jet flame. The results showed that the flame stability of HC mode is significantly enhanced than that of DC mode through the change of mixing characteristics by modifications of fuel nozzle. In addition, the reductions of CO and NOx emission in HC mode, as compared with that for the DC mode, is large than about 50% in stable region. Also, even using the low calorific fuel as $CO_2$-blended gas, it is identified that the cyclone jet hybrid combustor has the high performance of flame stability.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2003

The selectivity of a gas in the carbon molecular sieve membrane (CMSM) can be expressed as the ratio of the product of the diffusivity and the solubility of two different gases. The diffusivity is also expressed as the product of the entropy and the total energy (kinetic and potential energy) in the nano-sized pore of the membrane. The present study calculates the entropic-energy and selectivity of penetrant gases such as H$_2$, O$_2$, N$_2$, and CO$_2$ from the gas-in-a box theory to physically analyze the diffusivity of penetrant gas in slit-shaped pore of CMSM focusing on the restriction of gas motion based on the size difference between penetrant gas pairs. The contribution of each energy term is converted to entropic term separately. By the conjugated calculation for each entropic-energy, the entropic effects on diffusivity-selectivity for gas pairs such as H$_2$/N$_2$, CO$_2$/N$_2$, and O$_2$/N$_2$ were analyzed within active pore of CMSM. In the activated diffusion domain, the calculated value of entropic-selectivity lies between 9.25 and 111.6 for H$_2$/N$_2$, between 3.36 and 6.0 for CO$_2$/N$_2$, and between 1.25 and 16.94 for O$_2$/N$_2$, respectively. The size decrement of active pore in CMSM had the direct effect on the reduction of translational entropic-energy and the contribution of vibrational entropic-energy for N$_2$, O$_2$, and H$_2$ was almost negligible. However, the vibrational entropic term of CO$_2$ might extravagantly affect on the entropic-selectivity.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.463-476
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• 2016

In this study, application of polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactors for $CO_2$ removal from water in liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) mode was simulated. For this purpose, a steady state 2D mathematical model was developed. In this model axial and radial diffusion was considered to $CO_2$ permeation through the hollow fibers. $CO_2$ laden water is fed at a constant flow rate into the lumen side, permeated through the pores of membrane and at the end of this process, $CO_2$ solution in the lumen side was extracted by means of aqueous diethanolamine (DEA) and chemical reaction. The simulation results were validated with the experimental data and it was found a good agreement between them, which confirmed the reliability of the proposed model. Both simulation and experimental results confirmed the reduction in the percentage of $CO_2$ removal by increment of feed flow rate.