• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2014

In this study, the effect of bonding temperature and bonding pressure on deformation and tensile properties of diffusion bonded joint of STS304 compact heat exchanger was investigated. The diffusion bonds were prepared at 700, 800 and $900^{\circ}C$ for 30, 60 and 90 min in pressure of 3, 5, and 7 MPa under high vacuum condition. The height deformation of joint decreased and the width deformation of joint increased with increasing bonding pressure at $900^{\circ}C$. The ratio of non-bonded layer and void observed in the joint decreased with increasing bonding temperature and bonding pressure. Three types of the fracture surface were observed after tensile test. The non-bonded layer was observed in diffusion bonded joint preformed at $700^{\circ}C$, the non-bonded layer and void were observed at $800^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the ductile fracture occurred in diffusion bonded joint preformed at $900^{\circ}C$. Tensile load of joint bonded at $800^{\circ}C$ was proportional to length of bonded layer and tensile load of joint bonded at $900^{\circ}C$ was proportional to minimum width of pattern. The tensile strength of joint was same as base metal.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권25호
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• pp.175-184
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• 1995

Mechanical properties of the gas nitrocarburized product depend on the surface compound layer and the diffusion zone formed. The compound layer improves the wear resistance, and the corrosion resistance. Though phase composition, pore layer and growth rate of the compound layer varies according to the treatment time, temperature and the kind of the steel substrate, they are strongly influenced by the environmental gas composition. In the current study, the growth behavior of the compound layer and diffusion zone of the carbon steel and the alloy steel upon nitrocarburizing treatment at $570^{\circ}C$, and the phase composition and the variation in the growth rate of the compound layer according to the variation of the gas environment which was the medium of the nitriding and carburizing reaction were investigated.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.283-286
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• 2006

고밀도 자기기록용 Ba-페라이트/$SiO_{2}$ 자성박막에서 계면확산 장벽으로써 ${\alpha}-Al_{2}O_{3}$ 버퍼층의 역할을 연구하였다. 열처리동안 $1900{\AA}$의 두께를 가진 비정질 Ba-페라이트/$SiO_{2}$ 박막에서 계면확산은 약 $700^{\circ}C$에서 일어나기 시작하였다. 열처리온도를 $800^{\circ}C$까지 증가시켰을 때, 계면확산은 자기특성을 저하시킬 정도로 급격히 진행되었다. 고온에서의 계면확산을 억제하기 위하여, $110{\AA}$ 두께의 ${\alpha}-Al_{2}O_{3}$ 버퍼층을 Ba-페라이트/$SiO_{2}$ 박막의 계면에 증착하여 사용하였다. Ba-페라이트/${\alpha}-Al_{2}O_{3}/SiO_{2}$ 박막에서는 $800^{\circ}C$의 고온까지 열처리하여도 계면확산이 심각하게 일어나지는 않았다. ${\alpha}-Al_{2}O_{3}$ 버퍼층에 의하여 계면확산이 억제되기 때문에 Ba-페라이트 자성박막의 포화자속밀도와 보자력이 향상되었다. 따라서 Ba-페라이트/$SiO_{2}$ 박막의 계면에서 ${\alpha}-Al_{2}O_{3}$ 버퍼층은 $SiO_{2}$ 기판 성분의 계면확산 장벽으로 사용될 수 있다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.993-1000
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• 2017

임베디드 장비의 가용성을 고려했을 때, 안전성과 효율성이 동시에 제공될 수 있는 1차 마스킹과 하이딩 대응기법과 같이 조합된 대응기법은 꽤 매력적이다. 특히, 효율성을 제공하기 위하여 첫 번째와 마지막 라운드의 혼돈 및 확산 계층에 조합된 대응기법을 적용할 수 있다. 또한, 중간 라운드에는 1차 마스킹 또는 대응기법이 없게 구성한다. 본 논문에서, 확산 계층의 출력에서 낮은 복잡도를 갖는 최신 부채널 분석을 제안한다. 일반적으로, 공격자는 높은 공격 복잡도 때문에 확산 계층의 출력을 공격 타겟으로 설정할 수 없다. 블록 암호의 확산 계층이 AND 연산들로 구성되어있을 때, 공격 복잡도를 줄일 수 있다는 것을 보인다. 여기서, 우리는 주 알고리즘을 SEED로 간주한다. 그러면, S-box 출력과 확산 계층 출력과의 상관관계에 의해 $2^{32}$ 를 갖는 공격 복잡도는 $2^{16}$으로 줄일 수 있다. 더욱이, 일반적으로 주 타겟이 S-box 출력이라는 사실과 비교하였을 때, 시뮬레이션 파형에서 요구되는 파형 수가 43~98%가 감소할 수 있다는 것을 입증한다. 게다가, 실제 장비에서 100,000개 파형에 대해 일반적인 방법으로 옳은 키를 추출하는 것을 실패하였음에도, 제안된 방법에 의해 옳은 키를 찾는데 8,000개의 파형이면 충분하다는 것을 보인다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권8호
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• pp.461-465
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• 2009

We study the diffusion of Ag based bimetallic nanoclusters supported on graphite. Using a molecular dynamics simulation, we reveal that the Ag clusters show rapid diffusion because of their hexagonal bottom layer. In order to decrease the rate of diffusion, we added Pt and Ni to distort the structure of the alloy cluster (i.e., the alloying method). We expected Pt to provide a stronger force on Ag atoms, and Ni to shorten the bond length and thereby change the structure of Ag cluster. However, the attempt was unsuccessful, because Pt and Ni atoms formed cores inside the Ag clusters. We therefore designed a collision system where large Ag clusters collide with small Pt or Ni clusters. Upon collision with Pt clusters, the diffusion showed little change, because Pt atoms are substituted at the Ag atomic site and form a perfectly ordered structure. The collision with Ni, however, deforms the bottom layer as well as the overall cluster structure and decreases diffusion. This outcome appoints toward the possibility of further application to the manufacture of durable nanocatalysts.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.292-292
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• 2007

To apply PDP panel, Soda lime glass(SLG) is cheeper than Non-alkali glass and PD-200 glass but has problems such as low strain temperature and ion diffusion by alkali metal oxide. In this paper suggest the methode that prohibits ion diffusion by deposing barrier layer on SLG. Indium thin oxide(ITO) thin films and barrier layers were prepared on SLG substrate by Rf-magnetron sputtering. These films show a high electrical resistivity and rough uniformity as compared with PD-200 glass due to the alkali ion from the SLG on diffuse to the ITO film by the heat treatment. However these properties can be improved by introducing a barrier layer of $SiO_2\;or\;Al_2O_3$ between ITO film and SLG substrate. The characteristics of films were examined by the 4-point probe, SEM, UV-VIS spectrometer, and X-ray diffraction. GDS analysis confirmed that barrier layer inhibited Na and Ka ion diffusion from SLG. Especially ITO films deposited on the $Al_2O_3$ barrier layer had higher properties than those deposited on the $SiO_2$ barrier layer.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2001

EUV 노광공정의 반사형 노광계 및 마스크에 사용되는 Mo/Si 다층박막 착탁 시 발생하는 각 층의 두께 변화와 상호확산 층 (inter-diffusion layer)이 생성될 경우에 대하여 이들이 다층박막 반사도에 미치는 영향을 전산모사를 통하여 알아보았다. 본 연구그룹에서 개발한 다층박막 반사 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 사용하여 Mo/Si 40-period박막의 반사토플 계산한 결과, 각각의 period가 두께의 편챠(28%)를 갖는 경우, 모든 period가 같은 두께를 갖는 다층박막에 비해 최대반사도가 10.8% 감소가 되었으며 두 층간 물질 사이의 상호확산(interdiffustion) 층을 가정하였을 경우, 다층박막의 경우 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 4.7%의 최대반사도가 감소가 예상되었다. 그리고 각 층의 적층에 따른 반사도의 변화를 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 통해 계산한 결과 반사도는 25층까지 계속 증가하며 26층부터 불규칙한 경향성을 가지며 증가와 감소를 반복함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2016

Purpose: The aims of this study were to define the drying characteristics of rapeseed and to determine the optimum thin-layer drying model for rapeseed by considering the effects of drying temperature and relative humidity. Methods: The thin-layer drying experiments were conducted at different combinations of drying air temperature levels of 40, 50, and $60^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity levels of 30, 45, and 60%, on both of which drying rate depends. The drying rate increased with increasing air temperature as well as decreasing relative humidity. The 13 models were fitted to the experimental data. Results: From the results of the regression analysis for empirical constants of the Page model, the values of $R^2$ were the highest (ranging from 0.9924 to 0.9966) and the values of RMSE were the lowest (ranging from 0.0169 to 0.0296). Conclusions: For all drying conditions considered, the Page model was determined to be the most suitable model for describing the thin-layer drying of rapeseed (P-value < 0.01). The moisture diffusion coefficients were calculated using the moisture diffusion equation for a spherical shape, based on Fick's second law.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2012

In order to investigate the possibility of Ni-Al based intermetallics coating onto aluminum substrate, the coating process for induction heating has been evaluated by microscopically analyzing the intermetallic layers coated at temperatures lower than the melting temperature of aluminum. The coating layers were divided into two parts with different microstructure along the depth. Hard $NiAl_3$ layer was found at lower parts of the coatings near the interface with aluminum substrate. This layer was formed by the diffusion of aluminum atoms from the substrate into the coating layer across the interface during the induction heating. Meanwhile, at the upper parts of the coating near the surface, a large amount of un-reacted Ni was still remained and surrounded by several Ni-Al based intermetallic compounds, such as $Ni_3Al$, NiAl and $Ni_2Al_3$ formed by the lattice diffusion.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.207-210
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• 2005

In this paper, a two-dimensional cross-channel model was applied to investigate influence of the gas diffusion layer(GDL) property and flow field geometry in the anode side for proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC). The GDL is made of a porous material such as carbon cloth, carbon paper, or metal wire mesh. To the simplicity, the GDL is represented as a block of material containing numerous pathways through which gaseous reactants and liquid water can pass. The purpose of present work was to study the effect of the GDL thickness and the porosity, and flow field geometry by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)