• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.853-865
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and to analyze the task of gerontological nurse practitioners (GNPs) in Korea. Methods: The definition of GNP and job description was developed based on developing a curriculum (DACUM) by 7 panels who have experienced in DACUM analysis and gerontological nursing. One hundred sixty nurses who were working at long term care facilities were participated. The questionnaire included frequency, importance, and difficulty of duties, tasks, and task elements. The data were collected in November 2006, analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: The job description of GNPs in Korea revealed 5 duties, 23 tasks, and 86 task elements. On the all five duties, the highest duty in frequency and in importance was professional nursing care ($3.25{\pm}0.35$, $3.49{\pm}0.29$). But the highest duty in difficulty was research ($3.24{\pm}0.46$). 'Prevent health problem ($3.42{\pm}0.43$, $3.56{\pm}0.33$)', 'Teach other staffs ($2.83{\pm}0.77$, $3.39{\pm}0.43$)', 'Develop the evidence-based standards ($2.43{\pm}0.76$, $3.22{\pm}0.43$)', 'Develop the self ($2.81{\pm}0.65$, $3.26{\pm}0.42$)', and 'Participate the team activities' were the highest score in frequency and in criticality of tasks. 'Provide emotional support to older adults and families ($3.16{\pm}0.41$)', 'Counsel older adults and their families ($3.14{\pm}0.49$)', 'Do clinical research ($3.32{\pm}0.49$)', 'Quality insurance ($3.25{\pm}0.49$)', and 'Build collaborative system ($3.18{\pm}0.47$)' were perceived the most difficult tasks. Conclusion: The political efforts for the legislation of role and task of GNPs were needed.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.162-168
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• 1999

To investigate industrial fatigue and low back pain, the questionaire survey for subjective symptoms of fatigue and low back pain was carried out 305 nurses in general hospital in Korea. Nurses participated to this study were divided into low back pain group(LBP) and control group, according to the self-reports by written questionaires. The subjective sysptoms of fatigue comprised three groups of 10 items each, representing dullness and sleepiness(level of cerebral activation), difficulty in concentration(level of motivation) and bodily projection of fatigue. The resultant data were processed for $x^2$-test, t-test to confirm the associations. The results were as follows: 1. 28 items of fatigue subjective symptoms exept two item, 'feel thirsty and 'feel ill', were directly associated with low back pain. 2. The percentage of fatigue complaint were significantly higher in LBP group than control. 3. Of the 30 items of fatigue subjective symptoms, the highest percentage was accounted for 'legs feel heavy', 'eye strain', 'feel stiffness in the neck or the shoulders' followed by 'feel like lying', 'whole body feels tired', 'feel a pain in the low back', 'feel drowsy' and in the order of sequence. 4. The average weighted score for the first group of fatigue items(dullness and sleepiness) was the largest among three groups and was followed by the second group(difficulty in concentration) and the third group (bodily projection of fatigue) in the order of sequence, suggesting the heavier mental and shift work stress of the female workers.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2013

Objectives This study reports a case of rectal cancer patient treated with Dokhwaljihwang-tang. Methods The patient's subjective symptoms such as pain, sleeping difficulty, frequent defecation and dysuria were observed and the change of the quality of life(QOL) was evaluated using Functional Assessment of Cancer-Colon (FACT-C). Results After the treatment, symptoms such as pain, sleep disorder, defecation, and urination difficulty ameliorated and the score of the FACT-C improved. Conclusions A rectal cancer patient suffering from adverse consequences from the low anterior resection and the pain induced by the metastases showed the improvement of general condition and the quality of life after treated with Dokhwaljihwang-tang.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1225-1233
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• 2017

Objective: Calving ease (CE) is a complex reproductive trait of economic importance in dairy cattle. This study was aimed to investigate the genetic merits of CE for Holsteins in Korea. Methods: A total of 297,614 field records of CE, from 2000 to 2015, from first parity Holstein heifers were recorded initially. After necessary data pruning such as age at first calving (18 to 42 mo), gestation length, and presence of sire information, final datasets for CE consisted of 147,526 and 132,080 records for service sire calving ease (SCE) and daughter calving ease (DCE) evaluations, respectively. The CE categories were ordered and scores ranged from CE1 to CE5 (CE1, easy; CE2, slight assistance; CE3, moderate assistance; CE4, difficult calving; CE5, extreme difficulty calving). A linear transformation of CE score was obtained on each category using Snell procedure, and a scaling factor was applied to attain the spread between 0 (CE5) and 100% (CE1). A sire-maternal grandsire model analysis was performed using ASREML 3.0 software package. Results: The estimated direct heritability ($h^2$) from SCE and DCE evaluations were $0.11{\pm}0.01$ and $0.08{\pm}0.01$, respectively. Maternal $h^2$ estimates were $0.05{\pm}0.02$ and $0.04{\pm}0.01$ from SCE and DCE approaches, respectively. Estimates of genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic components were $-0.68{\pm}0.09$ (SCE) and $-0.71{\pm}0.09$ (DCE). The average direct genetic effect increased over time, whereas average maternal effect was low and consistent. The estimated direct predicted transmitting ability (PTA) was desirable and increasing over time, but the maternal PTA was undesirable and decreasing. Conclusion: The evidence on sufficient genetic variances in this study could reflect a possible selection improvement over time regarding ease of calving. It is expected that the estimated genetic parameters could be a valuable resource to formulate sire selection and breeding plans which would be directed towards the reduction of calving difficulty in Korean Holsteins.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2010

Purpose: To identify the need to reform in the crisis response of Health Teacher, School Nurse, in elementary school during epidemic outbreak of influenza H1N1. Methods: 139 elementary health teachers, school nurse, in seoul elementary school responded in the questionnaire, and we analysed by using frequency and percent, t-test, and paired t-test. Results: The Job status became 121% more 'during influenza H1N1 (flu) outbreak' than Job status of 'before outbreak'. The proportion of the flu-related duty among their daily workload was up to 77.5%. The administration-related workload of the flu-related duty was 30.8%. and students' health assessment including temperature measurement 18.7%. Furthermore, an impediment of usual daily work due to an increaed flu-related workload was 95.7%, and no alternative plan such as disposition of assistant labor force was 86.1%. Especially, an impediment of health education was 61.0%, so the major concern was the loss of health education. We compared average scores (a five-point Likert scale) of health teachers' work motivation, exhaustion, work relationship and Job management of 'during' with 'before' flu-outbreak. The difference range of 'during' minus 'before' work motivation score was from -0.4 points to -0.9; work exhaustion range from 1.8 to 1.9; the difficulty of relationship between students, school personnel, parents of students, and health teachers from 1.4 points to 1.3 points; and the consideration of changing Job, taking time off from the Job and retirement from 1.4 to 1.6 points. Conclusion: The health teachers had a heavy workload due to flu-outbreak. They also experienced the impediment of usual work implementation. However, there was a shortage of alternative plan such as disposition of an assistant labor force. Under their Job status like this, the health teachers' motivation score was decreased and work exhaustion was increased. Furthermore, they had a lot of relation difficulty with students and school personnel. Therefore, we suggested that in contrast to the usual Job status, there is a need to have a prepared response during school crisis like flu-outbreak such as improved response system in seoul metropolitan education office, simplification or dispersion of administrative work, and temporary call-center for simple inquiries or advices.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.469-479
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• 2001

본 연구는 1999 ${\sim}$ 2001학년도의 대학수학능력시험에서 지구과학 II 선택 경향 및 선택과목간의 점수를 비교하고, 지구과학 관련 문항의 탐구과정 및 내용 요소별 분포와 각 문항에 대한 학생의 반응을 분석하여 정답률이 낮은 문항에 대한 오답 유형을 추출하였다. 대학수학능력시험의 자연계 응시자는 1995학년도에 43.14%이었으나 최근 2년 동안에 급격히 줄어들어, 2001학년도에는 29.51%이었고, 2002학년도에는 26.92%로 감소하고 있다. 자연계 응시자의 지구과학 II 선택 비율은 약 22%로 생물 II(약 38%), 화학 II(약 28%)에 이어 3번째이다. 탐구과정별로는 공통과학 및 지구과학 II 모두 자료 해석에 대해서 가장 많이 출제되고 다음으로 결론 도출 및 평가에 대해서 많이 출제되었다. 내용별로는 공통과학에서는 ‘지각의 물질과 지각변동’(20.83%)에서 가장 많이 출제되었고, ‘온실효과’와 ‘우주과학’에 대해서는 출제되지 않았으며, 다른 영역에서는 대체로 고루 출제되었다. 지구과학 II에서는 ‘지각의 물질과 변화’ (22.92%)영역에서 가장 많이 출제되었고, 전반적으로 고르게 출제되었으나 ‘환경과 자원’에서 출제되지 않았고, ‘태양계’에 대해서는 비교적 적게 출제되었다. 문항 난이도 분포를 보면 1999학년도는 예상정답률 40 ${\sim}$ 59%와 60 ${\sim}$ 79%의 문제를 각각 6, 10개 출제하였고, 2000학년도에는 40 ${\sim}$ 59% 1문항, 60 ${\sim}$ 79% 14문항, 80% 이상 1문항 출제하였으나 2001학년도는 16문항 모두를 60 ${\sim}$ 79%에 해당하는 것을 출제하였다. 정답률이 높은 문항은 문제 해결에 지구과학 개념이 요구되지 않고 탐구 과정만 요구되는 문항, 매년 출제되어 학생에게 익숙한 분야, 탐구 능력 없이도 특정 지식만 있으면 해결되는 문항이다. 반면에 정답률이 낮은 문항은 지구와 행성의 운동, 해파에 관한 문항이며, 특히 복합개념이 요구되는 문항의 정답률이 낮다. 학생의 오답 반응 분석 결과 기본 개념에 대한 이해가 미흡한 주요 내용은 공통과학에서는 변환단층 및 부정합에서 지질학적 현상, 혼합층과 수온 약층의 의미, 온대저기압 통과 전후의 날씨 변화이며, 지구과학 II 에서는 달의 위상과 위치변화, 화성암의 구성광물 ${\cdot}$ 화학조성 ${\cdot}$ 조직 변화와 마그마 분화 및 풍화와의 관계, 지진파 주시곡선, 대기순환의 종류와 규모, 해파, 혼합층과 수온 약층, 서안강화 현상, 행성의 위치와 운동, H-R도상에서의 별의 특성과 진화 등이다. 탐구 과정에 대한 학생의 성취도는 비교적 높으므로 이해도가 상대적으로 낮은 영역에 대해 학생의 오답 유형을 참고하여 기본 개념 지도에 보다 관심을 기울일 필요가 있다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.398-411
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 탐구적 과학 글쓰기(Science Writing Heuristic)를 적용한 과제연구의 활동이 고등학생의 과학 탐구 능력 및 과학에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 전남 소재의 고등학교 과학중점과정 2학년 학생 73명을 대상으로 의문 만들기, 실험 설계, 관찰, 주장과 증거, 읽기, 반성의 단계로 구성된 탐구적 과학 글쓰기를 적용한 과제연구 프로그램을 실시하였다. 프로그램의 효과 분석을 위해 과학 탐구 능력과 과학에 대한 태도를 검사하였고, 탐구적 과학 글쓰기를 적용한 과제 연구 수업에 대한 인식을 조사하였으며, 결과 해석의 어려움이 있을 경우 면담을 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과학 탐구 능력 중 추리, 가설 설정, 변인 찾기, 조작적 정의, 실험설계, 그래프화 및 데이터 해석, 일반화 능력은 통계적으로 유의미하게 향상되었으나(p<.05), 예상 능력은 향상되었으나 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다(p>.05). 둘째, 과학에 대한 태도 중 과학에 대한 취미로서의 관심, 과학 수업의 즐거움, 과학 직업에 대한 관심은 통계적으로 유의미하게 향상되었으나(p<.05), 과학 탐구에 대한 태도는 통계적 유의하지 않았지만 점수가 감소했다. 탐구적 과학 글쓰기를 적용한 고등학교 과제 연구 수업은 과학 탐구 능력 및 과학 태도에 긍정적인 효과가 있었지만 오랜 기간 동안 일반 과학 수업과는 다른 형태로 학생이 주도하며 진행되기 때문에 학생들에게 부담이 된다. 그래서 이러한 단점을 최소화하고 장점을 최대화한 과제 연구 수업 전략에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.307-316
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to investigate nutritional status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and to find out the differences according to the stages of disease. From March to October, 2006, 41 stable male patients of mild to severe COPD patients were recruited from Seoul National University hospital. The patients' of body weight and fat free mass were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The nutritional status of the patients was also assessed by 3-day recall, index of nutritional quality (INQ), dietary diversity score (DDS), dietary variety score (DVS), food group index pattern and dietary quality index (DQI). The total of 41 patients were classified into three groups, stage I, stage II and stage III groups according to the classification of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) standard. The mean age of the patients in each stage were 67.2-66.9 years showing no significant difference. The ratio of $FEV_1$/FVC were $57.5{\pm}7.3$, $46.9{\pm}7.6$ and $38.2{\pm}6.8%$, respectively showing significant differences according to the stages of disease. The fat free mass of the stage II ($48.2{\pm}4.7kg$) and III ($47.3{\pm}4.5kg$) was significantly lower than that of stage I ($53.1{\pm}6.9kg$) patients. There were significant correlation of fat free mass with $FEV_{1}$, and BMI (body mass index) with $FEV_{1}$/FVC ratio (p < 0.05). COPD patients showed the diet-related clinical symptoms of anorexia, dyspnea, dyspepsia, and chewing difficulty. Daily intakes of calorie, K, vitamin $B_2$ and folate of the patients were very low ($83.8{\pm}20.7%$, $58.9{\pm}14.4%$, $70.7{\pm}19.6%$ and $74.4{\pm}10.2%$, respectively) however, they did not significantly different according to the stages of disease. Daily intake of calcium was significantly lower in the stage III patients (p < 0.05). The mean scores of dietary variety score was significantly lower in the stage III patients (p < 0.001). Dietary quality index of the patients were not different among the stages of disease and the scores indicated poor quality of diet. As a summary, we found that body fat free mass, regularity of exercise, frequency of having snacks and dietary variety score were significantly associated with the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.152-159
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• 2015

As for medical education, not only acquirement of knowledge but also practical clinical competence is important because it is needed on primary medicine. Under this trend, Clinical Performance Examination(CPX) is already being practiced in medical college. But in spite of its importance, CPX is not yet practiced in Korean medical college. So, by contemplating necessity and outcome of CPX, We try to offer basic data for future imposition and improvement of CPX in Korean medical education. 49 students of grade 3 in a Daejeon Korean Medical College were targets of investigation. After educated about CPX in advance, They treated simulated patient and answered questionnaire about CPX. Then, their treatment was scored by Professor and simulated patients. Total 49 members responded to the survey and the results of the analysis were as follows. The answer that CPX is useful(Mean=4.12) and essential for acquiring professionalism of treatment(Mean=4.02) was got high scores. But many respondents replied about necessity of better CPX environment and felt difficulty about PPI(45%). Meanwhile, Professor group(Mean=9.24) tended to give more high score than Simulated patient group(Mean=7.94). This study can be very useful for composing basic data of CPX in Korean medical College and improving practical clinical competence of students. But this study has also some limits like area, respondent selection, group module etc. So, more detailed and comprehensive survey is needed. This work was supported by the Daejeon University Research Grant.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2011

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to reveal the nutritional status and symptoms related to dysphagia and to identify the information needs of the patient with post-stroke dysphagia for self care. Methods: Fifty one subjects were selected among patients being admitted from 3 tertiary hospitals. Data were collected using questionnaires, interview, and medical record. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics with SPSS. Results: 1) The mean hemoglobin, serum albumin, and hematocrit level of the subjects were $11.2{\pm}1.8g/dL$, $3.2{\pm}0.6g/dL$, and $33.5{\pm}2.3%$, respectively. 2) The most common symptom due to dysphagia was 'slurred speech (86.3%)', followed by 'less flexible in tongue and mouth movement (80.4%)', 'difficulty chewing and swallowing (74.5%)'. 3) The highest score of information needs for patients/caregivers was to know which foods are suitable for dysphagic patients or not ($2.67{\pm}0.48$ of 3.0 score). They also want to know how to swallow safely ($2.65{\pm}0.59$), to administer medication safely ($2.63{\pm}0.59$), and to learn rehabilitative techniques ($2.61{\pm}0.57$). Conclusion: These findings would be useful information for staffs to do multidisciplinary approach and they would be necessary for stroke patients to manage their symptoms.