• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.526-537
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different types of texts, which were narrative and expository, on the understanding of content. Elementary students' perceptions of the two types of the texts were also investigated. In the comparison of the effects on the understanding of the text contents, test scores of mind-mapping, closed-answer question, and essay test were used. The analyses of mind-mapping tests showed narrative text was more effective to figure out main concepts of the text throughout the mind-mapping test. But expository text was more effective in the hierarchical organization of the concepts. In the closed-answer questions and essay test, narrative text was more effective than expository text. However when the contents of text were difficult and complex, there was no meaningful difference between the two types of texts. The analyses of students' perceptions of the texts showed that narrative texts were preferred. Students perceived that the narrative text was more interesting and familiar. However, the perceptions of helpful text for their science learning were not different by the types of texts.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.831-852
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• 2014

The obstacle shape reconstruction problem has been known to be difficult to solve since it is highly nonlinear and severely ill-posed. The use of local or locally supported basis functions for the problem has been addressed for many years. However, to the authors' knowledge, any research report on the proper usage of local or locally supported basis functions for the shape reconstruction has not been appeared in the literature due to many difficulties. The aim of this paper is to introduce the general concepts and methodologies for the proper choice and their implementation of locally supported basis functions through the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation. The implementations are based on the complex nonlinear parameter estimation (CNPE) formula and its robust algorithm developed recently by the authors. The basic concepts and ideas are simple. The derivation of the necessary properties needed for the shape reconstructions are elementary. However, the capturing abilities for the local geometry of the obstacle are superior to those by conventional methods, the trial and errors, due to the proper implementation and the CNPE algorithm. Several numerical experiments are performed to show the power of the proposed method. The fundamental ideas and methodologies described in this paper can be applied to many other shape reconstruction problems.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.113-149
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• 1997

This paper, searching for the origin of the science and technology policy, is one of the research series on the original form of current S&T policy such as origin, evolution and changing patterns. Without understanding the origin, it is very difficult to understand the evolution and the current change of the policy. To answer this question, 2 kinds of conditions are set: 4 concepts for the origin of a policy and also 4 conditions for the S&T policy itself. As the origin of a policy, 4 concepts are set such as independence, continuance, diffusion and modern state as a policy body. Also as conditions for S&T policy, there may be 4 conditions such as policy targets, policy functions, administration body and the usage of the name of the policy. S&T can be distinguished as science, technology and S&T along it's development path. There, hence, are 2 origins of science and technology policy. French policy for modern science at the late 18th century and the establishment of the Agency of Science and Technology Policy of Japan in 1956 can be pointed out as the origin of the policy. The former can be called as the origin for natural science, and the latter as the origin for S&T. This study implies that new paradigm of S&T policy is a reflection for both the needs of new S&T and social needs. When there were big problems in a society and when there appeared new S&T, they exploited new S&T vigorously. This has been remained as a rememberable monuments in the history of the S&T policy.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 1999

Recently our educational methodologies have been changed to an open, student-centered structure. Mathematics is now learned through experiential interaction and less emphasis is placed on abstract theories. For example, the axioms of the geometry in the middle school curriculum have been expressed by using symbolic letters. Students find these abstractions very difficult and it hinders their ability to grasp the significance of geometrical concepts. In an effort to simplify these abstract concepts and enhance the students interest and ability to learn, the GSP (Geometry Sketchpad) is proving to be a useful and effective tool. First, Second and third grade students have found the GSP to be extremely useful. While the pad has no sound function it still enables the students to freely change diagrams without disrupting the integrity of the program. There is also a running order of instructions at the bottom of the screen to facilitate the step by step understanding of mathematical procedures. This function makes the program ideal for use by teachers, students and even beginners. Anyone experiencing difficulty can get immediate assistance from the guidebook which is located at the back of each program. Allowing individuals to manipulate and actually see the changing deductions and axiom proofs on the computer screen provides them with immediate feedback and reinforcement. It also enhances their overall interest in learning geometry. The use of the GSP is proving to be an innovative and effective tool in facilitating the transition of mathematics into an open, student-centered educational forum.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.145-160
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to review the concept and thinking structure of deconstruction theoretically and thereupon, analyze the visual beauty and wearable comfort of the clothing and further, discuss the aesthetic characteristics and values of the decentering phenomenon in the 21st century fashion. Deconstruction provides for an cognitive framework whereby we could comprehensively review the difficult-to-understand and imprudent creativity unravelling in the name of the post-modernism as well as the ambiguous visual beauty and wearable comfort of our contemporary fashion. In particular, deconstruction refuses such concepts involving the relationship between the conventional clothing and its components as order, symmetry, balance, harmony, perfection and simplicity and instead, attaches some sense of value to such relatively inferior concepts as disorder, asymmetry, unbalance, disharmony, imperfection and complexity, and thus, reflects them in the modes of aesthetic representations to create new aesthetics and expand the expressive potential.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.206-215
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• 1994

Intuition is an abstract concept which is most often thought of as a nonrational, nonscientific mode of thought. However, since there are so many amorphous definitions of intuition that it seems important to clarify the meaning of this concept. Therefore, this study use the process of Walker & Avant’s concept analysis to define of the concept of intuition Attributes of intuition were defined as 1) Knowledge of truth that is difficult to explicate ; 2) A type of immediate knowing ; 3) Knowlwdge without reasining analysis ; 4) Knowledge that is attained based on virtue character which integrates all matter and is not attained through individual experience. Antecedents of intuition consists of 1) as ground for knowledge or truth that is not availables to trace through the analytic procedures ; & 2) the flow of Ki which unites human beings and the universe. Consequences of intuition events or incidents occuring as a result of the concept consist of verification of the truth though analytic procedures and application of knowledge in both theoretical and practical ways. To develop intuitive ability, as an educator should not only make studies in recognizine, analysing and teaching concepts related to logical, rational decision making but should also recognize and teach concepts related to intuitive components of making decisions in clinical practice and classroom learning as well.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.210-224
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• 2002

Objective : A study on $\ll$Maek-beop$\gg$ which is the first scription of pulse diagnosis method in history. Method : A translation of contents in $\ll$Maek-beop$\gg$ into modern concepts on the basis of researched books and the explanation of difficult characters and paragraphs to general concepts. Result : The pulse diagnosis method by comparison, moxibustion method, venesection method, a treatment of an abscess and the succession of treatment in $\ll$Maek-beop$\gg$ are delivered from $\ll$Sumen, 素問$\gg$, $\ll$Lingchui, 靈樞$\gg$. Conclusion : A $\ll$Maek-beop$\gg$ is the scription of the diagnosis of meridian and therapeutic method in $\ll$Zu bi shi yi mai jiu jing, 足臂十一脈灸經$\gg$, $\ll$yin yang shi yi mai jiu jing, 陰陽十一脈灸經$\gg$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.192-201
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• 2001

Today, the availabity of usable pieces of land in urbanized areas is very limited. Specifically, it is very difficult to secure a piece of land to be used as a park for the public, mainly due to the high price of land in cities. However, the City of Seoul has carried out three action plans to secure land deemed for insufficient parks and to vitalize these small piece of land in downtown areas such as following: 1. Ssamzie-park(Korean version of a 'vest pocket park') Development Plan in 1990 through 1991. 2. Modernization Plan for Children's Parks since 1994. 3. Maeul-madang (Korean version of 'community garden')Development Plan since 1996. The purpose of this study was to present some design approaches for practical use of small urban spaces by articulating the concepts of Modernization Plan for Children's Park and Maeul-madang Development Plan of the winning entries and by describing how the concepts were actualized in reality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.223-241
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• 1995

Ji Cheng's great work on garden design, the 'Yuanye'(Craft of garden), written in 1631 and originally published in 1634 is the first surviving manual on landscape gardening in the Chinese tradition. This study aims at investigating not only Ji Cheng's life, achievements companionship and design activities, but also the xylographic copies, literary style, and framework of Yuanye in their historical context in order to provide the bases for further study, Ji Cheng was exellent in poetry and painting. And he constructed Dongdiyuan in Changzhou around 1623, Wuyuan in Yiaheng in 1631, and Yingyuan in Yangzhou around 1634 But no poems, paintings, and gardens designed by hi shill exist Therefore his design phi philosophy is able to be interpreted only by his work, Yuanye. After publishing, Yuanye fell into obscurity for several centuries in Chlna. It was redescovered and reprinted for the first time in 1931. Yuanye is composed of prefaces and main text The main text is divided into 'the Theory of Construction' and 'on Gardens', and the latter also into 10 sections. In this text Ji Cheng explains the aesthetic principles underlying garden design and the appropriate emotional response to various efftcts Especially, he emphasizes the importance of basin the garden design on the taxi ting nature and features of landscape and making use of natural scenery. The literary style of the book is highly mannered, and there are so many poetic descriptions and Ji Cheng's native Jiangsu dialects. So the translation of the original text is very difficult After this, the major design concepts of Ji Cheng's landscape gardening theory and whole network of these concepts have to be studied.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.329-339
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• 2021

It has been recognised for over a century that the events of gastrulation are fundamental in determining, not only the development of the neuraxis but the organisation of the entire primitive embryo. Until recently our understanding of gastrulation was based on detailed histological analysis in animal models and relatively rare human tissue preparations from aborted fetuses. Such studies resulted in a model of gastrulation that neurosurgeons have subsequently used as a means of trying to explain some of the congenital anomalies of caudal spinal cord and vertebral development that present in paediatric neurosurgical practice. Recent advances in developmental biology, in particular cellular biology and molecular genetics have offered new insights into very early development. Understanding the processes that underlie cellular interactions, gene expression and activation/inhibition of signalling pathways has changed the way embryologists view gastrulation and this has led to a shift in emphasis from the 'descriptive and morphological' to the 'mechanistic and functional'. Unfortunately, thus far it has proved difficult to translate this improved knowledge of normal development, typically derived from non-human models, into an understanding of the mechanisms underlying human malformations such as the spinal dysraphisms and anomalies of caudal development. A paediatric neurosurgeons perspective of current concepts in gastrulation is presented along with a critical review of the current hypotheses of human malformations that have been attributed to disorders of this stage of embryogenesis.