• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2004

Thymolipoma is a rare benign mediastinal tumor, composed of mature fatty and thymic tissues. A 9-year-old boy was referred with a one-month history of neck swelling. Preoperative computed tomography scan and fine needle aspiration biopsy suggested thymolipoma. Despite it being rare, thymolipoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumors. Characteristics of its clinical feature and radiological findings that can differentiated it from other mediastinal tumors are discussed with a review of the literatures.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

This study classified and analyzed characteristics of residents in public rental housing based on data from the 2018 Housing Survey. First, in order to classify the type of public rental housing resident, the criteria were derived through factor analysis based on the satisfaction evaluation index. Next, based on the factor value, the group was classified by type through cluster analysis, and the satisfaction, characteristics of residential households, and characteristics of rental housing types were analyzed for each cluster. As a result of factor analysis, evaluation of housing facilities, accessibility, and residential comfort was selected as the cluster classification criteria, and a total of four clusters were derived through cluster analysis. As a result of analyzing the characteristics of each cluster, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the level of residential satisfaction, characteristics of residents, and detailed types of rental housing. The results of this analysis are expected to be used to improve existing public rental housing or develop new types of rental housing to match the characteristics of residential housing for public rental housing. In addition, in the type integration of rental housing currently being promoted, it is necessary to develop a method of providing differentiated services in consideration of the characteristics of tenants as well as the integration of physical housing types.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.276-281
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• 2013

In this study, we aimed to compare the morphogenetic and neuronal characteristics between monolayer cells and spheroids. For this purpose, we established spheroid formation by growing SH-SY5Y cells on the hydrophobic surfaces of thermally-collapsed elastin-like polypeptide. After 4 days of culture, the relative proliferation of the cells within spheroids was approximately 92% of the values for monolayer cultures. As measured by quantitative assays for mRNA and protein expressions, the production of synaptophysin and neuronspecific enolase (NSE) as well as the contents of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are much higher in spheroids than in monolayer cells. Under the all-trans-retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation condition, spheroids extended neurites and further up-regulated the expression of synaptophysin, NSE, CAMs, and ECM proteins. Our data indicate that RA-differentiated SH-SY5Y neurospheroids are functionally matured neuronal architectures.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.62-70
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• 2011

Fashion flagship store is to maximize brand's image, not for sales. As a value for consumption is changing into expression of individual styles and egos through brands' images based on their personalities rather than products, today, people are laying stress on expression of brands' personalities with spatial design of fashion flagship store to create differentiated brand images. This study was designed to examine brand personalities expressed in fashion flagship store's spatial design, and spatial components and ways of expression to influence them, and analyze how brand personality has an impact on brand loyalty. According to the results of this study, brand personality in fashion flagship store's space design of Louis Vuitton has three characteristics such as sincerity, vitality and tenacity, and display, pattern, furniture, color and wall have high influences on expression of its brand personality. Also, the higher brand personality got, the higher brand loyalty went up. These results imply that fashion flagship store's space design expressing differentiated brand personalities influences customers' brand loyalty to constantly use the brands, and thus is highly important for brand marketing of this day.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2013

The leopard danio, Danio rerio var. frankei is a spotted color morph of the zebrafish, Danio rerio caused by a pigment mutation. The structural differences of fertilized egg and egg envelope are poorly documented. To clarify this, we compared the fertilized egg morphology and ultrastructures of surface structures, the micropyle and the cross section of fertilized egg envelopes of zebrafish and leopard danio, variation species of zebrafish using a light and electron microscopes. Although the fertilized egg sizes were different, the external shapes of the fertilized eggs of two species couldn't be differentiated under the light microscope. The characteristics of fertilized eggs, such as a spherical shape, a non-adhesive quality and a large perivitelline space, were shown to be related to spawning habit. In ultrastructure of fertilized egg envelope, there is no morphological difference of micropyle between two species. By contrast, the ultrastructure and the numbers of knob-like structures and semihemisphere-like structures per unit area on the outer surface, and the number of lamellae of inner layer on the fertilized egg envelope section displayed definite species specificity. Collectively, our data indicate that the ultrastructure of fertilized egg envelope in the zebrafish could be differentiated by species variation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.394-396
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• 2000

This paper presents a new algorithm for the allocation of the reliability level of composite power system under deregulated electricity market. Under deregulated electricity market, it is required to establish a methodology that can evaluate supply cost and supply reliability of each demand to realize the available priority service reflected a preference of each customer. In this study, a concept of reliability differentiated electricity service as priority service to keep reliability of particular customer within a desirable level is proposed on HLII under deregulated competitive electricity market. The uncertainties of not only generators but also transmission lines are considered for the reliability evaluation in this study. The characteristics and effectiveness of this methodology are illustrated by the case studies on MRBTS and IEEE-RTS.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.109-141
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• 2000

Acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of Cheju consonants were examined with the focus on the well-known three-way distinction among stops (i.e., lenis, fortis, aspirated) and the two-way distinction between sand s*. Acoustic parameters examined for the stops included VOT, relative stop burst energy, Fo at the vowel onset, H1-H2, and H1-F2 at the vowel onset. For the fricatives s and s*, acoustic parameters were fricative duration, Fo, centroid of the fricative noise, RMS energy of the frication, H1-H2 and Hl-F2 at the onset of the following vowel. In investigating aerodynamics, intraoral pressure and oral flow were included for the bilabial stops. Results indicate that, although Cheju and Korean are not mutually intelligible, acoustic and aerodynamic properties of Cheju consonants are very similar in every respect to those of the standard Korean. Among other findings there are three crucial points worth recapitulating. First, stops are systematically differentiated by the voice quality of the following vowel. Second, stops are also differentiated by aerodynamic mechanisms. The aspirated and fortis stops are similar in supralaryngeal articulation, but employ a different relation between intraoral pressure and flow. Finally, our study suggests that the fricative s is better categorized as 'lenis' than as 'aspirated' in terms of its phonetic realization.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.232-237
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• 2006

Bacillus cereus group comprising B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, and B. mycoides was differentiated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and colony morphology. Prevalence of B. cereus group in rice and distribution of enterotoxin genes were determined as possible food poisoning agents. PCR using primers targeted for gyrB and cry genes could distinguish B. thuringiensis from B. cereus, and B. mycoides was differentiated by rhizoid morphological characteristics on nutrient agar. Among 136 rice and their processed products, prevalence of B. cereus group was 40%. B. cereus group consisted of 54 B. cereus, 11 B. thuringiensis, and 1 B. mycoides. Major isolates were B. cereus, with B. thuringiensis detected up to 10% among edible rice tested. Five enterotoxin genes, hbl, nhe, bceT, entFM, and cytK, were broadly distributed among B. cereus group, especially in B. cereus and B. thuringiensis. Prevalence of B. cereus group in rice and enterotoxin distribution suggest B. thuringiensis and B. cereus are toxigenic strain that should be controlled in rice and its products.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4071-4075
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• 2013

Expression changes of somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTRs) including SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4 and SSTR5 in the development of gallbladder cancer were assessed with attention to relationships with clinical pathological characteristics. SSTRs in 29 gallbladder cancer and 25 normal gallbladder tissue specimens were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Differences between SSTRs expressions and clinical pathological parameters were analyzed by chi-square test. The five subtypes of SSTR were all expressed in gallbladder cancer tissues and SSTR3 presented the highest expression. SSTR5 expression was increased significantly in gallbladder cancer (P<0.05) compared with that in normal gallbladder tissue. SSTR3 expression in highly and moderately differentiated gallbladder cancer was significantly higher than that in poorly differentiated lesions (P<0.05). SSTR4 expression was lower in gallbladder cancer with lymph node metastasis than that in gallbladder cancer without lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Therfore, these results indicated that SSRT5, SSTR3 and SSTR4 may play important roles in the formation and development of gallbladder cancer.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1453-1460
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• 2014

WFQ (Weighted Fair Queuing) provides not only fairness among traffic flows in using bandwidth but also guarantees the Quality of Service (QoS) that individual flow requires, which is why it has been applied to the resource reservation protocol (RSVP)-capable router. The RSVP allocates an enough resource to satisfy both the rate and end-to-end delay requirements of the flow in the condition of no packet loss, and the WFQ scheduler guarantees those QoS requirements with the allocated resource. In practice, however, most QoS-guaranteed services allow a degree of packet loss, especially from 0.1% to 3% for Voice over IP. This paper discovers that the packet loss rate of each traffic flow is determined by only its time-stamp adjustment value, and then enhances the WFQ to provide a differentiated packet loss guarantee under general traffic conditions in terms of both traffic characteristics and QoS requirements. The performance evaluation showed that the proposed WFQ could increase the utilization of bandwidth by 8~11%.