• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2017

High-rise buildings move during construction due to time-dependent material properties of concrete (creep and shrinkage), construction sequences, and structural shapes. The building movements, including vertical and horizontal displacements, result from the sum of axial and lateral deformation of vertical members at each level. In addition to the vertical shortenings, the lateral movement induced by differential shortening can have adverse effects on the construction tolerance and serviceability of non-structural elements such as elevators and curtain walls. In this study a construction stage analysis method is developed to predict lateral movement induced by shortening, including the effect of creep and shrinkage. The algorithm of construction stage analysis is combined with the FE analysis program. It is then applied to predict lateral movement of a 58-story reinforced concrete building that was constructed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Gravity induced lateral movement of this building is predicted by the construction stage analysis. A field three-dimensional laser scanning survey is carried out to verify the prediction results, and satisfactory agreement is obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.423-426
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• 2005

Steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns, which are widely employed in high-rise buildings, exhibit particular time-dependent behavior due to creep and shrinkage of the concrete, and this behavior may cause problems related to serviceability and structural stability. SRC columns also exhibit a time-dependent, cross-sectional relative humidity distribution that differs from reinforced concrete (RC) columns, due to the presence of an inner steel plate, which interferes with the moisture diffusion of concrete. This differential moisture distribution of SRC columns may reduce the drying shrinkage and the drying creep as contrasted with RC columns. Therefore, we propose that the differential moisture distribution be taken into account to accurately predict SRC column shortening.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.395-401
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• 2010

The vertical members of structures are shortened as time goes on. Because structures have been high-rising and atypical there should be different axial loads among vertical members and it causes differential column shortenings. The differential column shortening add stresses to connections, make slab tilt, and damage to non-structural components. To reduce these influences compensation is need. The rational compensation means the exact expectation of amounts of column shortenings and the reasonable corrections. The expectation of column shortenings are more exact as researched, however, there is little research about the compensation. This paper presents the average correction method and the constraints for differential column shortenings considering errors due to the construction precision. The relations between constraints and the number of correction groups give an objective criterion for decision of constraints.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 1999

In this paper, the prediction method of the differential column shortening for cracked reinforced concrete tall buildings due to the construction sequence is presented. The cracked sectional properties from the strain and curvature of the sectional centroid is directly used. And the stiffness matrix of concrete elements considering the axial strain-curvature interaction effect is adopted. The creep and shrinkage properties used in the predictions were calculated in accordance with ACI 209, CEB-FIP 1990, and B3 model code. In order to demonstrate the validity of this algorithm, the prediction by the proposed method are compared with both the results of the in-situ test and the results by other simplified method. The proposed method is in good agreement with experimental results, and better than the simplified method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.511-516
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• 2000

A Hybrid Wall System(HWS) building, Kolon Bundang Tripolis was instrumented to measure the vertical deformation of core-walls and columns. The vertical shortening of individual members were measured at selected floor levels such as 1F, 12F, 25F, and 34F. The measurement has been taken during one year after the construction was started. Together with the measurement, concrete property tests were performed in the laboratory using the concrete obtained in the field. The measured vertical shortenings were compared with the calculated prediction values and the satisfactory agreement was obtained.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.333-341
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• 1998

The general method of structural analysis for building structures has been based upon the assumption that all dead loads are imposed on a building simultaneously throughout the entire structure. In reality, buildings are built floor by floor or a few floors at a time. The construction dead load is applied gradually onto the structure as the structure is being erected. The prevailing commercial software for structural analysis used to date have resulted in the representation of inaccurate structural behaviors. The actual construction sequence and the loading of the structure ere not properly represented in the analysis. This paper identifies the source of the errors and develops the algorithm to account for the differential column shortening due to construction dead load based upon a given construction sequence

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.52-58
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.370-377
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• 1999

Differential shortenings of columns in a highrise building must be considered in the design process to avoid unexpected damages in structural and nonstructural elements. While research activity has been reported in the literature on the development of estimation algorithms or prediction procedures of elastic and inelastic column shortenings, no algorithms or methods for compensation of differential shortenings. In this paper a compensation method for differential column shortenings in a high-rise is formulated as an optimization problem The simulated annealing algorithm is used to find optimal solutions. The performance of the proposed method is presented by using the well known examples developed by PCA.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.618-623
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• 2008

Due to recent trends of the atypical plan shapes and the zoning construction in high-rise buildings, the building stability under construction is arising as an important issue for design and construction plan. To ensure the stability under construction, the differential column shortening and the lateral movements with unbalanced distributions of self-weight of structure members and the load flows before completion of member connections and lateral load resisting system should be checked by construction sequence analysis. This paper presents the scheme of zone-based construction sequence analysis, to check the stability of high-rise building under construction. This scheme is applied to the construction sequence analysis for real high-rise building under construction.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.175-176
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• 2009

An improved column shortening analysis method which can be used in designing the horizontal members has been proposed. If you use this analysis method which is used effective modulus method by EMM or AEMM, you will get more exactly moments on the horizontal members.