• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 1997

The primary objective of this study was to learn the effect of various sugar particle size and level on cookie spread, The effect of sugar particle size and level on sugarsnap cookie spread was studied. Three different particle sized sugars; powered sugar, granulated sugar and sanding sugar, were used for the cookie test baking with five different sugar levels; 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90% based on the weight of flour. In mixing process, 5 minutes of creaming time was used for cream making and then the specific gravity of cream was measured on the basis of each different sugar particle size and level. In the result, the specific gravity of cream was influenced by sugar particle size and sugar level. However, the specific gravity of cream had no influence on cookie dough specific gravity. Cookie spread was influenced by sugar particle size and sugar level. Greater cookie spread was obtained by decreasing sugar particle size and increasing sugar level resulted in increased spread. Therefore, selection of suitable sugar particle size and its use level can be factors in controlling spread and imparting desired packaging characteristics.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1869-1876
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 고온에서 높은 강도특성을 유지하면서 동시에 내마모성이 뛰어 나 가스터어빈의 부재로서의 사용이 기대되는 탄화규소(SiC) 세라믹에 대하여, 고체입 자의 충격에 의해 생기는 손상에 미치는 입자의 재질 및 크기의 영향을 조사하였다. 또 각 형태의 손상발생 임계치와 강도저하에 미치는 입자크기의 영향에 관해서도 검토 하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.179-193
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• 2012

The hydration of cement contributes to the performance characteristics of concrete, such as strength and durability. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of cement and its early properties, the particle size distribution (PSD) of cement varies considerably, and the effects of the particle size distribution of cement on the hydration process should be considered. In order to evaluate effects of PSD separately, experiments testing the isothermal heat generated during the hydration of cements with different particle size distributions but the same chemical composition have been carried out. The measurable hydration depth for cement hydration was proposed and deduced based on the experimental results, and a PSD hydration model was developed in this paper for simulating the effects of particle size distribution on the hydration process of cement. First, a reference hydration rate was derived from the isothermal heat generated by the hydration of ordinary Portland cement. Then, the model was extended to take into account the effect of water-to-cement ratio, hereinafter which was referred to as PSD hydration model. Finally, the PSD hydration model was applied to simulate experiments measuring the isothermal heat generated by the hydration of cement with different particle size distributions at different water-to-cement ratios. This showed that the PSD hydration model had simulated the effects of particle size distribution and water-to-cement ratio on the hydration process of cement with satisfactory accuracy.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.588-596
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• 2018

In this study, dry-milled rice flour from different varieties (Samgwang, Boranchan, Hanareum, Dasan, Hangaru) and different particle sizes were used to manufacture Jeung-pyun and the quality characteristics were analyzed. The Jeung-pyun produced from Samgwang, Dasan and Hangaru milled rice flour showed highly dense pores. The Jeung-pyun produced from Hanareum only showed a significant difference according to the particle size. Samgwang, Boranchan and Dasan varieties with a particle size of 150 m showed a significant decrease in volume (p<0.05). Samgwang showed the lowest pH at all particle sizes (p<0.05). The sweetness of Samgwang varieties was the highest at $3.27-3.63^{\circ}Brix$ (p<0.05). The hardness of Jeung-pyun increased with increasing particle size (p<0.05). The highest acceptance of Jeung-pyun in terms of volume and bitter taste was observed with Hanareum at a particle size of 50 m. When the particle size was 50 m, the overall acceptance was highest for Jeung-pyun made from Samgwang followed by Hanareum. The acceptance of all the sensory characteristics was high when the particle size of rice flour was 50 m. When the appearance of Jeung-pyun was measured, Samgwang showed a dense structure and low hardness. Hanareum showed an increasing volume and springiness. Overall Samgwang and Hanareum were found to be the most suitable varieties for the production of Jeung-pyun.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2015년도 제51회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.229-231
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• 2015

In pneumatic reactor, hydrodynamic relation between gas and solid is important and particle size has a significant effect on this relation. In this reason, we analyzed drying and calcine process with a corrected model by considering the effect of the particle size distribution(PSD) with different seven particle groups by particle size.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

The effects of particle sizes (small, medium and large sizes) and gelatinization treatment on the changes of the instant properties of Job's tears powder were investigated. The degree of gelatinization on the different particle size samples of Job's tears powder was the highest in the small particle size, and it also showed an increasing trend regardless of pregelatinizing whether it is or not as the particle size decreased from large particle size to small particle size. The water solubility index of the pregelatinized samples was high compared to that of ungelatinized samples regardless of particle size and temperatures. The water absorption and swelling power increased as particle size and temperature were increased. The dispersibility and sinkability of ungelatinized sample was increased as particle size and temperature were increased and it also showed lower value regardless of particle size and temperature. However, the dispersibility and sinkability of pregelatinized samples were shown to have the opposite result, such that the smallest particle size of pregelatinized sample had the lowest sinkability (11.3%). The turbidity of the pregelatinized small particle size was the highest by a factor of 1.08.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Different physical and chemical properties of biochar, which is made out of a variety of biomass materials, can impact water movement through amended soil. The objective of this research was to develop a decision support tool evaluating the impact of the shape and the size distribution of biochar on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity ($K_{sat}$). METHODS AND RESULTS: Plastic beads of different size and morphology were compared with biochar to assess impacts on soil $K_{sat}$. Bead and biochar were added at the rate of 5% (v/w) to coarse sand. The particle size of bead and biochar had an effect on the $K_{sat}$, with larger and smaller particle sizes than the original sand grain (0.5 mm) decreasing the $K_{sat}$ value. The equivalent size bead or biochar to the sand grains had no impact on $K_{sat}$. The amendment shape also influenced soil hydraulic properties, but only when the particle size was between 3-6 mm. Intra-particle porosity had no significant influence on the $K_{sat}$ due to its small pore size and increased tortuosity compared to the inter-particle spaces (macro-porosity). CONCLUSION: The results supported the conclusion that both particle size and shape of the amended biochar impacted the $K_{sat}$ value.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to measure particle size and evaluate the effect of increasing alfalfa hay particle size on production characteristics in lactating Holstein dairy cows. Ninety multiparous Holstein cows in early to mid-lactation were randomly assigned in a complete randomized design for a 30-day period. Animals were offered one of the three diets, which were identical in energy, protein, and chemical composition, but differed only in particle size of alfalfa hay. The treatments were A) total mixed ration (TMR) in which only fine chopped alfalfa hay was incorporated in the ration, B) the same diet in which half of the alfalfa hay was fine chopped and incorporated in the mixed ration and half was long hay and offered as a top dressing, and C) the same diet with long hay alfalfa offered as a top dressing. Distribution of particle size of rations was determined through 20,000, 8,000 and 1,000 ${\mu}m$ sieves. The new method of quantitative determination of manure index was examined for each cow on different treatments. The geometric mean length of particle size in the rations was 5,666, 9,900 and 11,549 ${\mu}m$ for treatments A, B and C, respectively. Fat corrected milk (4%), milk fat percentage and production were significantly different (p<0.05) in treatment A versus B and C (fat corrected milk (FCM, 4%)) 28.3 vs. 35.2 and 32.3 kg/d, fat percentage 2.89, 4.04 and 3.62; but the change of ration particle size had no significant effect on milk production (p>0.05). Blood concentration of cholesterol in treatment A was significantly higher (p<0.05) than treatment B and C (181.0 vs. 150.0 and 155.2 mg/dl). Manure index in treatment C was significantly different (p<0.05) from treatment B (15.86 vs. 17.67). Based on these experimental findings, it is concluded that an increase in the ration particle size can increase milk fat percentage due to providing more physically effective fiber, which in turn could effect changes in manure consistency.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.541-545
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• 1993

Sieve shaker와 Elzone particle size analyzer에 의한 두 가지 방법으로 제분방법에 따른 입자크기를 조사하였다. 제분방법별로 제조한 쌀가루의 입도분포를 측정한 결과 입자크기는 제분방법에 따라 영향을 받았으며 표준망체를 이용한 Sieve shaker 방법보다 Elzone particle size analyzer를 사용한 방법이 정확도가 우수하였다. 입도분포를 측정한 결과 Pin mill의 경우 $200{\sim}270$mesh가 30.38%으로 가장 많았고 $60{\sim}500mesh$의 분포도를 가졌다. Colloid mill은 $140{\sim}200mesh$가 가장 많았으며, $40{\sim}500mesh$의 분포도를 가졌다. Micro mill은 500mesh 이상이 41.62%로 가장 많았고 $140{\sim}500mesh$의 분포도를 보여주었다. Jet mill은 500 mesh 이상의 분포도로 입자크기가 가장 미세하였다. 또한 미세한 입자일수록 L간과 a값이 증가하였다. 쌀가루의 집합체를 살펴본 결과 습식제분은 분리된 쌀가루의 집합체형태로 구성되어 있고 건식제분은 분활된 조직체로 구성되었다. 전자주사현미경은 Elzone particle size analyzer 방법과 같은 입자분포도를 나타내었고 제분방법에 따라 구조의 특성을 보여주었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.15
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• pp.216-219
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• 2002

Much quantity of anti-tracking agent, ATH is added to the silicone rubber for the protection of silicone rubber against surface discharge. Hydrophobicity recovery properties of silicone rubber could be different by the content, surface treatment state and particle size of ATH. Because hydrophobicity of silicone rubber is depend much on the surface state of ATH. In this paper, the properties of silicone rubber is investigated according to the addition of different particle size of ATH to the silicone rubber. Hydrophobicity recovery properties and arc resistance of silicone rubber were investigated according to the addition of different particle size of ATH. Hydrophobicity recovery properties of silicone rubber were evaluated by the measurement of contact angle.