A cross-sectional study to determine dietary intake and plasma triglyceride total cholesterol LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol of 185K Korean men was conducted across three different age groups The younger group (age 21 to 34) was significantly (p<0.001) taller but showed lower (p<0.05) percent body fat than the older group (age 45 to 60) Weight and body mass index was not different among age groups. Older men showed significantly(p<0.01) lower energy and total fat intake than younger men Besides macronutrients, most participants consumed an adequate amount of micronutrients but calcium consumption of the middle age group (age 35 to 44) was less than 75% of RDA In older men plasma triglyceride(207.8$\pm$155.5 mg/dl) total cholesterol (201.4$\pm$40.0 mg/dl) and LDL-cholesterol(106.0$\pm$32.7 mg/dl) concentrations were significantly hight(p<0.001) than in younger men wereas no significant difference was observed in HDL-cholesterol concentration Subjects with a higher BMI(bMI$\geq$25.0) showed significantly higher (p<0.001) triglyceride(200.2$\pm$107.6 mg/dl) total cholesterol(211.0$\pm$40.1 mg/dl) LDC-cholesterol(118.16$\pm$35.5 mg/dl) concentrations and lower(p=0.001) HCL-cholesterol concentration (52.8$\pm$15.9 mg/dl) than subjects with lower BMI(BMI<23.0) Dietary intake of fat cholesterol did not show significant associations with any of the plasma lipid profiles. However, anima fat intake was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the older age group. On the hand percent body fat was correlated (p<0.05) with all of the plasma lipid and lipoprotin concentrations examined for all age groups Results indicate both dietary intake and percent body fat are important determinants of the plasma lipid concentrations is the elderly but only percent body fat or body mass could be valid predictors for the plasma lipid concentrations of the younger age group.
Age replacement policy is a commonly policy in maintenance management of spare part. It means that a spare part is always replaced at failure or fixed time after its installation, whichever occurs first. An optimal age replacement policy of spare parts concerns with finding the optimal replacement time determined by minimizing the expected cost per unit time. The age of the part was generally assumed to be a random variable in the past literatures, but in many situations, there are few or even no observed data to estimate the probability distribution of part's lifetime. In order to solve this phenomenon, a new uncertain age replacement policy has been proposed recently, in which the age of the part was assumed to be an uncertain variable. This paper discusses the optimal age replacement policies by dealing with the parts' lifetimes as different distributed uncertain variables. Several results on the optimal age replacement time are provided when the lifetimes are described by the uncertain linear, zigzag and lognormal distributions.
Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
/
v.19
no.4
/
pp.580-589
/
1995
When age-role i-: being confused and fasion is as whimsical as these days, the norm on the length of the skirt can be a matter of controversy. This study aimed to see if there exists decisive norm on skirt lengths according to the age of feminine stimuli and the sex and age of perceiver. It also aimed to find out whether the norm of the individual perceiver is influenced by the assumed norm of generalized others. Questionnaire including linedrawings of feminine lower body was given out to be marked with age-proper length of skirt. Results revealed existence of certain length norms according to the age of the stimuli. Norms also varied according to the age of the perceiver and interaction effects among the age, sex of the perceiver and the age of the stimuli existed. Assumed norms of the generalized others were different from the actual norms of the individual. Interaction between the ages of the stimuli and perceiver affected the difference between the actural individual norm and the assumed norm of the generalized others.
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between general characteristics and the eating-out behaviors of 643 male/female industrial workers. The results of the study was summarized as follows. 1. The frequency rate of eating-out was higher for male than female, college graduates than high school graduates, high income earner than low income earner, and unmarried than married(p<0.05). 2. Average cost for eating-out was higher for male than female, for high educated and high income earner than low educated person. Age, married or not, personal health conditions and BMI, however, didn't make any difference in the average cost for eating-out. 3. Reasons fur eating-out was very different due to gender, age, degree of education income rate, married or not, BMI(p<0.05) but basically eating-out was due to get together with friends or colleagues. Also, people who thought they were not in good health answered that they did not eat-out in any conditions. Overweighted people ate out more often than normal or under-weighted people. 4. The method in gathering information about eating-out was different according to the level of education and whether married or not. On the other hand, gender, age, income rate, personal health condition and BMI did not make a big difference in its method. However, most People who Participated in the survey gathered information from people around them, such as friends/colleagues. 5. Taste was the most important factor in deciding the actual eating-out restaurant among the respondents and gender, age, level of education, married or not also made significant differences (p<0.05). 6. Besides personal health conditions and BMI, all the general characteristics including age made significant differences in selecting the most frequently visited restaurant. 7. Besides the personal health conditions, the transportation vehicle was different due to gender, age, level of education, income rate, married or not and BMI. As seen from the results, the eating-out behaviors mostly differed due to general characteristics. In order to searching for a new eating-out market, the general characteristics and the trend of the target customers has to be analyzed to activate the eating-out industry. In addition the need for highly nutritional food with low calorific value has to be emphasized along with the taste.
With the new technology and the popularization of mobile phone. the functions and designs of mobile phone have been varied rapidly. However. based on the user's level of familiarity on mobile phone function and knowledge of information technology. the using behaviors of mobile phone. especially between the young users who are well acquainted with the latest function and technology and the over middle-aged users who are relatively not. would be quite different. A survey was conducted to investigate the various using behaviors of mobile phone in different age groups. The total number of six hundred and sixty-seven people from age seventeen to sixty participated in this study. The participants were divided into young group (age between 17 to 29) and the over middle-aged group (age between 40 to 60) to compare the difference group considered design. price. and function of the mobile phone as three important factors. on the other hand. the over middle-aged group considered quality of communication. price and ease of use as three important factors. All the respondents of the young group know how to use the text messaging function. however for the over middle-aged group. 40% of the respondents knows how to use the text messaging function. The over middle-aged group seemed mainly use the mobile phone for voice communication. however the young group had a tendency to communicate each other with short text message rather than through voice conversation. Twenty percentage of young group responded that they had an experience of pain or discomfort at the thumb. the thenar eminence area. or carpus area during pushing the mobile phone keypad. The excessive frequent use of keypad may cause the risk of repetitive strain injury (RSI). The results of this study could provide important information to understand the way of using mobile phone in different age groups. and also could be used to design and market the mobile phone.
In order to study the relationship between life-style and serum lipids level in young adults, the author measured the concentration of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and investigated age, relative weight, weekly alcohol intake and daily cigarette smoking through questionnaire in 310 male workers aged 20 to 39, in Ulsan area. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In the factors being able to influence serum lipids level there was negative correlation between age and alcohol intake, and the positive correlation between age and relative weight, alcohol intake and relative weight, alcohol intake and smoking with the strongest correlation between alcohol intake and smoking. 2. In univariate analysis, mean total cholesterol concentration were significantly different according to age, smoking and relative weight: mean triglyceride concentration were significantly different according to relative weight only; mean HCL-C concentration were significantly different according to alcohol intake alone. 3. In non-drinkers, HDL-C concentration of smokers were significantly lower than that of non-smokers but triglyceride concentration of smokers were significant higher. And in drinkers, total cholesterol concentration of smokers was significantly higher than that of non-smokers. 4. In multiple regression analysis, significant independent variables were relative weight, age and smoking in the total cholesterol concentration, and relative weight, age and alcohol intake in the triglyceride concentration, and alcohol intake, relative weight and smoking in the HDL-C concentration. By these independent variables, total variation in each dependent variable was explained 7.9%, 17.6% and 7.4% respectively.
Lalitha, Krishnappa;Suman, Gadicherla;Pruthvish, Sreekantaiah;Mathew, Aleyamma;Murthy, Nandagudi S.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
/
v.13
no.12
/
pp.6245-6250
/
2012
Background: With increase in life expectancy, adoption of newer lifestyles and screening using prostate specific antigen (PSA), the incidence of prostate cancer is on rise. Globally prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and sixth leading cause of cancer death in men. The present communication makes an attempt to analyze the time trends in incidence for different age groups of the Indian population reported in different Indian registries using relative difference and regression approaches. Materials and Methods: The data published in Cancer Incidence in Five Continents for various Indian registries for different periods and/or publications by the individual registries served as the source materials. Trends were estimated by computing the mean annual percentage change (MAPC) in the incidence rates using the relative difference between two time periods (latest and oldest) and also by estimation of annual percentage change (EAPC) by the Poisson regression model. Results: Age adjusted incidence rates (AAR) of prostate cancer for the period 2005-2008 ranged from 0.8 (Manipur state excluding Imphal west) to 10.9 (Delhi) per $10^5$ person-years. Age specific incidence rates (ASIR) increased in all PBCRs especially after 55 years showing a peak incidence at +65 years clearly indicating that prostate cancer is a cancer of the elderly. MAPC in crude incidence rate(CR) ranged from 0.14 (Ahmedabad) to 8.6 (Chennai). Chennai also recorded the highest MAPC of 5.66 in ASIR in the age group of 65+. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the AAR ranged from 0.8 to 5.8 among the three registries. Increase in trend was seen in the 55-64 year age group cohort in many registries and in the 35-44 age group in Metropolitan cities such as Delhi and Mumbai. Conclusions: Several Indian registries have revealed an increasing trend in the incidence of prostate cancer and the mean annual percentage change has ranged from 0.14-8.6.
Large White, an introduced European pig breed, and Meishan, a Chinese indigenous pig breed, were hybridized directly and reciprocally and a total of 260 pigs, including purebreds, Large White and Meishan, and their hybrids, White${\times}$Meishan (LM) and Meishan${\times}$Large White (ML) pigs, were bred in our laboratory. The mRNA differential display PCR (DD-PCR) was used to detect the age-dependent changes of differential gene expression in backfat tissue between hybrids and parents. Some measures were taken to reduce the false positives in our experiment. Among the total of 2,686 bands obtained, 1,952 bands (about 72.67%) were reproducible and eight patterns (fifteen kinds) of gene expression were observed. The percentage of differentially expressed genes between hybrids and parents is 56.86% at the age of four months and 57.71% at the age of six months. This indicated that the differences of gene expression between hybrids and their parents were very obvious. U-test was used to compare the patterns of gene expression between the age of four and six months, and results showed that bands occurring in only one hybrid and bands displayed in one hybrid and one parent were significantly different at p<0.05, and bands visualized in only two hybrids were significantly different at p<0.01. These indicated that differential gene expression between hybrids and parents changed at different ages.
The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of white striping (WS), wooden breast (WB), and WS combined with WS/WB muscle abnormalities in broilers (Ross 500) at different slaughter ages (34, 41, and 48 d). In addition, the influence of these muscle abnormalities at different slaughter ages on quality characteristics (physical dimensions, pH, color index, and chemical composition) was studied. Overall occurrence of muscle abnormalities was 45%, 92%, and 100% at slaughter ages of 34, 41, and 48 d, respectively. It was found that about 39% from the occurrence of muscle abnormalities was not similar in the same bird (left and right fillets). Breast fillets affected by muscle abnormalities had significantly (p<0.05) higher weight than normal fillets. At slaughter age of 34 d, normal fillets had significantly higher L* (67.37 vs. 61.73 and 63.05, p<0.05), lower a* (3.25 vs. 4.87 and 5.18, p<0.05) and b* (4.02 vs. 5.20 and 5.99, p<0.05) than WS and WS combined with WB fillets; respectively. The changes in chemical composition due to muscle abnormalities were more significant at high slaughter age than at low slaughter age. In conclusion, the occurrence of muscle abnormalities was strongly influenced by slaughter age. Moreover, breast fillets affected by muscle abnormalities had different quality characteristics (proximate composition, color traits, and dimensions) in comparison to normal fillets.
Park, Kyeong-Yeol;Kwon, Shin-Han;Ree, Dong-Woo;Min, In-Ki
KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
/
v.33
no.2
/
pp.157-160
/
1988
This studies were conducted to obtain the basic information for the influencial plant age and cultural altitude in change of hop cone yield in Hoeongseong, Korea. The fresh cone yields per 10a were increased by the increase of plant age showing 181.0 kg in 1-year-old, 516.0 kg in 2-year-old, 670.0 kg in 3-year-old, 726.4 kg in 4-year-old and 761.0 kg in 5-year-old. The productivity of fresh cone at each plant age was significantly different from 1 age to 3 age but the productivity over 4-year-old hop plant was not significantly different. In the average hop cone yields, yearly variation was significant, but the yields among the altitudes studied were not significantly different.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.