• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.28-46
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• 2016

The study aims to find out relationship between investor's psychology and financial decision making. A questionnaire containing ten questions for investor's psychology and eleven questions on financial decision making was administered. The questionnaires addressed demographic and cultural variables and resulted in three investor's psychology and three for financial decision making. The results show differences in psychology of investors of different age groups. Similarly difference in financial decision making was observed for different age groups. Also a linear dependency was observed between the psychology and decision making.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.729-741
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• 2023

As the most popular shear connection in composite structures, mature concrete has been widely investigated by considering mechanical properties of stud connectors (SCs) embedded. To further enhance the fabrication efficiency of composite structures and solve the contradiction between construction progress and structural performance, it is required to analyze the shear performance of stud connections of composite structures with different concrete ages. 18 typical vertical push-out tests were carried out on stud shear connectors at concrete ages of 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. Also, the effects of concrete age, stud spacing and stud diameter on the shear capacity, connection stiffness and failure mode of the connectors were studied. A new relationship expression of load-slip for SCs with various concrete ages was proposed. The existing design code for the SCs shear strength was evaluated according to the experimental data, and a more practical prediction equation for the shear capacity of SCs with different concrete ages was established. A great agreement was observed between the experimental and theoretical results, which can provide a reference for engineering practices.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1696-1700
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of different feeding levels of concentrate (85, 100 and 115%) and age (15, 18 and 24 month) on fatty acid synthetase (FAS) activities in the 4 locations of adipose tissues (intermuscular, ITER; intramuscular, ITRA; kidney, KIDN and subcutaneous, SUBC) of 36 Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) steers. Steers of 100% feeding group were fed the amount of concentrate to meet the daily nutrient requirements, and the steers of second and third groups were fed concentrates at the levels of 85% and 115% of that of control group, respectively, up to 18 month of age. Thereafter, the steers were fed ad libitum up to 24 month of age. Feeding level of concentrates tended to affect the FAS activity of various adipose tissues in Hanwoo steers of each age. The FAS activity of ITER adipose tissue had the decreasing trend as the age of steers advanced while those of ITRA and SUBC adipose tissues had the slightly increasing tendency with age. The FAS activity based on the pooled data increased with the feeding level of concentrates (115%) in which the activities from all 4 adipose depots were higher than those with the lowest (85%) feeding level. Similar trend was observed from the pooled data of feeding level of concentrates by age of steers in which the FAS activities for all 3 ages were increased with feeding levels of concentrates. But the response in the FAS activity to the feeding level varied with age.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2014

This study investigated the anthropometric characteristics of US women 26 to 45 years of age to classify their body shapes into different categories. Research data was obtained from 2950 women 26 to 45 years of age who participated in the SizeUSA study. A 26 to 35 years of age group and a 36 to 45 years of age group were selected from the data pool. A total of 26 measurements important for body shape classification and for apparel product development was used for the data analysis. Five factors accounted for the US women's body measurements. The body shapes of women were categorized into 4 types: Obese A-Shape, Overweight Y-Shape, Obese H-Shape, and Normal S-Shape. Normal S-Shape was the most common body shape type. More women in the 26 to 35 years of age group had Normal S-Shape type than women in the 36 to 45 years of age group. More women in the 36 to 45 years of age group had Obese A-Shape, Overweight Y-Shape, and Obese H-Shape than women in the 26 to 35 years of age group. Younger US women, 26 to 35 years of age had slimmer body sizes with more balanced body shapes; however, older US women, 36 to 45 years of age had larger body sizes with more various body shapes.

• MALSORI
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• no.60
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• pp.13-28
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• 2006

This study focused on comparing the following acoustic changes according to age and sex in adulthood: Fo, Jitter, Shimmer, and NHR. One hundred twenty Korean adults were divided into three age groups (20's, 50's, and 70's) and two sex groups (male and female). The subjects of this study performed three tasks: (1) sustained three vowels; (2) read on paragraph of 'Taking a Walk' (3) explained a picture. The data was analyzed using the MDVP of Multi-Speech. In the parameter of Fo, sex and age were influential factors. In the parameters of Jitter, Shimmer and NHR, the effect of sex and age was different in all three parameters. When the groups organized by sex were analyzed by age, the 20's group showed a statistical difference in all four parameters (Fo, Jitter, Shimmer, and NKR), when compared to the other two age ranges of 50's and 70's. We need to consider our standard parameter for the normal voice in the Korean elderly because the 50's and 70's age normal groups in our study are out of the current range of normal in MDVP.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the body fat percent (BF%) and body mass index (BMI) of Koreans and the differences with Caucasians. Complete data were collected from 3297 subjects (2441females and 856 males) between the ages of 18 and 79. Data were collected between September 2001 and November 2001 in Seoul and Pusan. For the statistical analysis, only the data on subjects between the ages of 18 and 65(3200) were used Body weight and height were measured BMI (kg/$m^2$) was computed From BMI, BF (%) was calculated using age- and sex-specific prediction formulas. BF% was assessed using an INBODY 2.0 body fat analyser. Data analysis showed that the females were significantly younger than the males, were smaller, lighter and had a lower body mass index. Body fat percent of the females was higher than that of the males. 1he differences between actual measured BF% and BF% as predicted from prediction equations from the literature, based on BMI, age and sex, were correlated with level of body fat and age. There is a significant age-related decrease in body fat in Koreans for any given BMI and sex, which is remarkably different compared to age-related increases in body fat in the European reference group. For the same age and BF%, Korean females have a slightly lower BMI than their European counterparts. Korean males have, for the same age and BF%, a higher BMI than their European counterparts. The differences between females and males were not significant. It was concluded that, assuming that the data on body fat percent was correct, that the relationship between BF% and BMI is quite different in Koreans than in European Caucasians. Thus, for younger Koreans cut-off values for obesity should be slightly lower than those for Caucasians whereas for older Koreans the cut-off points for obesity should be higher than those for Caucasians.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2007

To obtain demographic information on threatened gold-spotted pond frog (Rana chosenica Okada, 1931) populations, we determined the ages of 45 male and 13 female frogs (20 males and 9 females from Cheongwon and 25 males and 4 females from Tae-an) and compared the age structures and growth patterns of the two populations in 2006. The snout-vent length (SVL) and body weight of female frogs were greater than those of male frogs in both populations. Male frogs' ages ranged 2 to 7 years old and females' ages ranged 3 to 6 years old. In both populations, 4 years old male frogs were the most abundant age-sex class. The age structures of the two populations were significantly different and the growth coefficients of male frogs from the Cheongwon population were greater than those from the Tae-an population. The mean age of males from the Tae-an population was higher than that from the Cheongwon population. However, the SVL and body weights of male frogs were not different between two populations and there was no difference between the two populations in the mean male SVL at any age. The results could increase our understanding of the life-history of this threatened frog and may be useful in conservation planning.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.190-205
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the consumption of health functional foods according to age group. We surveyed 300 subjects with quota sampling aged 10 to 50 and over. The rate of consumption of health functional foods by users was substantial (52.7%). Consumers of health functional foods showed higher scores for interest in health (3.97 vs 3.49, P<0.001) and knowledge of health functional foods (3.79 vs 3.30, P<0.001) than non-consumers of health functional foods. Regarding consumers of health functional foods, the number (P<0.01) and types (P<0.05) of health functional foods, reasons for taking (P<0.05), motivations for buying (P<0.05), periods of taking (P<0.001), cost per month (P<0.01), observance of instruction (P<0.01), and effectiveness (P<0.01) were significantly different according to age group. For non-consumers of health functional foods, reasons for not-taking (P<0.01) and types of health functional foods to be planned (P<0.001) were different according to age group. For consumers and non-consumers, problems (P<0.01) andimprovements (P<0.001) for health functional foods showed significant differences according to age group. The majority of subjects (85.4%) answered that heath functional foods had no side-effects. Reported side effects were inappetence (6.6%), constipation (2.6%), and headache (2.0%). In conclusion, differentiated strategies and specialized education programs according to age group might be needed for promoting adequate consumption and preventing side-effects of health functional foods.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.71-77
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• 2018

Purpose: Small for gestational age (SGA) is confusingly defined as birth weight (BW) either below 3rd percentile or 10th percentile for infants. This study aimed to compare postnatal catch-up growth between SGA groups according to different definitions. Methods: Data of 129 infants born with BW below the 10th percentile and admitted to Korea University Anam Hospital and Ansan Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Height and weight were measured at 6, 12, and 24 months. Results were compared between group A (BW: <3rd percentile) and group B (BW: 3rd-10th percentile). Results: Group A included 66 infants and group B included 63. At age 6 months (n=122), 62.9% of group A and 71.7% (P=0.303) of group B showed catch-up growth in weight. At 6 months (n=69), 55.9% of group A and 80.0% of group B (P<0.05) showed catch-up growth in height. At 12 months (n=106), 58.5% of group A, and 75.5% (P=0.062) of group B showed catch-up growth in weight. At 12 months (n=75), 52.8% of group A and 64.1% of group B (P=0.320) showed catch-up growth in height. Up to age 24 months, 66.7%/80.0% in group A and 63.6%/80.0% in group B showed catch-up growth in weight/height. Conclusion: Despite different definitions, there were no significant differences between the two SGA groups in postnatal catch-up growth up to age 24 months, except for height at 6 months. Compared to infants with appropriate catch-up growth, low gestational age and BW were risk factors for failed catch-up growth at 6 months.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.1 s.66
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• pp.137-151
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• 2007

This study was performed to narrow down the Sizing System for Female Adult's garments(KS K 0051) following age target and body shapes. The study was based on the sizing system and the anthropometric measurements, called Size-Korea, which were surveyed in the years 2003 and 2004. At first, the subjects of the survey were classified into 4 age groups, $18{\sim}24,\;25{\sim}34,\;35{\sim}49\;and\;50{\sim}59$, based on the most significant differences of body sizes. Secondly, the ranges of four key dimensions - height, bust, waist and hip-of normal sizes were identified through analyzing Rohrer index and percentile. The selected sizes within the ranges were grouped by the drop which was the subtraction of bust girth from hip girth. In conclusion, there was the most frequent drop for each age group; 9cm drop for the $18{\sim}24$ years old group, the 6cm drop for the $25{\sim}34$ years old and $35{\sim}49$ years old and 3cm drop for $50{\sim}59$ years old. The upper body garment sizes of the same drop and target ages could be merged to 10 to 12 sizes, which were remarkably smaller than the Female Adult garment sizing system, and further to 2-5 sizes, considering the percentile importance. However, $50{\sim}59$ years old group needed to be analyzed in different ways, because the number of subjects of normal size in the age decreased rapidly, that the normal sizes for them were very limited. In addition, the reference body sizes of each garment size were apparently different when they were compared to each age groups. These basic data for garment size specification could be usefully adapted for the apparel companies' own sizing system according to their age target and body shapes, to achieve efficient production and better fit.