• 음성과학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2007

It is important to examine patients' subjective evaluation as well as objective measures and clinician's rating to assess voice disorders. This study aimed to evaluate validity and reliability of Korean-version of Voice Handicap Index (KVHI) and Voice-Related Quality of Life (KVQOL) with 113 adults with voice disorders and 111 normal adults. Content validity was verified by three experienced speech-language pathologists. Concurrent validity was revealed by examining the correlation among KVHI, KVQOL, and Voice Rating Scale as well as item discrimination coefficients. Total scores of KVHI and KVQOL of adults with voice disorders were significantly different from those of normal adults. Test-retest reliability and internal consistencies were significantly high in both KVHI and KVQOL. Correlations among scores of each subscale and total score were also significantly high in each tool. The study revealed that KVHI and KVQOL are suitable tools to be used in clinics and research areas in Korea, which can subjectively evaluate the effects of voice disorders on daily life as well as on quality of life.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.351-379
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• 2011

이 연구는 국내에서 근거이론이 스트라우스의 방법만 소개되어 있고, 따라서 근거이론연구를 비롯한 많은 질적연구들이 스트라우스의 방법에만 의지해 이루어지는 지적 지형에 대한 문제의식에서 출발하였다. 근거이론방법의 창안자인 글레저와 스트라우스의 분기에 주목하여, 이 두 사람의 근거이론 방법상의 차이를 소개함으로써 근거이론 접근의 논쟁점을 제시한다. 글레저와 스트라우스 두 사람의 근거이론 차이는 연구과정의 기본논리, 핵심범주와 기본적 사회적 과정, 코딩절차와 방법의 세 가지 측면에서 고찰하였다. 연구결과 연구과정의 기본논리는 발견과 출현 대 검증과 강제의 논쟁점이, 핵심범주와 기본적 사회적 과정을 도출하는 방법상의 차이, 코딩과정과 축코딩을 중심으로한 코딩방법을 놓고 서로 다른 방법들을 제안하고 있었다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.445-457
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• 2011

1. Purpose Lee Je-Ma had continued to revise "Donguisusebowon" by adding the contents of the Symptomatic-pharmacology(病證藥理論) on Soeumin, Soyangin and Taeeumin to it from the first establishment of the old version in 1894 to 1900.(new version). This paper tries to find out the contents and meaning of the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases(病證論) between the old version and new version and what the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases affected the Theory of Eight Constitution created in subsequent years. 2. Methods I classified the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon" into old version and new version and tried to find out the Theory of Eight morbidities(8病證論) which is the predecessor of the Theory of Eight Constitution, before reviewing their relation. 3. Conclusions 1) The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in the old version specify that the externally sensed diseases are caused by the deep sediment of nature(性) and that the internally touched diseases are caused by the violent activities of emotion(情). In addition, it said that all diseases are caused by the specific characteristics of patient's smaller internal organs(偏小之臟). But in new version, the diseases were understood through the concept Exterior, Interior, Heat and cold(表裏寒熱). The new version said that the diseases may be caused not only the specific characteristics of patient's smaller organs but also by bigger organs(偏大之臟). 2) The Theory of Eight Constitution was derived from the Theory of Eight morbidities, in which all kinds of human diseases are caused by 8 disease-orgin organ and that the diseases therefore can be classified into 8 morbidities. The Theory of Eight morbidities reorganized the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon" by classifying them into first morbidity and second morbidity. 3) The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon" has decisively affected the creation of the Theory of Eight morbidities which is the predecessor of the Theory of Eight Constitution. The Theory of Eight morbidities may be deemed another interpretation of the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon". As the Theory of Eight morbidities put emphasis on the genetic characteristics, the Theory of Eight Constitution stating that Eight morbidities are caused by different specific constitution was derived.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회/대한산업공학회 2005년도 춘계공동학술대회 발표논문
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• pp.193-206
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• 2005

This paper considers a new flow-shop scheduling problem where a different WIP (work-in-process) state has different weight on the duration time. For the two machine case, the recognition version is NP-Complete in the strong sense. Several special cases are solved by different polynomial time algorithms. Finally, we develop a heuristic and provide an upper-bound on relative error which is tight in limit.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.326-330
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• 2016

Background: The Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire-50 (NOSACQ-50) was developed by a team of Nordic occupational safety researchers based on safety climate and psychological theories. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Persian version of NOSACQ-50 and assess the score of safety climate on a group of workers in a steel company in Iran. Methods: The Persian version of NOSACQ-50 was distributed among 661 employees of a steel company in Qazvin Province (Iran). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the dimensions of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficient. Pearson correlation test was applied to investigate the correlation between different dimensions. Results: The results of EFA showed that the Persian version of NOSACQ-50 consisted of six dimensions. The Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.94. The mean score of safety climate in all dimensions was 2.89 (standard deviation 0.60). Conclusion: The Persian version of NOSACQ-50 had a satisfactory validity for measuring safety climate in the studied Iranian population.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.327-341
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• 2000

본 논문은 프로시저 단위의 온라인 프로그램 교체를 수행하기 위한 일련의 방법들을 제안하고, 제안한 방법을 SUN Solaris 2.6 환경에서 사용자 응용 소프트웨어에 적용하여 검증한다. 구체적으로 본 논문은 동작 중인 소프트웨어의 어드레스 영역 중 교체 대상 프로시저에 해당하는 영역을 직접 새 버전으로 바꾸기 위한 절차와 방법을 제시할 뿐 아니라, 교체 대상 프로시저의 크기가 변화하는 경우에 발생하는 새 버전 프로시저를 위한 공간 할당 문제와 새 버전의 프로시저를 구 버전의 프로세스 어드레스 스페이스에서 올바르게 동작하도록 외부 심벌 리퍼런스를 수정하는 문제에 대한 일관적인 해결책을 제시함으로써, 프로시저 단위의 온라인 프로그램 교체를 가능하게 한다. 제안한 방법은 기존의 운영체제에서 제공하는 서비스만을 이용하여 온라인 프로그램 교체를 수행한다. 또한 제안한 방법에서는 프로시저라는 작은 교체단위를 지원하며 프로세스 어드레스 스페이스상의 필요한 부분만을 직접 수정하므로 온라인 교체에 따른 성능저하가 적다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2022

장비 도입 시 해당 장비에 설치된 커널의 정확한 버전을 식별하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 특정 커널 버전에 취약점이 발견된 경우 이에 대해 조치 여부를 판단하거나, 특정 커널 버전의 제외 또는 포함 등에 대한 도입 요구 조건이 있는 경우 이를 판단하는데 사용될 수 있기 때문이다. 하지만 많은 시스템 및 네트워크 장비 제조업체들은 공식적으로 배포되고 있는 리눅스 기저 커널을 그대로 사용하지 않고, 장비에 최적화된 펌웨어를 제작하기 위해 커널을 수정하여 사용하므로 리눅스 커널 버전을 판단하기 어려운 상황이 발생한다. 또한, 커널의 패치가 공개될 경우 제조사는 수정한 커널에 패치 내용을 반영하므로, 이런 과정이 지속될 경우 커스터마이징된 커널은 리눅스 기저 커널과 매우 다른 형상이 된다. 따라서, 특정 파일 존재 여부 등의 단순한 방법으로는 리눅스 커널을 정확히 식별하기 어렵다. 새로운 리눅스 커널 버전이 공개될 때는 새로운 함수가 포함되기도 하고 기존 함수가 삭제되기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 심볼 테이블에 저장된 함수명을 이용하여 펌웨어 커널 버전의 정적 식별 방안을 제안하고 실험을 통해 그 실효성을 증명하였다. 100개의 리눅스 펌웨어를 대상으로 한 실험에서 99%의 정확도로 리눅스 커널 버전을 식별할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 펌웨어 이용 환경의 보안성 향상에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.76-84
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this methodological study was to examine the reliability and validity of a translated Korean version of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) developed for assessment of pain in critically ill nonverbal patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 202 critically ill patients admitted to a university hospital. Upon establishment of content and translation equivalence between the English and Korean version of CPOT, psychometric properties were evaluated. Results: The interrater reliability was found to be acceptable with the weighted kappa coefficients of .81-.88. Significant high correlations between the CPOT and the Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators were found indicating good concurrent validity (r=.72-.83, p<.001). Data showed the area under the ROC curve of 0.86 with a cut-off point of 1, which resulted in 76.9% sensitivity and 88.6% specificity. The mean score of CPOT during suctioning was significantly different from that of before (t= -14.16, p<.001) or 20 minutes after suctioning (t=16.31, p<.001). Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the CPOT can be used as a reliable and valid measure to assess pain in critically ill nonverbal patients.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.1021-1044
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• 2016

Different versions of a damage index (DI) along with a formulation to find the number of cycles at failure due to fatigue, applicable to reinforced concrete (RC) structures are presented. These are based on an energetic analysis method and applicable to both global and local levels. The required data can be found either from the numerical simulation of structures or from the experimental tests. A computer program has been developed to simulate numerically the nonlinear behavior of RC columns under cyclic loading. The proposed DI gives a regular distribution of structural damages up to failure and is validated by the results of the tests carried out on RC columns subjected to cyclic loading. In general, the local and global damage indices give approximately similar results, while each of them has its own advantages. The advantage of the implicit version of DI is that, it allows the comparison of the results with those of the monotonic loading case, while the explicit version makes it possible to estimate the number of loading cycles at failure due to fatigue, and the advantage of the simplified version is that; the monotonic loading data is not needed for the cyclic loading case.

• 한국어학
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• 제64권
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• pp.117-168
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine woodblock prints possessed at Komazawa University and Hosa Library which are most precedent versions among a number of different versions of Daemyeongryul- Jikhae. This study has determined that both of two prints are same version printed by identical woodblock and the print of Hosa Library out of them was the fine version printed at an earlier stage. Moreover, this study has compared the print of Hosa Library with that of Mansong's collection of books in Korea University, thus the distinction has been classified into 4 types and described in detail. From the analysis about the difference between the prints of Hosa Library and Mansong's collection of books, this study has extrapolated the versions of Daemyeongryul-Jikhae in the early period of the Joseon Dynasty. This study suggests that the print of Daemyeongryul-Jikhae in Hosa Library demonstrates revision of legal articles and literal translation of the articles and thus, it is valuable literature that provides a basis for revising error in later versions including the print in Mansong's collection of books. Since various simplified forms and variants of Chinese characters were used in the print of Hosa Library, it is useful literature for studying Chinese character culture which was prevalent in local at the early period of the Joseon Dynasty.