• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2020

Recently, Linked Open Data has become a large set of knowledge bases. Therefore, the need to query Linked Data using question answering (QA) techniques has attracted the attention of many researchers. A QA system translates natural language questions into structured queries, such as SPARQL queries, to be executed over Linked Data. The two main challenges in such systems are lexical and semantic gaps. A lexical gap refers to the difference between the vocabularies used in an input question and those used in the knowledge base. A semantic gap refers to the difference between expressed information needs and the representation of the knowledge base. In this paper, we present a novel method using an ontology lexicon and dependency parse trees to overcome lexical and semantic gaps. The proposed technique is evaluated on the QALD-5 benchmark and exhibits promising results.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
• /
• pp.673-678
• /
• 2002

A satellite remote sensing is useful for vegetation monitoring. But it has some problem. One of these, it is difficult to find a difference of vegetation surface roughness using satellite remote sensing. Each vegetation type has unique surface roughness, for example needle leaves forest, broad leaves forest and grassland. Difference of vegetation surface roughness can be detected by satellite multiangular observation. In this study, objective is to propose index of vegetation surface roughness using BRF property. General vegetation indices are calculated from nadir data of satellite data. A proposed index is calculated from two different observation zenith angle data. Two different zenith data can provide BRF (Bi-directional Reflectance Factor) property of satellite observation data. A proposed index was able to detect different value on where NDVI shows similar high value areas of rice field and forest. This index is useful for vegetation monitoring.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2004

We have constructed a level-1 processor to generate brightness temperatures using the direct-broadcast data from the passive microwave radiometer onboard Aqua satellite. Although 50-minute half-orbit data, called a granule, are being routinely produced by global data centers, to our knowledge, this is the first attempt to process 10-minute long direct-broadcast (DB) data. We found that the processor designed for a granule needs modification to apply to the DB data. The modification includes the correction to path number, the selection of land mask and the manipulation of dummy scans. Pixel-to-pixel comparison with a reference indicates the difference in brightness temperature of about 0.2 K rms and less than 0.05 K mean. The difference comes from the different length of data between 50-minute granule and about 10-minute DB data. In detail, due to the short data length, DB data do not always have correct cold sky mirror count. The DB processing system is automated to enable the near-real time generation of brightness temperatures within 5 minutes after downlink. Through this work, we would be able to enhance the use of AMSR-E data, thus serving the objective of direct-broadcast.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.345-350
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in daily surface temperature of red pepper leaf compared to air and soil surface temperature. The maximum, minimum and average daily temperatures of red pepper leaf were 27.80, 11.40 and $19.01^{\circ}C$, respectively, which were lower by 0.10, 7.60 and $3.86^{\circ}C$ than air temperature, respectively, and lower by 15.00, 0.0 and $4.38^{\circ}C$ than soil surface temperature, respectively. Mean deviations of the difference between measured and estimated temperature by the E&E Model (Eom & Eom, 2013) for the air and surface temperature of red pepper leaf and soil were 0.64, 1.82 and $4.77^{\circ}C$, respectively. The relationships between measured and estimated scaled factor of the air and surface temperature of red pepper leaf and soil were very close to the 1:1 line. Difference between air and surface temperature of red pepper leaf showed a linear decreasing function with the surface temperature of red pepper leaf. Difference between soil surface temperature and air and surface temperature of red pepper leaf linearly increased with the soil surface temperature.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2006

역학(epidemiology) 또는 임상(clinic) 자료를 분석하기 위한 주효 측도의 선택에 대한 연구가 계속되고 있지만, 주효 측도들이 일반적인 함수 형태로만 표현되는 경우에는 주효 측도들의 특징이나 관계를 이해하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 이 논문에서는 주효 측도의 선택 문제 보다는 이변량 자료에 대한 주효 측도 중에서 위험도차이(risk different: RD), 상대위험률(relative risk: RR), 그리고 교차비(odds ratio: OR)를 방사형 그림(radar diagram)을 사용하여 나타내고 이 그림을 이용하여 이들의 특성이나 관계를 살펴보았다. 방사형 그림은 이 측도들을 이해하는데 좋은 도구가 될 것이다.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제18권7호
• /
• pp.49-62
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine under what conditions suggestion programs conducted by organizations actually increase individual perception of their work effectiveness. Specifically, this study looks into the effects of cooperation perception and relational demography of employee on work effectiveness of suggestion programs. It does this by focusing on the interaction effect of organizational commitment. Research design, data and methodology: Data was collected from 1,872 participants who took part in the suggestion program of HCCP 6th DATA. This data was subjected to multiple regression analysis. Results: a) higher employee cooperation perception enhances work effectiveness of suggestion program, but relational difference of knowledge diversity between team members has no effect on work efficiency; b) Positive effect of cooperation perception, and difference in education level on work effectiveness become greater as commitment increases. However, organizational commitment decreases the positive effect of difference in organizational tenure on work effectiveness by suggestion program. Conclusion: The results point to the importance of broadening the current conceptual models of employee work effectiveness of suggestion program to include relational demography, as well as the utility of conducting additional cross-level research on suggestion programs.

• 한국가정과학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the bodice patterns by analyzing sensory evaluations. Anthropomatric data was collected between April and October of 2000. Total 283 body measurements were collected for this study including both direct and indirect measurements(29 variables from the direct anthropometric data. 5 variables from the indirect anthropometric data). Data were analyzing using percentiles. standard deviation and Anova. The appearance and fit of three kinds of bodice patterns (N. L. H type) were evaluated by expert panel and the subjects. The results of the anthropometric measurements and sensory evaluations are as follows : A significant differences (p$\leq$.001) in the height, width and girth Items was found. The results of the bodice pattern evaluations by expert panel indicates that a significant difference (p${\le}$.05) in the responses to the placement of the waist dart, the fit of the bust area and the placement o( the back shoulder dart for 20's and 30's. The result of the evaluations by subjects indicates that a significant difference (p${\le}$.05) in the responses to the placement of the waist dart for 40's. A significant difference (p${\le}$.05) in the responses to the suitability of the shoulder area among the age groups.

• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.22-30
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study was to analyze the differences of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, nursing organization culture and intention of separation between national/public and private hospital nurses and thereby, provide for some basic data useful to effective management of nursing human resources and improve the organizational performances. Method: The researcher sampled 464 clinical nurses working for 4 national/public hospitals and the same number of private hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The data collected from the questionnaire survey were statistically processed using the SPSS PC 12.0 program for $X^2$-test, T-test and ANCOVA. Result: 1) There was found no significant difference of job satisfaction scores between national/public hospitals and private hospitals. 2) National/public hospital nurses scored significantly higher than private hospital nurses on the organizational commitment scale. 3) There was no significant difference of nursing organization culture scores between national/public hospitals and private hospitals. 4) In the area of job experience, national/public hospital nurses scored lower than private hospital nurses, but such a difference was not significant. Conclusion: Difference between two groups was significant only in the area of organizational commitment. In terms of sub-areas, the difference between two groups was significant in professionalism conducive to job satisfaction.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.191-205
• /
• 1993

In order to compare the strength of soldered joints relative to the various sol dering method, soldering processes were performed using Palladium based ceramo-metal alloy(Bond-on 4)and Nickel-cromium alloy(Vera Bond). The obtained data include difference in strength between presoldering and postsoldering The data also contain difference among postsoldered groups for 3 difference soldering methods(torch, infrared. Oven) The following results were obtained : 1. For postsoldering with Pd alloy, the oven-using group showed the highest strength while the difference in strength between the torch-using group and the infrared machine group was negligible. 2. For Pd alloy with the torch method, postsoldering resulted in the higher strength than presoldering. 3. There was a negligible difference in strength between presoldering and postsoldering when Ni-Cr alloy with torch method is used. 4. Through microscopic study of the fractured surfaces, the torch-using group showed more porosity than both the oven-using and the infrared machine groups. 5. In terms of fracturing patterns, the oven-using group showed adhesive failure while both the torch and the infrared machine groups showed cohesive failure and cohesive-adhesive failure.

• 식품보건융합연구
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2019

Significant low knowledge and poor attitudes on complementary feeding undermine the practices. This study was a cluster randomized controlled trial in which 284 study participants were assigned into two groups. One intervention group and a control group in a ratio of 1:1. Nutrition education on complementary feeding was carried out among the caregivers in the intervention group but the caregivers in the control group were not educated. To determine complementary feeding knowledge and attitudes, data was collected from caregiver at baseline, midline and at endline using researcher-administered questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. From the analysis, there was a significant difference in complementary feeding knowledge of the caregivers after the intervention. The baseline difference was -0.06, the midline difference was 3.85 the endline difference was 4.00 and the DID of the baseline and endline was 4.06 which was significant at p=0.001. There was a significant difference in the attitude of the caregivers towards complementary feeding at baseline (-0.14), midline (2.09), endline (3.82) and the DID of baseline and endline was 3.96 which was significant at p=0.001. The intervention improved the caregivers' knowledge on complementary feeding and it improved the attitudes of the caregivers towards adequate complementary feeding.