• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.157-171
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• 2011

얼마 전 세상은 제임스 카메론의 최근작인 <아바타>에서 디지털 액터의 성공적인 출현을 목격하였다. 이런 디지털 애니메이션 캐릭터의 탄생은 영상 표현 기술의 발전에 의해 갑자기 만들어진 것이 아니다. 과거 애니메이션 영상과 실사영상의 결합을 시도했던 수많은 노력들이 테크놀로지의 발전과 맞물려 영상산업계의 커다란 변화를 가져올만한 성과를 이루어낸 것이다. 이런 시도들의 선봉에 선 사람들 중, 지속적으로 주목할 만한 성과를 낸 대표적인 감독이 두 명 있다. 제임스 카메론 감독과 로버트 저메키스 감독이다. 영상 테크놀로지에 대한 지속적인 캐릭터 표현 연구와 노력이 작품을 통해 상당히 오랜 기간 동안 나타났다. 영상 테크놀로지의 역할에 대한 이해에 있어서 두 감독은 서로 다른 시각을 가지고 있었던 것으로 보인다. 실제로 테크놀로지를 대하는 자세의 차이가 결국 두 감독의 최근 작품에서 매우 다른 결과를 가져 온 것으로 생각된다. 본문에서는 영상 테크놀로지 이용을 중심으로 두 감독의 작품들을 비교, 분석해보고자 한다. 두 감독이 시도했던 애니메이션과 실사영상의 결합에 대한 진보적인 성과들, 또 영화 제작에 있어서 테크놀로지의 역할을 인식하는 자세의 차이를 알아보는 것은 향후 끊임없이 계속될 새로운 영상 기술의 출현을 맞이해야 하는 우리 영상산업계의 기술수용과 대응에 있어서도 그 의미를 찾을 수 있다고 본다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.497-507
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• 2013

횡하중을 받는 고층건물에서의 인장역이 형성될 때 강판전단벽의 앵글 변화한다. 본 연구에서는 강판전단벽을 갖는 3층, 9층, 14층 및 20층의 4개 구조물에 대한 유한요소해석 연구를 하였다. 유한요소해석 결과와 각 모델들의 이론식으로 계산된 결과를 비교하여 전단변형 모드와 휨변형 모드로 분류하였다. 전단변형 모드의 모델에서는 주응력 벡터가 일정한 경사각을 이루며 인장역을 발생시킨 반면 휨변형 모델에서는 인장역의 변화는 기존의 이론식과 차이를 보였다.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2000

Effects of Jasmonic Acid and Wounding on Polyphenol Oxidase Activity in Senescing Tomato Leaves The effects of jasmonic acid(JA) and wounding on polyphenol oxidase(PPO) during leaf senescence was investigated by measuring the PPO activity in detached tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) leaves of two-week-old seedlings. The PPO activity in the detached senescing leaves increased significantly in the dark. The leaf segments responded to the application of JA with accelerated senescence, as indicated by the loss of chlorophyll and rapid increase in the PPO activity. The senescence-promoting action of JA differed in the light and dark. Wounding the detached senescing leaves by scraping surface segments or making punctures with needles considerably delayed the loss of chlorophyll and had a significant effect on the PPO activity, the amounts of which were roughly proportional to the intensity of the wounding. In the dark, the combination of wounding plus JA resulted in stable levels of chlorophyll and PPO. JA and ABA acted similarly in both unwounded and wounded leaves, however, the amount of chlorophyll and PPO in the wounded segments was always higher than in the respective controls. JA was found to eliminate the senescence-retarding action of benzyladenine. In a histochemical localization test, the PPO activity was found to be localized in the cell walls of the parenchyma tissue, thereby indicating moderate cytoplasmic reactions. In the JA-treated plants, the PPO activity was intense in the cells of the cortex and phloem parenchyma. Accordingly, based on these observations it would appear that PPO is a component of a defense response maker, whereas JA plays an integral role in the intracellular signal transduction involved in inducible defense mechanisms.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.260-267
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• 1990

분쇄마찰매체 함유 효소반응계에서 순수분리된 glucoamylase 또는 $\alpha$-amylase에 의한 옥수수 생전분의 효소당화 mechanism을 규명코자, 생성된 당조성, SEM을 이용한 전분입자의 구조, 효소흡착량 그리고 amylose 함량 등의 변화를 관찰하였다. 생성당 조성은 분쇄마찰매체 효소반응계에서도 큰 변화없이 glucoamylase의 경우 반응초기부터 glucose가 주로 생성되었고, $\alpha$-amylase의 경우에는 maltopentaose (G5)를 포함한 oligosaccharide(G2-G8)가 주고 생성되었고 약간의 glucose가 포함되었으며, 당조성은 경시적으로 크게 변하지 않았다. SEM으로 전분입자의 구조를 관찰한 결과, 효소를 첨가하지 않을 경우 분쇄마찰매체의 기계적 충격은 전분입자의 구조변화에 큰 영향을 미치지는 못하였고 다만 전분입자를 균열시켰다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2003

To elucidate the molecular mechanism of pharmacological action of local anesthetics, we studied membrane actions of tetracaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, prilocaine and procaine. Fluorescence polarization of n-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (n-AS) was used to examine the effects of these local anesthetics on differential rotational mobility of different positions of the number of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicle (SPMV) phospholipid carbon atoms. The four membrane components differed with respect to 3, 6, 9 and 16-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (3-AS, 6-AS, 9-AS and 16-AP) probes, indicating that differences in the membrane fluidity might be present. Degrees of the rotational mobility of 3-AS, 6-AS, 9-AS and 16-AP were different depending on depth of hydrocarbon interior. In a dose-dependentmanner, tetracaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, prilocaine and procaine decreased anisotropy of 3-AS, 6-AS, 9-AS and 16-AP in the hydrocarbon interior of the SPMV. These results indicate that local anesthetics have significant disordering effects on hydrocarbon interior of the SPMV, thus affecting the transport of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ in nerve membranes and leading to anesthetic action.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1047-1054
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• 2003

Molecular chaperones have a crucial role in the folding of nascent polypeptides in endoplasmic reticulum. Some of them are known to be sensitive to the modification by electrophilic metabolites of organic pro-toxicants. In order to identify chaperone proteins sensitive to alkyators, ER extract was subjected to alkylation by 4-acetamido-4 -maleimidyl-stilbene-2,2 -disulfonate (AMS), and subsequent SDS-PAGE analyses. Protein spots, with molecular mass of 160, 100, 57 and 36 kDa, were found to be sensitive to AMS alkylation, and one abundant chaperon protein was identified to be protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in comparison with the purified PDI. To see the reactivity of PDI with cysteine alkylators, the reduced form ($PDI_{red}$) of PDI was incubated with various alkylators containing Michael acceptor structure for 30 min at $38^{\circ}C$ at pH 6.3, and the remaining activity was determined by the insulin reduction assay. Iodoacetamide or N-ethylmaleimide at 0.1 mM remarkably inactivated $PDI_{red}$ with N-ethylmaleimide being more potent than iodoacetamide. A partial inactivation of $PDI_{oxid}$ was expressed by iodoacetamide, but not N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) at pH 6.3. Of Michael acceptor compounds tested, 1,4-benzoquinone ($IC_{50}, 15 \mu$ M) was the most potent, followed by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and 1,4-naphthoquinone. In contrast, 1,2-naphthoquinone, devoid of a remarkable inactivation action, was effective to cause the oxidative conversion of $PDI_{red}$ to $PDI_{oxid}$. Thus, the action of Michael acceptor compounds differed greatly depending on their structure. Based on these, it is proposed that POI, one of chaperone proteins in ER, could be susceptible to endogenous or xenobiotic Michael acceptor compounds in vivo system.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.615-623
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• 2000

Under the assumption that people go through stages in making dietary behavior change, this study was attempted to apply the stages of a change model for fat intake by examining the associations of social psychological variables with stages of change in dietary fat reduction. Derived from social psychological theories, 10 social psychological variables on motivational beliefs(6), social influence(3) and self-efficacy(1) related specifically to selecting every day diets low in fat were constructed. Fat and energy intakes were assessed by a short form semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The associations of stages of change with motivational beliefs, social influence, and self-efficacy variables and energy and fat intakes were assessed in 333 female adults from large cities in Korea. Dietary stage groups differed significantly on most of the social psychological variables in ways predicted by theory. Motivational factors that lead to a psychological state of readiness to take action were important in the early stages of the dietary change process. Social influences were more important in the stages as people decide to take action. Self efficacy and motivational beliefs, particularly, reduction of perceived barriers were important in maintaining fat reduction behavior. The results of our study indicate differences in stages of change in fat reduction behavior in terms of nutrient intakes and social psychological correlates and suggests that adding a time dimension to social psychological models increases our understanding of dietary change, which assist us in designing nutrition education interventions that are more appropriately targeted by stage of change. (Korean J Community Nutrition 5(4) 615∼623, 2000)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2009

Fish oil and shortening have been suggested to have opposite effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated the effect of shortening and fish oil on CVD risk factors and aorta histopathology, and the association between risk factors and aorta histopathology. Male Wister rats (n=30) were fed an AIN-93G diet containing 20% fat in the form of fish oil, shortening, or soybean oil for 4 weeks. Total cholesterol (TC), triacylglyceride (TG), and C-reactive protein levels were significantly (P<0.001) lower in the fish oil than in soybean oil and shortening groups. HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly different (P<0.001) between groups. In addition, LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly (P<0.001) lower in the fish oil and shortening groups than in the soybean oil group. Insulin and glucose concentrations did not differ among groups. Effect of dietary fat on tissue fatty acid composition significantly differed in abdominal fat and brain compared with RBC, heart, kidney and liver. The aortic wall was significantly (P=0.02) thinner in the fish oil group than in the soybean oil and shortening groups. The aortic wall thickness was positively correlated with TG and TC, but negatively with EPA + DHA levels of all tissues. These results suggested that fish oil had protective effects on aorta histopathology by hypolipidemic action in this rat model.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.610-616
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the nurses' image perceived by nursing and health allied college students in Korea. Method: The data was collected from October 15th to November 15th, 2004. Subjects were composed of 679 students in three-year Junior College. The data was analyzed by SPSS 12.0 PC+ Win. The difference of nurse' image among departments and locations of Junior College were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and Tukey test. Result: The mean score of nurses' image 3.1 point of the total 5 point. Nurses' image is showed significantly difference according to the departments; the department of nursing (3.54), physical therapy (3.01), radiology (2.97), emergency medical technology (2.76) and clinical pathology (2.67). Nurses' image was significantly differed among the 4 domains according to 5 departments; 'the qualification of nurse', 'the role of nurse', 'the interpersonal relationship of nurse', 'the social participation of nurse'. Nurses' image formed through directly contacting with nurses' and seeing nurses' action (69.1%), watching nurse in TV drama (15.9%). Conclusion: It is considered that nursing and health allied college students were affected by inter-communications with nurses' more than by mass media.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2010

Altered mRNA expression of two metallothionein isoforms (MT-IA and MT-IB) in response to acute heavy metal exposure was examined in mud loach, Misgurnus mizolepis, fry using a real-time RTPCR assay. Sublethal exposure (1 or 5 ${\mu}M$) to Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn resulted in highly variable transcriptional responses of the two MT isoforms to the heavy metal ions, including upregulation, a steady state, and downregulation. Overall, the most potent inducer of both MT isoforms was Cd (up to 6-fold). Another exposure experiment using a series of doses of Cu revealed that the stimulation patterns of the two MT isoforms differed: MT-IA transcription was soon saturated at higher concentrations (about 2-fold at 1-4 ${\mu}M$ of Cu), whereas the activation of MT-IB was more dependent on the treatment dose (increased up to 5-fold at 3 ${\mu}M$). The isoform-specific allotment of constitutive and inducible functions was not as clear in fry as in adult tissues. Coordinated interaction between the MT-IA and MT-IB isoforms was hypothesized based on the finding that MT-IA represented a primary action under 'less stressful' or 'sublethal' conditions, whereas the activation of MT-IB became important under 'more stressful' or 'lethal' circumstances in this species.