• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1292-1302
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of rapeseed meal (RSM) supplementation in weaning pig diet on growth performance, blood profile, carcass characteristics and economic analysis on weaning to finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 120 cross bred ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc) weaning pigs were allotted to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had 4 replications with 6 pigs per pen. Five different levels of RSM (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) were used as dietary treatments. Results: Overall, no treatment showed significant differences in growth performance with increased dietary RSM levels. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased as dietary RSM levels increased in 6 weeks (linear response, p<0.01). Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine showed no significant differences, neither were there any significant differences in the immune response (IgG and IgA). As the dietary RSM levels of weaning pig diet were increased, no differences were found among dietary treatments upon performing proximate analyses of the pork after finishing. The influence of RSM supplementation on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention were not affected by dietary RSM levels either. With increased dietary RSM levels in the weaning pig diet, no differences among dietary treatments were found after performing proximate analyses of the pork's physiochemical properties. In addition, there were no significant differences observed in pork colors, pH levels, and economic benefits. Conclusion: Consequently, this experiment demonstrated that weaning pig's diet containing RSM influenced BUN concentration, but there were no detrimental effects on the growth performance of weaning pigs with up to 8% RSM in the diet.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.470-476
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• 2008

In this study, we assessed the effects of heat treatment on the in vitro hydrolysis indices of commercial Saengshik. Thermal treatment on grain flour and commercial Saengshik increased soluble dietary finer(SDF) and insoluble fiber(IDF), while total dietary fiber(TDF) content remained nearly constant regardless of thermal treatment. Among the samples, COS(Commercial Ohaeng Saengshik) showed the highest TDF and IDF content in raw and heated samples. Additionally, the resistant starch(RS) contents in unheated samples were shown to be high. After heating, the RS levels of all the samples were reduced significantly, by over 12%. The degree of gelatinization in the unheated samples was lower than that of the heated samples, whereas the degree of retrogradation in the unheated samples was higher than that of the heated samples. The hydrolysis indices(HI) of the unheated samples were relatively low, whereas the heated group evidenced high levels. The HI must be affected by content of RS and IDF in samples.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

The purpose of our study was to determine the effects of varying levels of energy, protein, and amino acids on the performances of laying hens. A total of 240 Hy-Line Brown laying hens at 36 weeks of age were used in this 4-week feeding trial. The hens were randomly allocated to five treatment diets, with eight replications of six hens in each replicate cage. The treatment diets were as follows: A- basal diet + 18% crude protein, metabolizable energy 2,800 kcal, total (methionine + cysteine) 0.65%; B- basal diet + 17% crude protein, metabolizable energy 2,700 kcal, total (methionine + cysteine) 0.59%; C- basal diet + 16.5% crude protein, metabolizable energy 2,700 kcal, total (methionine + cysteine) 0.59%; D- basal diet + 16.5% crude protein, metabolizable energy 2,700 kcal, total (methionine + cysteine) 0.54%; and E- basal diet + 16% crude protein, metabolizable energy 2,680 kcal, total (methionine + cysteine) 0.54%. The study results revealed that the hen-day egg production of hens that were fed with low-energy diets (B, C, and D) was comparable with that of hens fed with high-energy diet A, whereas average daily feed intake in hens fed treatment diet D and E was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that in hens fed treatment diet A. Overall, the eggshell thickness was unaffected by any of the treatment diets. Egg weight was comparable among the treatment diets, except for treatment diet E. Haugh unit improved with decreasing levels of dietary energy, protein, and methionine + cysteine in the diet. We can summarize that laying hens fed with low dietary energy and low crude protein treatment diets B, C, and D had satisfactory performance compared with those fed with high-energy treatment diet A. This indicates that there is the potential to reduce feed costs by formulating diets with lower energy and low protein levels.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of sub-atmosphere on the fermentation and heat treatment after fermentation of Kimchi. When the results from the conditions of atmosphere and under-atmosphere were compared, the growth of lactic acid bacteria was increased but the growth of aerobic bacteria was decreased under 560mmHg and 360mmHg. The number of total microorganism was decreased and simultaneously damaged to the tissue of Kimchi under 0mmHg. Kimchi fermented under 560mmHg and 360mmHg had longer storage duration than that of atmosphere. Among the several conditions, the result of heat treatment under 460-260mmHg was the best. the treatment for 4 minutes at 80$^{\circ}C$, 2 minutes at 100$^{\circ}C$, and 1 minute at 120$^{\circ}C$ was good in tissue states and storage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1148-1156
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• 2011

Compensatory growth of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed different diets with different feeding regime was compared. Four hundred fifty fish (twenty five fish per tank) were randomly distributed into 18 of 180 L flow-through tanks. Six treatments were prepared: fish were hand-fed with the control (C) diet to satiation twice a day, six days a week, for 8 weeks (C-8W treatment); and other groups of fish were starved for 2 weeks and then fed with the C, high protein (HP), high carbohydrate (HC), high lipid (HL), and combined protein, carbohydrate and lipid (CPCL) diets to satiation twice a day, six days a week, for 6 weeks, referred to as C-6W, HP-6W, HC-6W, HL-6W, and CPCL-6W treatments, respectively. Final body weight of fish in HP-6W treatment was higher than that of fish in C-6W, but not different from that of fish in C-8W, HC-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments. Specific growth rate of fish in HP-6W treatment was higher than that of fish in all other treatments except for fish in CPCL-6W treatment. Feeding rate of fish in C-8W treatment was higher than that of fish in HP-6W, HC-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments, but not different from that of fish in C-6W treatment. In addition, feeding rate of fish in C-6W treatment was higher than that of fish in HP-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments. Feed and protein efficiency ratios of fish in HP-6W, HC-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments were higher than those of fish in C-6W treatment. None of moisture, crude protein and ash content of the whole body of fish excluding the liver was different among treatments. Dietary supplementation of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and their combination could improve compensatory growth of fish when fish were fed for 6 weeks after 2-week feed deprivation; especially, supplementation of dietary protein was the most effective to improve compensatory growth of fish.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1328-1336
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• 2003

본 연구는 우리나라에서 발병률이 높은 간암의 발생과정에서 정어리유와 d-limonene의 섭취가 미치는 영향을 세포막 지질조성 및 PKC활성도를 통해 조사하여 이들의 항암 작용관련 기전을 규명 하고자 하였다. 따라서 이유된 흰쥐를 지방산 조성이 아주 다른 옥수수유, 정어리유를 15% 수준으로 공급하고 d-limonene 섭취군은 5%수준으로 공급하여 실험군에서는 발암물질인 DEN을 2회 복강 주사하고 PB를 물에 섞어 주어 20주간 사육하여 membrane fraction의 지방산 조성 및 지질의 조성, glutathione-S-transferase, PKC 활성도를 조사하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 간 세포막의 콜레스테롤과 인지질 함량에 대한 C/PL ratio는 옥수수유군에서 발암물질 투여나 d-limonene의 섭취에 따른 효과가 없었으나 정어리 유군에서는 발암물질 투여시, d-limonene 섭취시 유의적인 감소를 나타내어 식이지방의 종류에 따라 발암물질과 d-limonene의 작용이 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. Membrane fraction의 인지질 조성은 CL을 제외한 PE, PI, PG, PC, PS와 PE/PC ratio등 모두에 있어서 식이지방의 종류, 발암물질의 투여, d-liomnene섭취에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 세포막의 지방산 조성을 나타내는 n-6/n-3 ratio가 정어리유군에서 옥수수유군보다 유의적으로 낮았고, 옥수수유군에서는 발암물질 투여나 d-limonene의 섭취에 따라 유의적으로 증가했으나 정어리유군에서는 발암물질과 d-limonene에 의한 차이가 없었다. Cytosolic PKC의 활성은 식이지방의 종류와 발암물질 투여에 따른 차이는 없었고, d-limonene의 섭 취에 따라 유의적 감소를 나타냈으며, 막부착 PKC의 활성은 옥수수유군에서 유의적으로 높았고, d-limonene 섭취에 따라 감소 경향을 발암물질 투여에 따라서는 증가 경향을 보였으나 유의적인 차이를 나타내지는 않았다. GST활성은 식이 지방의 종류에 따른 차이는 없었으나 발암물질 투여와 d-limonene 섭취에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 발암물질과 d-limonene을 같이 공급시에 더욱 더 유의적으로 증가하였다. 이상의 실험 결과를 종합에 보면 암화과정에 일어나는 지방의 대사가 식이지방의 종류에 따라 차이를 보이며, 특히 정어리유군에서 d-limonene에 의한 C/PL ratio가 감소하여 막 유동성에 변화를 초래하고, 이에 따라 membrane bound enzyme의 활성에 변화를 가져오는 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 식이지방의 종류가 암의 발생에 미치는 영향이 다르고, 막부착 PKC 활성도를 감소시켜 발암을 억제하는 효과가 있으며, 이 효과는 지방의 종류에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 최근 n-3 지방산이나 d-limonene이 PKC expression을 감소시키고, apopotosis 촉진 단백질의 발현을 증가시켜 tumor cell의 apoptosis를 증가시킨다고 하여 n-3 지방산과 d-limonene의 또 다른 발암억제기전을 설명하고 있다. 그러나 n-3 지방산과 d-limonene의 상호효과에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이므로 d-limonene과 n-3 지방산의 교호작용에 의한 발암억제 기전에 대해서는 더 많은 연구가 필요하다고 하겠다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.633-638
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• 1992

Adriamycin의 투여로 변화되는 생체내 지질과산화대사에 대하여 비타민 A및 E의 급여와 이들의 동시급여의 효과를 살펴보기 위해 이유한지 1주된 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐를 6주간 사육하였다. 대조군을 제외한 모든 실험군에게 매주 일정시각에 ADR(2mg/kg/week)을 복강주사 한 후 비타민A와 E의 급여효과를 관찰하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 간 조직에서의 과산화지질 함량은 ADR투여로 현저한 증가로 보여주었고, 비타민 A 와 E급여가 이들의 생성을 저하시켰다. Catalase 활성도는 ADR의 투여로 증가된 반면 GSH-Px는 감소되는 경향이었다. 이에 비타민 A나 E의 급여로 ADR투여에 의한 효소 활성도의 변화를 완화시켰다. SOD의 활성은 ADR의 투여로 유의적인 변화는 나타나지 않았지만 비타민 A와 E동시 급여군에서 그 활성도가 현저히 유도외었다. 간 미토콘드리아의 지방산조정은 ADR투여로 큰 변화는 없었으나 비타민 E급여군이 비타민 A급여군 보다 방어효과가 더 좋았다. 또한 지질성분들의 변화는 ADR의 투여로 중성지질과 콜레스테롤 함량이 증가하였고 비타민 A의 급여에 의해 이들 함량이 유의적으로 감소되었다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.214-217
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• 2004

Dietary intervention and simvastatin is beneficial in the prevention cardiovascular diseases by lowering plasma lipid levels. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with coronary artery disease and its risk factors and is reversed by dietary intervention. It has been suggested that hyperlipidemia contributes to the development of atherosclerosis by increasing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression via intimal thickening. Statins treatment has been found to decrease iNOS expression and atherogenensis in animal models. We hypothesized that dietary intervention and simvastatin therapy could decrease plasma nitric oxide in hypercholesterolemic patients, which would suggest the opportunity for modulation of iNOS expression through the use of statins in a clinical situation. We measured the plasma levels of nitrite and nitrate (NOx) in 19 hyperlipidemia patients. The subjects were under dietary intervention following simvastatin therapy for 12 weeks. As a result, the plasma level of NOx, stable metabolites of nitric oxide (NO), saw a two-fold elevation in hyperlipidemic patients as compared to normal levels. Although 12 weeks of dietary intervention did not lower NOx levels, subsequent 12-week simvastatin (10 mg/day) treatment, along with dietary intervention, lowered NOx levels significantly. This NOx reduction, induced by simvastatin therapy, positively correlated with lowered coronary risk factors (r=0.40, p=0.02). It indicated that simvastatin therapy decreases plasma NOx levels by, perhaps, decreasing iNOS expression or activity leading to the attenuation of the development of neointima.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.778-789
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of dietary glucose oxidase (GOx) supplementation on the reproductive performance, litter performance, total tract digestibility, and blood profile of lactating sows fed corn- wheat-based diet. A total of twenty multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were allocated into one of four treatments with five replicates per treatment. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON (Basal diet), GO1 (basal diet + 200 U GOx/kg), GO2 (basal diet + 300 U GOx/kg), GO3 (basal diet + 400 U Gox/kg). Dietary GOx supplementation did not affect lactating sow's reproduction performance as well as body weight, backfat thickness, and body condition score during pre and post farrowing, and at weaning (p > 0.05). However, after farrowing to weaning period lactating sow's fed GOx supplement has linearly (p = 0.0196) decreased the bodyweight loss. While, there were no effects (p > 0.05) observed on sows backfat thickness loss, average daily feed intake, and estrus interval among treatment groups. Dietary supplementation of GOx has linearly improved the body weight gain (p = 0.049) and average daily gain (p = 0.040) of suckling piglets. The total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen was linearly increased with the graded level of GOx supplement. Also, a linear effect was observed on the glucose and superoxide dismutase of blood profile with the dietary inclusion of GOx. In summary, our finding indicates that the dietary inclusion of GOx supplement with corn- wheat-based diet had a beneficial effect on the nutrient digestibility and blood profile of lactating sows and improved the growth performance of suckling piglets.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.420-426
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• 1995

This study was conducted to compare the effects of n-6 linoleic acid and n-3 linolenic acid on lipid peroxidation and the activities of enzymes defending against oxidation, which are involved in the tumor promotion, and histolOgical changes of hepatocarcinogen treated rat liver. In this study, weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three diets, containing 15% (w/w) of beef fat (BF), com oil (CO) or perilla oil (PO), for 11 weeks. During the 3rd week, experimental groups were injected with 2-AAF (50 mg/kg of BW) intraperitoneally 3 times. Findings show that the com oil diet group has greater liver MDA content than the beef fat and perilla oil diet groups. Also, it is observed that the perilla oil diet group has lower MDA content than beef fat and com oil diet groups, even though perilla oil is more desaturated than beef fat and com oil. In terms of activity, mixed-function oxidase activity is not Significantly affected by the different dietary fats and 2-AAF treatment. GSH-peroxidase, GSH-reductase and GSH-Stransferase activities are significantly higher in the CO+AAF group than those of the other groups. GST and GSH-Px are activated by 2-AAF treatment in the com oil diet group only. The hepatocytes of the BF+AAF group were the most severely degenerated, the second was the CO+AAF group and the least was the PO+AAF group. It was also found that dietary com oil increased lipid peroxidation and activated defense enzymes against oxidation in liver, but dietary perilla oil did not, or supressed defense enzymes. Therefore it is concluded that dietary n-3 linolenic acid in perilla oil inhibits lipid peroxidation and carcinoenesis in rat liver following 2-AAF treatment.