• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.428-434
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• 2007

Cham-dang-gui (Angelica gigas nakai) has been used in traditional Korean medicine to treat hemotological disorders. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hematological effects of water extracts of Cham-dang-gui in rats with anemia induced by iron-free diets. Rats were divided into two groups, a regular diet group (RD) and an iron-free diet group (FeD). The iron-free diet group was then subdivided into the following three treatment groups: saline (1.0 ml/kgBW/day, FeDS), Cham-dang-gui (1.0 g/kgBW/day, FeDA), and iron (iron succinylate 14 mg/kgBW/day, FeDFe) groups. Rats were fed an iron-free diet for 6 weeks to induce iron-deficient anemia, and subsequently underwent the treatments, during which they were fed an iron-free diet for 3 weeks followed by a regular diet for 3 weeks. Body weights of the iron-diet groups (FeDS, FeDA, FeDFe) were lower than that of RD group. The blood levels of Hgb, Hct, MCV, MCH and TIBC were significantly higher in RD and FeDFe groups than those of other groups. The water extract of Cham-dang-gui with iron-free diet has no hematological effects. A regular diet followed by iron-free diets significantly increased blood levels of Hgb, Hct, and MCH.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1425-1434
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• 2011

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of the processing method of common vetch seed (CVS) (Vicia sativa) on laying performance, egg quality, metabolic parameters and liver histopatology during the peak production period in hens. Lohman layers, 46 wk of age in 6 replicate cages each containing 4 hens, were allocated randomly to one of four dietary treatments. Diets were control (C) diet containing no common vetch and experimental diets containing 25% raw common vetch (RCV), 25% soaked in water for 72 h with exchange of water every 24 h (SCV) and 25% soaked&boiled at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 minute common vetch (SBCV). Inclusion of RCV into the diet deteriorated all laying performance variables. SCV did not alleviate the adverse effect of raw common vetch on feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion, final weight and weight change. SCV partially alleviated egg production (p<0.001). SBCV diminished the adverse effect on feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion, final weight and weight change compared to raw vicia sativa (p<0.001). No significant difference was detected between SBCV and the control group in terms of egg production, feed conversion, final weight and weight change. Regardless of the processing method, all the common vetch groups had lower shell strength compared to the control group. Haugh units did differ between all groups (p<0.001). Inclusion of RCV and SCV into the basal diet decreased triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein and serum glucose concentrations (p<0.001). Hovewer, inclusion of SBCV into the basal diet increased these parameters. Liver samples were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and evaluated by light microscopy. A biopsy of native liver tissue was used as a control. No histopathologic finding was present in the control group. Raw V. sativa compared with the control caused lipid accumulations in hepatocytes, severe congestion of hepatic blood vessels, inflammation, increased numbers of Kupffer cells and sinusoidal dilatations. Whereas, the livers from groups given treated V. sativa showed only different degrees of sinusoidal dilatations. Findings from the present study point out the risk of increased hepatic damage due to use of raw Vicia sativa. Increasing treatment of V. sativa lead to a decrease of liver damages. Inclusion of raw and soaked vetch seeds in rations affected adversely all parameters examined in laying hens. But alleviation was observed when soaked and boiled vetch seeds (SBCV) were fed. The results of these experiments indicated that soaked&boiled Vicia sativa seeds may safely be used at a 25% level in rations of laying hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.267-271
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• 2012

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of one alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol ($1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$) on growth performance, tibia quality, and skin and meat color in broilers fed calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient corn-soybean meal diets. A total of 288 male Ross broilers, at 21 days of age, were randomly assigned to three treatments with eight cages per treatment. Three levels of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ (0, 5, and 10 ${\mu}g$/kg) were added to a basal diet (0.50% Ca, 0.13% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and 0.35% total phosphorus (tP)) without vitamin $D_3$. As a result of this study, the addition of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ increased body weight gain (p<0.001), feed intake (p = 0.007), feed efficiency (p<0.001), tibia weight (p = 0.002), length (p<0.001), breaking-strength (p = 0.012), ash (p<0.001), Ca (p<0.001), and P content (p = 0.004). Dietary $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ enhanced breast meat yellowness (p = 0.015) and the length and weight of the small intestine of the broilers. Moreover, $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ decreased serum Ca concentration (p = 0.074) and breast meat redness (p = 0.010). These results indicate that the $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ improves growth, tibia quality, and meat color in broilers fed Ca- and P-deficient corn-soybean meal diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.294-304
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• 2020

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the absorbent (a mixture of activated carbon and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate) on growth performance, blood profiles and hepatic genes expression in broilers fed diets naturally contaminated with aflatoxin. Methods: A total of 1,200 one-day-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with 10 replicate cages per treatment. The dietary treatments were as follows: i) control (basal diets); ii) 50% contaminated corn; iii) 100% contaminated corn; iv) control+1% adsorbent; v) 50% contaminated corn+1% absorbent; vi) 100% contaminated corn+1% absorbent. Results: During d 1 to 21, feeding contaminated diets reduced (p<0.05) body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI), but increased (p<0.05) feed-to-gain ratio (F/G). The absorbent supplementation increased (p<0.05) BW, ADG, and ADFI. There were interactions (p<0.05) in BW, ADG, and ADFI between contaminated corn and absorbent. Overall, birds fed 100% contaminated diets had lower (p<0.05) final BW and ADG, but higher (p<0.05) F/G compared to those fed control diets. The absorbent addition increased (p<0.05) serum albumin concentration on d 14 and 28 and total protein (TP) level on d 28, decreased (p<0.05) alanine transaminase activity on d 14 and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase on d 28. Feeding contaminated diets reduced (p<0.05) hepatic TP content on d 28 and 42. The contaminated diets upregulated (p<0.05) expression of interleukin-6, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), but downregulated (p<0.05) glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression in liver. The absorbent supplementation increased (p<0.05) interleukin-1β, CAT, SOD, cytochrome P450 1A1 and GST expression in liver. There were interactions (p<0.05) in the expression of hepatic CAT, SOD, and GST between contaminated corn and absorbent. Conclusion: The results suggest that the naturally aflatoxin-contaminated corn depressed growth performance, while the adsorbent could partially attenuate the adverse effects of aflatoxin on growth performance, blood profiles and hepatic genes expression in broilers.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.511-519
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• 2011

Dietary intake of whole grains reduces the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In an earlier study, we showed that Panicum miliaceum L. extract (PME) exhibited the highest anti-lipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells among extracts of nine different cereal grains tested. In this study, we hypothesized that PME in the diet would lead to weight loss and augmentation of hyperlipidemia by regulating fatty acid metabolism. PME was fed to ob/ob mice at 0%, 0.5%, or 1% (w/w) for 4 weeks. After the experimental period, body weight changes, blood serum and lipid profiles, hepatic fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression, and white adipose tissue (WAT) fatty acid composition were determined. We found that the 1% PME diet, but not the 0.5%, effectively decreased body weight, liver weight, and blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) compared to obese ob/ob mice on a normal diet. Hepatic lipogenic-related gene ($PPAR{\alpha}$, L-FABP, FAS, and SCD1) expression decreased, whereas lipolysis-related gene (CPT1) expression increased in animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Long chain fatty acid content and the ratio of C18:1/C18:0 fatty acids decreased significantly in adipose tissue of animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Serum inflammatory mediators also decreased significantly in animals fed the 1% PME diet compared to those of the ob/ob control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that PME is useful in the chemoprevention or treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1153-1163
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• 2019

In women, obesity rises with menopause. By comparing the dose-dopendent effects of genistein on regulation of body weight and lipid levels with swimming exercise in female ovariectomized (OVX) mice, an animal model of postmenopausal women, the effective dose of genistein on obesity control was investigated. Ovariectomized female mice were divided into control group, swimming exercise group and genistein concentration (0.005%, 0.05%, 0.1% wt/wt) treatment group and all mice fed high-fat diet for 8 weeks. The three different genistein doses as well as swimming decreased body weight, white adipose tissue mass, plasma lipid levels and lipid accumulation in liver, compared with control OVX mice. These decrease effectiveness of genistein showed dose-dependent manner, and is most effective at 0.1% genistein concentration, and paralleled effects of swimming on body weight, white adipose tissue, plasma lipid levels and lipid accumulation in liver. This present findings indicate that optimal dose of genistein in feamle OVX mice have a similar effect to swimming exercise on improvement of obesity. Intake of dietary genistein supplements will help obesity prevention in postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2006

The effects of cheonggukjang(traditional fermented soybean food, CK) and cheonggukjang added Agaricus blazei (CKA) on lipid metabolism were investigated in female Sprague-Dawley rats (20 weeks old). The rats were fed a purified hyperlipidemic diet (control diet: 0.1% cholesterol, 10% fat, 18% casein) for 4 weeks. The rats were randomly assigned to each treatment group: control, two kinds of CK or CKA (powders of CK or CKA as dietary protein sources). After 8 weeks of experimental diets consumption, the body weights, and the uterine fat pad weights of CK and CKA diets groups were more significantly decreased than those of the control diet group. The liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in both the CK and CKA diets groups than those in the control group. The concentrations in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index ratios were significantly decreased in the CK and CKA diets group s compared with those in the control group. The HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios were significantly increased in the CK and CKA diets groups compared with those in the control group. The fecal cholesterol and triglyceride excretion in the CK and CKA diets groups were more increased than those in the control group. These results showed that both the feeding the rats with cheonggukjang and cheonggukjang added Agaricus blazei decreased the triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in serum as well as the triglyceride and cholesterol in liver, and increased the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio in serum.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2012

This study evaluated the effect of fish oil rich in n-3 fatty acids on bone characteristics in Sprague-Dawley rats. Weanling male rats were randomized to receive either a diet containing high fish oil (FO), fish oil blended with corn oil (FICO), or soy oil rich in n-6 fatty acids (SO) for 4 weeks. All diets provided 70 g/kg fat based on the AIN-93G diet. Growth and biomarkers of bone metabolism were analyzed, and femur bone characteristics were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After the dietary treatment, no significant differences among the diet groups were observed for serum concentrations of Ca, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, or osteocalcin. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly greater in FO-fed rats compared to that in the FICO and SO groups, whereas no difference in deoxypyridinoline values was observed, supporting the positive effect of a FO diet on bone formation. These results were accompanied by a significant increase in femur bone mineral density (BMD) in FO-fed rats. These findings suggest that providing fish oil rich in n-3 fatty acids correlates with higher alkaline phosphatase activity and BMD values, favoring bone formation in growing rats.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.481-487
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• 2013

Following breast cancer diagnosis, women often attempt to modify their lifestyles to improve their health and prevent recurrence. These behavioral changes typically involve diet and physical activity modification. The aim of this study was to determine association between healthy eating habits and physical activity with quality of life among Iranian breast cancer survivors. A total of 100 Iranian women, aged between 32 to 61 years were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Eating practices were evaluated by a validated questionnaire modified from the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) study. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A standardized questionnaire by the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life and its breast cancer module (EORTC QLQ-C30/+BR-23) were applied to determine quality of life. Approximately 29% of the cancer survivors were categorized as having healthy eating practices, 34% had moderate eating practices and 37% had poor eating practices based on nutrition guidelines. The study found positive changes in the decreased intake of fast foods (90%), red meat (70%) and increased intake of fruits (85%) and vegetables (78%). Generally, breast cancer survivors with healthy eating practices had better global quality of life, social, emotional, cognitive and role functions. Results showed that only 12 women (12%) met the criteria for regular vigorous exercise, 22% had regular moderate-intensity exercise while the majority (65%) had low-intensity physical activity. Breast cancer survivors with higher level of physical activity had better emotional and cognitive functions. Healthy eating practices and physical activity can improve quality of life of cancer survivors. Health care professionals should promote good dietary habits and physical activity to improve survivor's health and quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2015

In the present study, offsprings of 14 sows were used to evaluate the effect of fermented milk substituted for creep feed to analyze its effect on growth performance, diarrhea score and blood profiles. The piglets of sows were randomly allocated into 1 of 2 treatments (1 treatment separated piglets of 7 sows). The dietary treatments includes: CF (creep feed) and FM (fermented milk). The CP and FM diets were given from 3 d after piglets were born to the day of weaning (21 d after piglets were born). No significant difference (P>0.05) were observed in number of born piglets, weaning pigs, survival rate, body weight of piglets at d 0, 7, 14, and 21, ADG and ADFI. At d 21, piglets fed with CP had a higher (P<0.05) IgG compared with piglets fed with FM. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in WBC among the treatments at d 21. At d 6, piglets fed with CP had a lower (P<0.05) number of diarrhea piglets compared to piglets fed with FM. In conclusion, FM substituted for CP had no adverse effect on growth performance in lactating piglets.