• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.577-582
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the replacement of fish meal (FM) with a plant and animal protein mixture (wheat gluten, soy protein concentrate, tankage meal and poultry by-product meal) in the diets of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The basal diet was formulated to contain 65% FM (Con). Four other experimental diets were formulated with alternative proteins replacing 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of FM (FM20, FM30, FM40 and FM50, respectively). Taurine and betaine were added to the FM replacement diets. Triplicate groups of fish (mean±SD, 5.41±0.01) were fed the diets to apparent satiation for 15 weeks. After the feeding trial, no significant differences were found between any dietary groups in growth performance, feed utilization, survival, hematological parameters or whole-body composition. This result indicates that a proper mixture of the four protein sources with taurine and betaine supplements can be used as FM replacement to reduce FM levels from 65% to 32.5% in juvenile olive flounder diets.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2002

타우린이 산란계의 지방대사에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 두 번의 시험을 수행하였다. 시험 1에 있어서 19주령 산란계를 사료에 타우린을 첨가하지 않은 대조구, 0.4%,0.8%그리고 1.2%를 첨가한 4가지 시험구에 균일하게 분포시켜 10주 동안 사양하였다. 1.2%타우린 첨가시 산란계의 복강지방 량은 대조구에 비하여 29.2% 낮았다. 혈청 중 중성지방과 HDL-콜레스테롤의 농도는 처리구간 타이가 없었으나 총 콜레스테롤의 농도는 1.2% 타우린 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 22.4%높았다. 간의 중성지방과 총 콜레스테롤의 농도는 0.8%그리고 1.2%타우린 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 각각 26.1%와 26.4% 그리고 28.2%와 26.4% 낮았고, HDL-콜레스테롤의 농도도 1.2% 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 33.9%낮았다. 시험 2에서는 81주령 산란계를 사료에 타우린을 첨가하지 않은 대조구, 1%그리고2%첨가한3가지 시험구에 균일하게 분포시켜 6주 동안 사양시험을 실시하였다. 1% 타우린 첨가구는 대조구에 비하여 복강지방량이 25%감소하였으나, 혈청 중 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤 및 HDL-콜레스테롤의 농도는 대조구와 차이가 없었다. 그러나 2% 타우린 첨가구는 대조구에 비하여 혈청 중 중성지방과 콜레스테롤의 농도가 각각 44%와 19.8% 낮았으며, HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 대조구에 비하여 75% 높았다. 그리고 간의 중성지방과 총 콜레스테롤의 농도의 경우, 1%첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 각각 36.8%와 23%낮았으나, 2%첨가구는 대조구에 비하여 각각 78.4%와 70% 높았다. 또한 간의 HDL-cholesterol 농도의 경우, 1% 첨가구는 대조구와 차이가 없었으나 2% 첨가구는 62.8% 높았다. 본 연구의 결과는 산란계에 타우린의 급여는 복강지방의 축적을 억제하며, 이는 중성지방과 콜레스테롤 대사의 변화를 수반한다는 것을 보여준다.는 역할을 한다. 소풍의 적절한 활용은 시각적 요소 및 비언어적 전달요소에 의한 정보전달을 중심으로 주목률을 높일 뿐만 아니라 그에 뒤따르는 소구과정의 단계를 증폭시키고 가속화시킨다. 또한 소품의 사용은 광고물의 분위기나 가치, 신념 등도 전달할 수 있다. 따라서 좀더 많은 새로운 모험과 실험이 많아질수록 광고의 미래전망이 밝아질 것으로 예측된다.t and t-test were utilized for the statistical analysis of each parameter. The results showed that the differences in AU $C_{0-}$30hr/, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ between two were ~5.66, 1.74 and 0.00%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences ($\Delta$) at $\alpha$=0.05 were less than$\pm$ 20% except $T_{max}$ (8.44, 18.36, and 33.86%, respectively). The 90% confidence intervals of all parameters were within $\pm$20% (-10.60~ -0.72, -9.00~12.49 and -19.81~19.81%, respectively). Therefore, it is concluded that the two formulations are bioequivalent for both the extent and the rate of absorption after single dose administration.ation.ion.ion.ation.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 1996

고등어는 흔히 많이 먹는 붉은살 생선으로 가정에서는 생선으로 구입하여 조리하기도 하지만 소금에 절여 판매하기도 한다. 또한 고등어는 부패하면 식중독의 원인이 되는 histamine이 생성되므로 저장조건이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 염분농도를 0, 3, 5, 10%로 달리하고 저장온도를 0, 8, 16, 2$0^{\circ}C$로 변화시켜 저장했을 때, 맛 성분인 inosine산(IMP)과 K값의 변화, 유리아미노산의 변화, histamine의 생성량을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 생시료중에 있는 IMP의 함양은 607.3mg%였고, 저장온도가 낮을수록, 절임 농도가 높을 수록 IMP 함량의 감소속도가 느렸다. 2. 생시료의 K값은 14%, inosine은 99.9mg%였으며, 저장온도가 높을수록 절임농도가 낮을수록 발리 증가되었다. 3. 저장에 따라 신선도가 멸소되어 가식정도의 수준인 K값이 50%이 되는 저장일수는 염분 농도에 관계없이 $0^{\circ}C$ 저장에선 13.6-16.6일이 되었고, 온도가 높을수록 빨라져 2$0^{\circ}C$ 저장에선 1.4-3.3일이었다. 즉 일정온도에서는 염분농도가 높을수록 그 기간이 길었으나 그 차이는 2-3일 정도였다. 4. 유리아미노산은 $0^{\circ}C$와 높은 염분농도에서 저장하면 서서히 증가했으나, 높은 온도(2$0^{\circ}C$)에서 저장하고 염분을 첨가하지 않은 경우는 taurine과 histamine 제외하면 증가하였으며, 이때 급격히 증가하는 것은 Ala., Glu., Val., Leu., Lys., NH$_3$ 등이고 서서히 증가하는 것은 Phe., Gly., Ile. 등이었다. 5. Taurine과 histamine은 다른 유리아미노산 증가와 반대로 높은 온도, 무염군에서 감소폭이 컸다. 6. Taurine은 무염처리군에서 2$0^{\circ}C$에서는 $0^{\circ}C$에서 보다 급격히 감소하였으나, 10% 염분 처리군에서는 $0^{\circ}C$와 2$0^{\circ}C$사이에 별차이 없이 저장일수에 따라 감소하였다. 7. Histamine 생성량이 100mg% 이상이 된 것은 무염처리군에선 16$^{\circ}C$와 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 3일(180mg%, 443.5mg%)에 있었고, 3% 식염 첨가군에선 16$^{\circ}C$에서 10일 (163.lmg%)에 있었으며 5, 10%식염 첨가군에선 미량만 생성되었다. 따라서 고등어 저장은 $0^{\circ}C$에서 저장할 때 2주일 정도가 최대기간이고 염분을 첨가하면 저장일수는 2-3일 연장시킬 수 있다. 염분을 첨가하지 않고 실온에 방치하면 2-3일에도 부패하여 histamine이 생성되므로 저온 저장이 제일 효과적임을 알 수 있다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1839-1848
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the comparative effects of dietary functional nutrients including glutamine (Gln), chromium picolinate (Cr picolinate), vitamin C (Vit C), betaine (Bet), and taurine (Tau) on growth performance, meat quality, immune responses, and stress biomarkers in broiler chickens raised under heat stress conditions. Methods: A total of 420 21-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens (initial body weight = 866±61.9 g) were randomly allotted to 1 of 7 treatment groups with 6 replicates. One group was kept under thermoneutral conditions and was fed a basal diet (PC, positive control). Other 6 groups were exposed to a cyclic heat stress condition. One of the 6 groups was fed the basal diet (NC, negative control), whereas 5 other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Gln, 500 ppb Cr picolinate, 250 mg/kg Vit C, 0.2% Bet, or 1.0% Tau. The diets and water were provided ad libitum for 21 d. Results: Broiler chickens in NC group had decreased (p<0.05) growth performance and immune responses measured based on cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH), but increased (p<0.05) stress responses measured based on feather corticosterone concentrations and blood heterophil:lymphocyte than those in PC group. However, none of dietary functional nutrients had a positive effect on growth performance of broiler chickens. Dietary supplementation of 250 mg/kg Vit C improved (p<0.05) CBH responses of broiler chickens, but other functional nutrients had no such an improvement in CBH responses. All functional nutrients decreased (p<0.05) stress responses of broiler chickens. Conclusion: Functional nutrients including Gln, Cr picolinate, Vit C, Bet, and Tau at the supplemental levels used in this study decrease stress responses of broiler chickens to a relatively similar extent. However, this reduction in stress responses could not fully ameliorate decreased productive performance of broiler chickens raised under the current heat stress conditions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.976-985
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• 1995

Changes in free amino acid concentrations is blood and various tissues were evaluated in cats adapted to the low-protein diet(20% protein, LPD) or the high-protein diet(60% protein, HPD) for 5 weeks. Cumulative body weigth gain for the 5 week period was 463$\pm$43g, and -128$\pm$40g for cats fed HPD and LPD, respectively. Feeding HPD significantly increased the size of liver and kidney. Cats adapted to HPD for 5 weeks have significantly elevated plasma concrntrations of essential amino acids (branched-chain amino acides, threonine, trytophan, phenylalanine and methoionine), whereas plasma levels of non-essential amino acids(alanine, asparagine, glycine, glutamine and serine) were significantly reduced in animals adapted to HPD(p<0.01, or p<0.001) compared to the values for the cats fed LPD. Changes in free amino acid concentratioks in whole blood induced by the variations in dietary level of protein closely reflect the pattern seen in plasma. Amino acids such as branched-chain amino acids, proline and threonine were most difficult to maintain homeostasis and consistantly elevated in lever, kidney, skeletal muscle and brain, as well as in blood of cats adapted to HPD(p<0.01 or p<0.001). All of the free amino acids in jejunum, excluding taurine and ornithine, were significantly elevated in animals adapted to HPD, most probably due to the rapid absorption of large amount of amino acids across the epithelium of small intestine.

• 셀메드
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.29.1-29.11
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• 2013

Certain dietary contents, biological supplements might influence the occurrence or treatment of epilepsy. Some studies have found that the supplementation with individual nutrients reduced seizure frequency or improved other aspects of health in patients with epilepsy. Potentially beneficial dietary interventions include treating blood glucose dysregulations. Identifying and avoiding allergenic foods, and avoiding suspected triggering agents such as alcohol, aspartame, and monosodium glutamate. The Atkins diet (very low in carbohydrates) is a less restrictive type diet that may be effective in some cases. Nutrients that may reduce seizure frequency include vitamin B6, magnesium, vitamin E, manganese, taurine, dimethylglycine, and omega-3 fatty acids. Administration of thiamine may improve cognitive function in patients with epilepsy. Supplementation with folic acid, vitamin B6, biotin, vitamin D, and L-carnitine may be needed to prevent or treat deficiencies resulting from the use of anticonvulsant drugs. Vitamin K1 has been recommended near the end of pregnancy for women taking anticonvulsants. Melatonin may reduce seizure frequency in some cases, and progesterone may be useful for women with cyclic exacerbations of seizures. In most cases, nutritional therapy is not a substitute for anticonvulsant medications. However, in selected cases, depending on the effectiveness of the interventions, dosage reductions or discontinuation of medications may be possible. However, nutrient supplementation may be necessary to prevent or reverse the effects of certain deficiencies that frequently result from the use of antiepileptic drugs.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2008

향토전통식품에 대한 체계적인 위생적 품질을 평가하기 위한 기초 연구로, 국내에서 시판되는 홍어회의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 홍어회의 pH는 국내산이 9.0, 수입산은 8.9${\sim}$9.1이었다. 홍어회의 휘발성 염기질소는 국내산은 46.3 4mg%, 칠레산은 45.43 mg%, 아르헨티나산은 51.61 mg% 및 중국산은 52.14 mg%로 나타났다. 아미노태 질소는 칠레산이 가장 많았고, 중국산이 가장 적게 나타났다. TMAO 함량은 국내산이 수입산보다 더 많았다. 국내산 홍어회의 총균수는 6.6 log CFU/g 수준이었고, 수입산의 경우에는 5.1${\sim}$6.5 log CFU/g 수준이었다. 홍어회의 대장균은 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 국내산, 칠레산, 아르헨티나산 및 중국산은 각각 25종, 24종, 23종 및 24종의 유리아미노산이 검출되었으며, 총 함량은 579.7 mg, 398.1 mg, 387.6 mg 및 496.3 mg이었다. Taurine의 함량이 가장 많이 검출되었고, 그 다음으로는 anserine, lysine, alanine, glycine, proline, ${\beta}$-alanine, histidine 순 이었다. 국내산 홍어회에서 포화지방산 11종, 불포화지방산 16종이 분석되어, 총27종이 분석되었다. 칠레산은 총 18종이 분석되었으며, 아르헨티나산은 총 25종이 분석되었고, 중국산에서는 총 18종이 분석되었다. 한편, 불포화지방산 중 특히 $C_{18:1}$의 경우는 아르헨티나산이 국내산보다 훨씬 많이 들어있었다. Trienoic unsaturated fatty acid는 국내산 홍어회에 더 많이 함유되었으며, penta, hexa unsaturated fatty acid에서는 아르헨티나산의 함량이 가장 많았다. 필수지방산의 경우는 국내산 홍어회가 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과로 미루어 볼때 국내산이 수입산에 비하여 총 균수 및 유리아미노산의 함량이 많고, 지방산의 경우도 n-3와 n-6지방산이 많이 함유되어 있는 것으로 미루어 좋은 단백질과 지방 공급식품임을 알 수 있었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.364-370
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• 2006

To evaluate the potential possibility of Lentinus edodes as an a sauce ingredient of sauce, the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Lentinus edodes and Agaricus bisporus brown sauce were compared. The same mother sauce was used to prepare the for preparation of two different types of sauce was the same. The contents of moisture, crude protein, and crude ash were not different. However, crude fat content was higher in Agaricus bisporus brown sauce and carbohydrate content was higher in Lentinus edodes brown sauce. The amounts of total free amino acids were 1,236.45 mg% in Agaricus bisporus brown sauce and 791.73 mg%, respectively in Lentinus edodes brown sauce. Major free amino acids in both sauces were glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, and arginine. Amino acid derivatives content was higher in Lentinus edodes brown sauce (644.55 mg%) than in Agaricus bisporus brown sauce (595.87 mg%). Major amino acid derivatives were ammonia, taurine, and carnosine in Agaricus bisporus brown sauce and sarcosine, ammonia, -amino isobutyric acid, and phospho ethanolamine in Lentinus edodes brown sauce. The L, a and b values of Lentinus edodes brownumsauce showed a higher tendency those of Agaricus bisporus. The viscosity of Agaricus bisporus brown sauce and Lentinus edodes brown sauces were 1976.67 cP and 2686.67 cP, respectively. The sensory score of color was not different between the both sauces, but those of flavor, taste, and viscosity of Lentinus edodes brown sauce were higher than those of Agaricus bisporus brown sauce. Especially, the sensory evaluation score on the flavor of Lentinus edodes brown sauce (7.6) was recorded higher than that (5.1) of Agaricus bisporus brown sauce. From the As a results, the overall acceptability of Lentinus edodes brown sauce was judged to be superior to than that of Agaricus bisporus brown sauce.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.483-492
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• 2005

The propose of this study was to investigate the status of current nutrition labeling on the packaging of processed foods. The 2432 processed foods purchased at various retail markets in Jeonju and Daegu during June, 2004, were classified by food category according to the 2004 Food Codes and evaluated for the type of nutrition composition labeling and nutritional content claims. The results are summarized as follows: The percentage of processed food products with nutrition labeling was $27.5\%$ and $71.6\%$ of noodles had nutrition composition labeling, which was the largest number among the food category. Various unit of measurements were used in the nutrition labeling of the processed foods, per 100g or 100ml being the most common($51.8\%$) under the currently practiced nutrition labeling. Nutrition claims were made for $9.5\%$ (231 items) of the products. Drinks bad the largest number of nutrition claims of $27.3\%$ The most frequently used technology was 'contained' among the claims ($36.0\%$) and 'added' was the next ($30.7\%$). 'High in calcium' or the equivalent was the most popular nutritional claim Other nutrients for which content claims were made included: lipid, vitamin C, DHA, camitine, taurine etc.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.368-373
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• 1998

Plasma amino acid concentration and Urinary exretion of free amino acids were measured in health female vegetarians(n=20, 19.9 $\pm$0.43 years old ) and age-mateched imnivores(n=20, 21.9$\pm$0.38years old) in Korean. differences infasting plasma amino acid concentrations and plasma aminogram pattern were not spectacular between the vegetarian and omnivore controls. Compared to the omnivores, vegetarians showed significantly lower plasma levels of methionine , phenylalanine, $\alpha$-aminobutyrate, citrulline, phosposerine and tarurine, and significantly higher plasma concentrations of arginine, $\alpha$-aminobutyrate, cirtrulline, phosphosierine and taurine, and significantly higher plasma concentrations of arginine, $\alpha$-aminoadipate, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate and ornithine. Although these differences were statistically significant, they were all within the normal range (21~70% differences )for human adults. Most of the urinary amino acids (nmol/mg creatinine or $\mu$mol/24 hr urine) were excreted to significantly lesser degree in vegetarians than was the case in omnivore controls. For almost every individual free amino acid, plasma concentration did not significantly correlate with urinary excretion level. These results indicate that vegetarians excreted less amino acids in their urine than did dominivores, most probably in an effort to maintain amino acid homeostasis to an altered dietary protein intake level and/or amino acid composition of their diets.