• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.602-606
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated total 26 ingredients of Saengshik which will be commercially produced as an anti-diabetic dietary supplement. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirteen vegetables, nine cereals, three legumes and one seed were extracted with aqueous ethanol for 2 h at $60^{\circ}C$, and evaluated for their inhibitory effects against ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and for total phenolic and flavonoid contents. RESULTS: All ingredients inhibited ${\alpha}$-amylase activity except cabbage. Strong inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-amylase was observed in leek, black rice, angelica and barley compared with acarbose as a positive control. Stronger inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity was found in small water dropwort, radish leaves, sorghum and cabbage than acarbose. All Saengshik ingredients suppressed ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity in the range of 0.3-60.5%. Most ingredients contained total phenols which were in the range of 1.2-229.4 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried extract. But, total phenolic contents were not observed in carrot, pumpkin and radish. All ingredients contained flavonoid in the range of 11.6-380.7 mg catechin equivalent/g dried extract. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that Saengshik containing these ingredients would be an effective dietary supplement for diabetes.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.310-314
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• 2004

This is the re-arrangement of the 2004 Asia Nutrition & Dietary Supplement Conference organized by ABF(The Asia Business Forum) in Singapore, especially regulatory view of point of health functional foods for Korea, Japan, and China. Foods that may have health benefits beyond the traditional nutrients that they contain are often called 'Functional Foods'. The concept of functional foods has become popular in recent years, first in Japan and later in other countries, including the USA. In USA, The functional foods was controlled by ACSH (the American Council on Science and Health). In Korea, 'Functional Foods'. was defined on the 'The Law for the Health Functional Foods'(Law No. 6727 : effective as of $26^{th}$, Aug. 2002). KFDA(Korea Food and Drug Administration) is the only authority body for approval, advertisement and claims for the Health Functional Foods in Korea. In Japan, the Japan Health Food and Nutrition Food Association controls the approval, regulate functional foods' advertisement and claims under the name of FOSHU (Foods for Specified Health Uses). In China, the State Food and Drug Administration(SFDA) is the only authoritative organization for the application, supervision and administration of health related products. Asia, especially Korea, Japan and China, is one of the leader in the vitamins and dietary supplement(VDS) market. Regulatory issues on restrictions are the most important how to tap into the health functional foods market including Korea.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.138-144
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• 2004

Therapeutic effect of a Kampo medicine, Choto-san, in patients with vascular dementia was demonstrated by a double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial. To clarify the therapeutic efficacy of Choto-san, anti-ischemic effect in mice, hypotensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), anti-oxidative effects in vitro, and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-blocking activity using Xenopus oocytes were studied. (1) Pretreatment with Choto-san (0.75-6.O g/kg, P.O.) or a component herb Chotoko (Uncaria genus: 75 - 600 mg/kg, P.O.) prevented ischemia-induced impairment of spatial learning behaviour in mice. Indole alkaloids- and phenolic fractions extracted from Chotoko also improved significantly the learning deficit. (2) Subchronic administration of Choto-san (0.5 g/kg, p.o.) caused a significant hypotensive effects in SHR. (3) Choto-san, Chotoko, and the phenolic constituent, (-) epicatechin, significantly protected the NG108-15 cell injury induced by $H_20_2$ exposure in vitro and also inhibited lipid peroxidation in the brain homogenate. (4) Indole alkaloids, rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline (1-100 uM), reversibly reduced NMDA-induced current in the receptor-expressed Xenopus oocytes. These results suggest that anti-vascular dementia effects of Choto-san are mainly due to the effect of Chotoko. From these results, it is possible to make a novel dietary supplement through several extraction steps from Chotoko.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.364-372
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• 2005

This study is designed to examine the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the formation of preneoplastic lesions in diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. All Weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats were initiated by a single dose of DEN (200mg/kg body weight), subjected to two­thirds partial hepatectomy 3 weeks later and were sacrificed 8 weeks after DEN initiation. Two weeks after initiation, rats were fed Purina purified rodent diet 5053 (Ralston Purina Rat chow, USA) with $1.5\%$ (15,000 IU/kg diet) vitamin E, $0.5\%$ DHEA and both of those supplemented diet for 6 weeks. Placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive foci, the activities of catalase, total-glutathione peroxidase (GPx) , glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) contents were decreased significantly by vitaimin E supplement. On the other hand GST-P positive foci number, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activities weren't changed by vitamin E supplement. It might suggest that protective effect of vitamin E against hepatocarcinogens is not involved in the formation of the GST-P positive foci but related to the expansion of that. It seemed that vitamin E supplement helped endogenous defense system in carcinogenesis by decreasing TBARS contents, $H_2O_2$, organic peroxides. Therefore, vitamin E seemed to protect cell from free radical damage in carcinogenesis. By DHEA supplement liver weight and liver/body ratio were increased, the area and number of GST-P positive foci, the activities of catalase, GR, total GPx, GST and the TBARS contents were decreased significantly. On the other hand Cu/Zn-SOD and G6Pase activities weren't changed by DHEA supplement. In hepatocarcinogenesis the activities of antioxidant enzymes weren't increased by DHEA supplement. DHEA did not increase the oxidative stress, while DHEA seems to have anticarcinogenic effect in rats hepatocarcinogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.258-273
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• 2014

Objectives: The purposes of the study were to develop a questionnaire for dietary habit survey for Korean adults, and unify the terms related to dietary habits. Methods: The Delphi method by 43 professionals on dietary habit research was applied to unify the terms. Results: With regard to results on terms related to dietary habit, the respondents recorded the highest percentage (90.7%) of selecting the term "dietary habits" and also the highest percentage (76.7%) of choosing "dietary habits" for English. The biggest percentage of the respondents chose "individual dietary behaviors repeatedly formed and habitualized under the social, cultural, and psychological influence in the group" as the concept of dietary habits. The Delphi survey for the development of a questionnaire resulted in the first questionnaire of 31 items, the second one of 27 items, and the third one of 25 items. The validity of questionnaire items was tested with content validity ratios (CVR). The items whose CVR value was 0.29 or lower were eliminated or revised, because the minimum CVR value needed to test validity was 0.29. To test the reliability of questionnaire items, test-retest method was performed in 163 adults. According to the Kappa coefficient in the range of 0.314-0.716, all of the 25 items were in the reliability scope. A survey was taken with 702 adults to finally revise and supplement the third questionnaire whose validity and reliability were tested. Conclusions: Through those processes, a questionnaire for adults' dietary habit survey was finally completed. The significance of the study lies in the development of the first questionnaire on dietary habits equipped with both validity and reliability in South Korea.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 1999

The influence of dietary cholesterol on phospolipid metabolism in rat liver microsmes was studied in rats fed a diet containing fish oil(FO) or beef tallow (BT). The hepatic phospholipid content decreased wherease gepatic triglyceride and cholesterol increased significantly in both groups after cholestered supplementation. Plasma concentrations of phospholipid and traiglyceride increased with cholesterol supplement in both groups while cholesterol decreased only moderately in the FO group. Dietary cholesterol affected microsomal phosphiolpids in liver ; the proportation of phosphatidylcholine decreased in the FO group, an d it also slightly decreased in the BT group at the expense of phosphatidylethanolamine. The activity of CTP : phospocholine cytidylytransferase , the rate-limiting enzyme of phosphatidylcholine synthesis, increased inhepatic mocrosomes whreas it decreased in hepatic cytosol of both groups by cholesterol supplementation. In conclusion, these indicated that the dietary cholesterol profoundly influences phospholipid metabolism in the rat liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.644-651
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• 2005

Dietary supplement mainly made of herb and fiber was examined whether it could reduce body weight and fat, modify blood lipid concentrations and bowel habits in 30 collegians without intentional diet restriction or lifestyle change for 5 weeks. Free-living subjects were required to take diet pills 2 times daily 30 minutes before meals. Before the study began, 24 hr recall diet record and the questionnaires had been collected. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, triceps and abdomen skinfold thickness, and body fat) were performed and blood samples were withdrawn before and after the study. Blood lipid fractions analyzed were total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. After the trial, body weight, body mass index, and percent ideal body weight of the subjects were reduced to mean of 0.5 kg, 0.2 and $0.9\%$, respectively (p<0.05). Percent body fat, triceps and abdomen skinfold thickness, and waist and hip circumferences were all reduced significantly except for $\%$ abdominal fat, but $\%$ body muscle mass increased from $36.5\%$ to $37.4\%$ (p=0.000). TC and TG were remarkably diminished (p<0.01) and LDL-cholesterol tended to decrease, but no change was observed in HDL-cholesterol. Bowel movements were also increased (p<0.01). In conclusion, this specific herb and fiber-rich dietary supplement reduced body weight and body fat indices, improved anthropometric indices, modified blood lipid fractions and bowel movement desirably. The study suggest that herb and fiber-rich dietary supplement might help control body weight, body fat loss and adult diseases positively.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2005

This study was carried out to observe the stability of riboflavin in dietary supplements. Dietary supplements were in the type of tablet, powder, capsule and liquid. Various factors on the stability of riboflavin such as effect of light, storage temperature and time were examined using HPLC method. Samples were exposed to various temperatures (-9, 4, $30^{\circ}C$) and light at room temperature far 9 months. As well as storage period became longer, reduction rate constant of riboflavin increased. Riboflavin reduction rate constants were higher during storage with light than without light. And there was a significant difference of reduction rate constants in types of dietary supplement. In other words, riboflavin in tablet types was significantly more stable than the others, and liquid type was the most unstable. Therefore, type, light, and packing container of dietary supplements containing riboflavin would be considered in order to establish their appropriate shelf lives. In consideration with riboflavin decrease in dietary supplements, riboflavin would be appropriate for the nutritional labelling guide when predicting them at the end of shelf lives.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2004

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of taurine (Tau) supplements on broiler growth performance, serum constituents and antibody production. In Exp. 1, 3 day old chicks received a basal diet supplemented with Tau at 0, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 or 0.40% for 6 weeks. Although dietary Tau supplementing at 0.30 or 0.40% enhanced feed conversion and reduced feed consumption during 0 to 3 weeks (p<0.05), neither serum total cholesterol or anti-Newcastle disease virus (NDV) titer were affected. In Exp. 2, dietary Tau supplement at 0.25-0.75% enhanced feed conversion of broilers during 0 to 3 weeks, but daily gain and feed consumption were not affected. The 0.75% Tau supplement group displayed lower serum total cholesterol at 6 weeks (p<0.05) comparing with the control group but no difference in anti-NDV titers. In Exp. 3, broilers were treated with dietary Tau of 0 or 0.50% combined with low (0/0%), medium (0.18/0.08%), or high (0.36/0.16%) methionine (Met) levels for 6 weeks (0 to 3/3 to 6 weeks). The addition of Met significantly improved daily gain and feed conversion of broilers during 0 to 3 weeks (p<0.01). Dietary Tau interacted significantly with Met on daily gain and feed consumption. Broiler serum amino acids revealed that Met supplements only increased serum Met level, but only serum Tau level was enhanced as given dietary Tau supplementation. The broilers receiving Tau normalized serum triglycerides level by feeding with the low Met diet and tended to display higher anti-NDV titers (p<0.10). The experimental results suggest that the growth response obtained by Tau supplements results partly from interactions with sulfur amino acids. However, the modulation of the broiler lipid metabolism may be responsible for dietary Tau.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.515-523
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• 2001

Background: More than 70% of morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus is due to macrovascular complications. These complications may be associated with defect of endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. There have been suggestions that this defect might be due to direct toxicities of oxygen-free radical. So in this study ascorbic acid was used as a dietary supplement in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats to correct this defect. Material and Method: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. They were divided into control and experimental groups. Streptozotocin was injected to the 33 rats of experimental group and then divided into two the other receiving subgroups; one receiving ascorbic acid supplement(1 g/l in drinking water); and nosupplements. At 6, 9 and 12 weeks, abdominal aortic rings were obtained to make tissue preparations for evaluation of vascular smooth muscle contractility. Result: While control group showed good response to acetylcholine induced relaxation, diabetic group showed decreased relaxation regardless of ascorbic acid supplement at the experiments 6 weeks after streptozotocin treatment. This abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation was markedly reversed at 9 and 12 weeks into the diabetic group with ascorbic acid supplement. There were no differences in sodium nitroprusside induced relaxation responses between control and experimental groups; also, norepinephrine induced contractile responses did not show any remarkable effects. Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that the endothelial cells have defects in diabetic rats. Dietary supplement of ascorbic acid can reverse the defects of diabetic endothelial cells through its antioxidant effects and it may further protect against vascular disease in diabetic patients.