• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.613-618
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• 2000

This study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein and fiber on the antioxidant enzyme activities of brain in acute or chronic ethanol-treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diets containing two levels of protein(7%, 20%) with two levels of fiber (5%, 10%) Rats were administered 40%(v/v) ethanol(5g/kg body weight)orally 90min before decaptiation in acute ethanol-treated groups and 25%(v/v) ethanol(5g/kg body weight) once a day for 5 weeks in chronic ethanol treated-groups. The rats were sacrificed after 5 weeks of feeding periods. Superoxide dismutase and gluthathione S-transferase activities were lower in chronic ethanol-treated groups than acute ethanol-treated groups whereas catalase and glutathuone peroxidase activities were significantly increased by chronic ethanol treatment. Low protein supplement accelerated to change of their activities however dietary fiber levels did not affect antioxidant enzyme activities. Chronic ethanol treatment and/or low protein supplement results in increasing the brain lipid peroxide content but in lowering glutathione level. (Korean J Nutrition 33(6) ; 613~618, 2000)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chitosan, chitosan oligomer and beef tallow of different levels on lipid metabolism in rats, Seventy male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were blocked into 10 groups according to body weight , and were raised for 4 weeks. Dietary fat levels were 20% en and 40% en, and chitosan and chitosan oligomer were given at levels of 05, 3%, and 5%(wt/wt) of diet. The results are summarized as follows, chitosan oligomer supplement decreased serum total lipid, as chitosan 양, and exhibited a tendency to decrease serum total cholesterol. Chitosan oligomer supplement tended to increase the HDL cholesterol ; total cholesterol ration as chitosan did. Liver total lipid and triglyceride concentration were lower in high fat groups than in low fat groups. Liver total lipid concentrations was decreased slightly by chitosan and sigfnificantly by chitosna ligomer. Epididymal fat pad total lipid. total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were slightly decreased by chitosan and chitosan oligomer supplement, especially in high fat groups. fat absorptivity was decreased by low fat level, chitisan and chitosan oligamer supplement. Fecal excretion of total lipid and triglyceride were increased by high fat level, chitosan and chi샌무 oligomer supplement. However, fecal excretion of total cholesterol was increased by high fat level and chitosan supplement. This indicated that chitosan and chitosan oligomer were effective in interfering with lipid and triglyceride absorption, In conclusion, chitosan oligomer at levels of 3% and 5% has more effective lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride lowering activity than chitosan.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wax gourd on body weight, body fat, triglyceride, leptin and fat cell size in rats fed medium fat Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with experimental diet containing total dietary fat at 20% of calorie with wax gourd (WG) for 4 weeks. Forty rats were divided into 4 groups including control, 5, 10, and 15% (w/w) WG supplement The results showed that weight gain was significantly higher in 5% WG than that in control (p<0.05), but was not different among the WG supplement groups. Total fat weight was significantly decreased in both 10 and 15% WG supplement groups than that of control. The levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids in the plasma were significantly decreased, particularly in 15% WG supplement group (p<0.05). The levels of leptin was not significantly different among the experimental groups. Fat cell size was significantly decreased in WG supplement groups compared to that of control group (p<0.05). Correlation among the parameters demonstrated that weight gain correlated positively with total fat weight, the levels of leptin and triglycerides. Taken these results together, 15% WG supplement diet substantially reduces total fat weight, triglycerides and free fatty acids levels and fat cell size in the rat fed midium fat.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.207-218
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• 1999

The increased number of elderly in Korea presents great challenges for community nutrition programs. Strategies to enhance elderly nutrition are needed, as well as dietary advice that are reality-based and tailored to the need of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall effectiveness of an elderly nutrition improvement program(ENIP), by assessing changes in nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behavior after program completion. ENIP was conducted in Suwon for 4 months in 1998 at 5 centers for the elderly. The program provided individual nutrition counseling and brief biweekly group education sessions. To stimulate participation and motivation, the elderly in two centers were served free milk packs(200ml) three time a week during the program(milk＋education group), and the elderly in 3 other centers were served yoghurt on the program day(education group). Altogether, 102 subjects finished the program(milk＋education group 67 ; education group 35). Data about nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, diet records(24 hour recall) and dietary habit was collected before(baseline) and after the program(follow-up). The Drop-out rate for the milk＋education group(2.9%) was significantly lower than that for the education group(30.0%)(p<.001). The Nutrition Knowledge fo females milk＋education group increased significantly after the program, but no significant differences were observed in other groups. Over 60% of all the elderly showed positive responses to the healthy eating attitudes. Energy, protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, Calcium and Potassium intakes improved in the male milk＋education group. The Vitamin C intake improved in the male education group. Energy and vitamin A intakes improved in the female milk＋education group and energy, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Ca nad P in the female education group. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of food intake changes on overall nutrient quality. For all elderly, the fish intake explained 12.6% of the variance, followed by candy intake and vegetable intake(model $R^2$=19.6%). Dietary habits such as meal time regularity and salty food reduction were markedly improved in both groups. Sixty-one percent of the milk＋education subjects stated their participation was voluntary and active, while 51% of education subjects did. Sixty four percent of the subjects stated their interest on diet increased remarkably through program participation. Considering the results, it is conjectured that ENIP had a great impact on nutrient intake, dietary attitudes and habits. Milk supplement showed no direct effects on elderly nutrition improvement, but it encouraged the program by reducing drop-out rates and inducing voluntary participation. Therefore milk supplement could enhance the community nutrition education program. Moreover it is strongly suggested that the ENIP be expanded to other communities.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1987

This experiment was conducted to study the most economical and effective dietary protein level and feeding regimes in the performance of broilers. Four kinds of dietary protein level (25, 23, 20 and 18%) were prepared for this experiment. This experiment was carried on for 7 weeks and the results were shown as follows; 1. Increasing the dietary protein level resulted in a significant increase in the body weight gains (P〈0.05). 2. With a higher level of the dietary protein, the feed intake tended to be increased and the feed efficiency had same trends. 3. Increasing the dietary protein level resulted in a significant increase in the protein requirement per kg body weight gains (P〈0.05). 4. Viabilities were not affected by the different dietary protein levels. 5. The highest income had attained in the highest level of protein supplement, and the middle level of protein supplement was not higher than the lowest one. Conclusively, the highest level of protein supplement was considered to be adequate for the broiler's productiveity and income.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.865.2-865.2
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• 1999

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 1990

Ten college women were treated with either corn oil(CO< as a source of C18:2, $\omega$6) or fish oil concentrates(FO, as a source of C20:5+C22:6, $\omega$3) with experimental diet for 7 days and then returned to normal home made diet. Kinetic changes of plasma and RBC lipids, tocopherol, MDA levels and hemolysis were observed at day-0, -3, -7, -8, -10, -14 and -21 of experimental periods. Plasma and RBC tocopherol contents were significantly increased at day-3 and -7 by tocopherol tocopherol supplement in dietary oil, but there was no significant difference between CO and FO diet with large dose of tocopherol supplement. After stop experimental regimen at day-7, plasma tocopherol content was sustained at high level until day-10 but drastically decreased at day-14 and remained at low level at day-21. However, RBC tocopherol level was not greatly responded to the dietary intake of tocopherol and was varied in the very narrow range. MDa levels of plasma and RBC were not responded in the same way as tocopherol content of plasma. MDa content of RBC was very low compared to that of plasma. RBC hemolysis by incubation in hypotonic solution was negatively correlated to plasma tocopherol level and was not correlated to the level of MDa in either plasma or RBC. There were no significant change in the levels of plasma cholesterol, HDL-chol, triglyceride, phospholipid, and lipoprotein pattern throught experimental periods.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.102-105
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• 2000

These studies were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplemental lincomycin at different food waste supplements on performance of broiler chicks. Diets were based corn, soybean meal and contained 3,100kcal/kg ME, 21% CP for the rest two weeks. Three levels of dietary lincomycin(LM; 0,2.2, 4.4mg/kg) and food waste(FW; 0, 7.5, 15%) were respectively inclusion in both experiments. In experiment 1, weight gain of birds fed 4.4mg/kg LM was significantly higher than no LM treatments(P<0.05). It tended to increase in 7.5% food waste treatment compared to that of control, but was not significantly different. FCR of chicks fed 2.2mg/kg LM supplement was significantly improved compared to that of other treatments Chicks fed food waste showed inferior FCR to control as dietary FW level increased(P<0.05). There was no significance in blood components among treatments. In experiment 2, weight gain of chicks fed 15% FW exhibited higher weight gain than that of other treatments. As FW supplement increased, the feed intake increased significantly(P<0.05) There was no significance in blood components except serum calcium. The results of these experiments indicated that hicks fed 4.4mg/kg LM supplements maximized growth rate of all treatments, and improved FCR in 2.2mg/kg LM.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Recently, westernized diet and lifestyles have led to obesity and various adult diseases resulting in a negative influence on the quality of life. There has been an increased interest in choosing proper diet and regular exercise in order to lead a healthy life. The number of people looking for dietary supplements has increased steadily. Dietary supplements are products intended to help maintain or improve the health of consumers. However, if customers take dietary supplements excessively, they may be harmful due to side effects, misuse, abuse and overdose. I performed a toxicologic review of the dietary supplements, glucosamine and chitosan, which are widely used in the country in order to provide the proper understanding of safety of these products.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.906-913
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• 1998

This study an analyzes the effects of the P/S ratio of dietary lipids and antioxidant vitamin supplements on serum lipids level and fatty acid profile, the degree of lipid peroxidation, and the antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver of rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz($\alpha$) anthracene(DMBA). P/S ratio of dietary lipids was made into 0.5, 1 and 2 by mixing palm oil, soybean oil, sesame oil and perilla oil at 10%(w/w) fat level and n-6/n-3 ratio was fixed to 4. Antioxidant vitamin of $\alpha$-tocopherol or $\beta$-carotene was supplemented in addition to vitamin mixture which was given at 1 % of the standard diet. female Sprague-Dawley strain rats, about 60 days old, were divided into three groups(LP : low P/S ratio(0.5), MP : medium P/S ratio (1.0), HP , high P/S ratio(2.0)) and each group was sub-divided into three groups(S ; standard, T ; tocopherol supplemented, C : carotene supplemented): Two weeks after feeding experimental diets, all groups were treated with a single dose of DMBA(2mg/100g BW) by gastric intubation and fed experimental diet for 9 week. The results were as follows ; 1) Serum total cholesterol(TC) level was not significantly influenced by diet but tended to be lower in HP groups compared to LP and MP groups. Triglyceride level was the highest in LP groups and the lowest in $\alpha$-tocopherol supplemented groups. 2) Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) level, representing lipid peroxidation in hepatic microsome, tended to be increased as the unsaturation of dietary lipids increases. $\alpha$-Tocopherol supplement significantly decreased TBARS level. 3) The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx) in hepatic cytosol showed the tendency to be high with increasing P/S ratio of dietary lipids. SOD activity was not significantly influenced by antioxidant vitamin, but GSHPx activity was significantly increased in $\alpha$-tocopherol supplemented groups. In summary, high polyunsaturated fat diet was effective on reducing the serum level of total cholesterol and triglyceride, while it increased unsaturation and peroxidizability of serum fatty acid. With increasing P/S ratio of dietary lipids, lipid peroxidation was increased in the liver and antioxidant enzyme system was induced to inhibit lipid peroxidation against oxidative damage. $\alpha$-Tocopherol supplement was effective in lowering lipid peoxidation, but $\beta$-carotene supplement did not exhibit antioxidant effect. (Korean J Nutrition 31(5) 906~913, 1998)