• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2006

Phenolic compounds in safflower seeds were recently found to stimulate bone formation and increase plasma HDL cholesterol levels in estrogen deficient rats, and to inhibit melanin synthesis. Nine phenolic compounds: $N-feruloylserotonin-5-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside,\;8'-hydroxyarctigenin-4'-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside,\;luteolin-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$, N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin, N-feruloylserotonin, 8'-hydroxy arctigenin (HAG), luteolin (LT), $acacetin-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucuronide$ (ATG) and acacetin (AT), were quantified by HPLC in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds during growth and processing. During growth, levels of the nine phenolic compounds in the seeds increased progressively with increasing growth stages, reached a maximum on July 30 (42nd day after flowering), and then remained relatively constant. During the roasting process, levels of phenolic compounds, except HAG, LT and AT, generally decreased with increased roasting temperature and time, whereas those of HAG, LT and AT increased progressively with increased roasting temperature and time. During the steaming process, levels of other phenolic compounds except HAG and AT generally tended to increase with increased steaming time, whereas those of HAG and AT were scarcely changed. During the microwave treatment, quantitative changes of phenolic compounds were similar to the roasting process, although there were some differences in levels of phenolic compounds between two heat treatments. These results suggest that the steamed safflower seeds after harvesting on late July may be useful as potential dietary supplement source of phenolic compounds for prevention of several pathological disorders, such as atherosclerosis and osteoporosis and aging.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2006

This study examined the effect of hesperidin supplementation with an ethanol diet on lipid and antioxidant metabolism in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups (n=10), and were assigned to one of two dietary categories: $E_8$, ethanol diet (50 g/L) for 8 wks; $E_8H_4$, ethanol diet for the first 4 wks and hesperidin (0.02%, w/w) supplemented ethanol diet for the last 4 wks. The plasma and hepatic lipids, hepatic cholesterol regulating enzyme activity, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation were determined. Supplementation with hesperidin for the last 4 wks during the 8 wks period of the ethanol diet, significantly increased the ADH activity. In conjunction with the chronic administration of ethanol, hesperidin supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations compared to the $E_8$ group. The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT activities were significantly lower in the hesperidin-supplemented group. When comparing hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, SOD, GSH-Px, and G6PD activities and GSH level were significantly higher in the $E_8H_4$ group than in the E8 group. Plasma TBARS levels were significantly lower in rats fed ethanol with hesperidin compared to the rats fed only ethanol; however, the hepatic TBARS levels were not significantly different between the groups. Accordingly, the additional hesperidin supplement with an ethanol diet might be effective for improving the hepatic lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.223-229
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to investigate the protein sparing effect of rumen protected lysine(RPLys) and methionine hydroxyl analogue(MHA) in sheep. The treatments were $T_1$ (CP 15% + RPLys 0%), $T_2$ (CP 12% + RPLys 0%), $T_3$ (CP 12% + RPLys 0.4%) and $T_4$ (CP 12% + RPLys 0.4% + MHA 0.3%). Ruminal characteristics, in situ and in vitro digestibility and nitrogen retention rate were measured in sheep receiving different combinations of dietary supplement. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Ruminal pH and VFA concentrations were not affected by the treatments. Ruminal ammonia-N concentration was high in sheep fed diets $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ with the highest value in the $T_4$ treatment(p<0.05). 2. The digestibilities of dry matter and organic matter were not affected by the treatments. 3. Nitrogen losses through feces and urine were the highest with $T_1$ (p<0.05) and nitrogen retention rates of groups $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ were 18.6, 32.4, 35.5 and 27.5% of nitrogen intake, respectively, indicating that RPLys supplementation improved nitrogen retention in sheep.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.556-563
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• 2018

Objective: Spirulina has been recognized formerly as a filamentous spiral-shaped blue- green algae but more recently as a genus of photosynthetic bacteria (Arthrospira). This microorganism is considered as a rich source of essential nutrients for human and animals. The present study was conducted to determine potential application of Spirulina for heat- exposed broilers. Methods: Two hundred and fifty Cobb 500 chicks with male to female in equal ratio with average initial weight of 615.6 g at 17 days of age were divided into 5 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 chicks. Treatment groups were as follows: positive and negative controls with 0% Spirulina supplement and three Spirulina receiving groups with 5 g/kg (0.5%), 10 g/kg (1%), and 20 g/kg (2%) supplementation. Spirulina receiving groups as well as positive control were exposed to high ambient temperature at $36^{\circ}C$ for 6 h/d from 38 to 44 days of age. Biochemical variables were measured in serum samples at 35, 38, 42, and 45 days of broiler chickens age. Results: The results showed that supplementation of the diet with Spirulina decreased concentration of stress hormone and some serum lipid parameters while enhanced humoral immunity response and elevated antioxidant status whereas it didn't meaningfully affect performance characteristics. Nevertheless, feed conversion ratio was improved numerically but not statistically in broilers fed with 1% Spirulina under high ambient temperature. Conclusion: Overall, the present study suggests that alleviation of adverse impacts due to high ambient temperature at biochemical level including impaired enzymatic antioxidant system, elevated stress hormone and lipid profile can be approached in broiler chickens through supplementation of the diet with Spirulina platensis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Jerusalem artichoke has inhibitory activity against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and decreases fasting serum glucose levels, which may be related to its fructan content. The biological activity of fructan can be influenced by the degree of polymerization. Thus, in this study, the inhibitory effects of original and fermented purple Jerusalem artichoke (PJA) on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase were compared in vitro. Additionally, the anti-diabetes effect of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented PJA (LJA) was studied in a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus animal model (C57BIKsJ db/db). MATERIALS/METHODS: The water extract of PJA was fermented by L. plantarum, and two strains of Bacillus subtilis to compare their anti-${\alpha}$-glucosidase activities in vitro by ${\alpha}$-glucosidase assays. The anti-diabetes effect of LJA was studied in a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus animal model (C57BIKsJ db/db) for seven weeks. During the experiment, food intake, body weight, and fasting blood glucose were measured every week. At the end of the treatment period, several diabetic parameters and the intestinal ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity were measured. RESULTS: The LJA showed the highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. In the in vivo study, it resulted in a significantly lower blood glucose concentration than the control. Serum insulin and HDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher and the concentrations of triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and total cholesterol were significant lower in mice treated with LJA after seven weeks. In addition, the intestinal ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity was partially inhibited. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that LJA regulates blood glucose and has potential use as a dietary supplement.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.488-496
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception and utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for diabetic patients in Busan. The subjects were 227 patients at two general hospitals (over 400 bed). This study was performed through the interviewing process using questionnaires conducted from January to April, 2010. Of a total of subjects, 109 patients (48.0%) had taken CAM at least one time. The patients used CAM recognized that they were 'auxiliary medicines' (39.4%), 'supplementary health foods' (32.1%) and 'medicines' (19.3%), but inexperienced patients perceived them as 'supplementary health foods' (29.6%), 'unscientific treatment' (22.6%) and 'medicines' (20.2%), It was significantly different between two groups of patients (p < 0.001). The number of CAM types used for the patients was 51. The CAM types were plant foods (64.3%), dietary supplement (23.6%) and animal diets (12.1%). The patients used an average of 5.9 different kinds of CAM and an average of 3.8 years them and paid \93,345 per month. The patients with diabetic complications and for longer morbidity periods used CAM for significantly (p < 0.05) longer periods. The mean effectiveness scores of the patients used CAM were 3.31/5.00 for efficacy satisfaction, 3.58/5.00 for fewer side effects compared to those of oral drugs, 3.60/5.00 for psychological stability, 3.81/5.00 for easiness to use, and 3.06/5.00 for economic satisfaction. Of the patients that used CAM, 55.9% did not consult with doctors about CAM. More than two-thirds of the patients (77.1%) did not feel the need to consult with doctors.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유가공기술과학회 2005년도 창립 30주년 기념 국제심포지움 - 웰빙시대의 우유.유제품의 새로운 발견
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• pp.13-35
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• 2005

노인 인구 증가는 유럽과 미국에 걸쳐 몇 년간 관찰되어 왔지만, 일본과 한국과 같은 개발도상국에서도 증가 추세가 현저히 나타나고 있다. 개발도상국에서는 2000년, 65세 이상 노인의 인구비율이 1960년에 비해 약 5배 정도 증가했으며, 2050년에는 전체 인구의 40% 정도를 차지할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 이런 급격한 인구 변화는 이들이 특정 권리와 구매력을 지니는 새로운 사회경제적 집단으로 성장하게 하는 계기가 되었다. 노화가 일어나면, 식이요법으로 어느 정도 조절할 수 있는 인체의 변화가 다양하게 일어난다. 그 중 대표적인 것은 글루타치온 합성과 이용의 균형에 변화가 생기는 것이다. 글루타치온은 인체에서 가장 중요한 항산화 물질이고, 식이 내 시스테인 아미노산에 의해 체내 함량이 결정될 수 있다. 시스테인이 풍부한 펩티드 제품이 기능성 식품 및 식품원료로 개발되었다. 소비자 조사 결과, 이 제품은 숙면과 활력을 제공하는 등 장점이 있음이 밝혀졌다. 동물 임상 실험 결과를 통해 특별히 노인 인구를 대상으로 하여 시스테인 펩타이드의 생리 활성과 대사 과정을 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.531-537
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• 2013

Vitamin E has been applied as a dietary supplement or post mortem to meat cuts to preserve meat quality and extend shelf life. This study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementation of the diet of Hanwoo steers with Economas $E^{(R)}$, a less expensive alternative to vitamin E, on meat quality preservation. To accomplish this, 36 Hanwoo steers were randomly allotted into three treatment groups ; no additive (control), Economas $E^{(R)}$(T1) and vitamin E (T2). Vitamin E and Economas $E^{(R)}$ were included in the diets at 500 mg/head and 200 mg/head, respectively, for 5 months. Evaluation of carcass performance parameters immediately after slaughter revealed no treatment effects (P>0.05). Samples collected from the loin area and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for up to 9 days showed that T1 and T2 preserved pigment and lipid stability as indicated by significantly (P<0.05) higher CIE $L^*$ and lower CIE $a^*$ and CIE $b^*$ values and a less rapid increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) relative to the control. However, treatments had no effect (P>0.05) on cholesterol and fatty acid content in meat. Based on these findings, Economas $E^{(R)}$ provided at 200 mg/head is as effective as vitamin E applied at 500 mg/head at preserving Hanwoo meat quality over a 9 day storage period at $4^{\circ}C$.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2013

Ginseng is a well-known traditional medicine used in Asian countries for several thousand years, and it is currently applied to medicine, cosmetics, and nutritional supplements due to its many healing and energygiving properties. It is well demonstrated that ginsenosides, the main ingredient of ginseng, produce a variety of pharmacological and therapeutic effects on central nerve system (CNS) disorders, cardiovascular disease, endocrine secretions, aging, and immune function. Korean red ginseng extract is a dietary supplement containing ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rg1 extracted from Panax ginseng. While the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the extract have been well established, its toxicological properties remain obscure. Thus, four-week oral toxicity studies in rats were conducted to investigate whether Korean red ginseng extract could have a potential toxicity to humans. The test article was administered once daily by oral gavage to four groups of male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at dose levels of 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg/day for four weeks. Neither deaths nor clinical symptoms were observed in any group during the experiment. Furthermore, no abnormalities in body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weights, or histopathology were revealed related to the administration of the test article in either sex of any dosed group. Therefore, a target organ was not determined in this study, and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Korean red ginseng extract was established to be 2,000 mg/kg/day.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.679-688
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• 1999

The combined effects of iron and selenium status on glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity, cytochrome P-450 activity, and lipid peroxidation in the liver and intestinal mucosa of rats were investigated. In experiment one, four experimental groups (+Se+Fe, -Se+Fe, +Se++Fe, -Se++Fe) were manipulated for 3 weeks with intramuscular administration of irondextran (++Fe) and/or normal diet (+Fe) and deionized water (-Se) and/or selenium-supplemented deionized water (+Se). In experiment two, 2% dietary carbonyl iron (instead of the parenteral administration) was fed for 3 weeks to rats. Body weight of rats was significantly decreased in both parenterally and orally iron-overloaded groups (p<0.01), regardless of Se supplement. Serum iron was significantly increased in parenterally iron-overloaded groups but it was marginally increased in orally iron-overloaded groups. There was no significant difference in hemoglobin content among experimental groups in either experiment one or two. Total iron in the small intestine, intestinal mucosa, and livers was significantly high in both parenterally and orally iron-overloaded rats, regardless of selenium status. In the liver and intestine, GSHPx activity was significantly higher in all selenium-supplemented groups, compared to Se-deficient groups (p<0.01) and lipid peroxidation was significantly enhanced in both parenterally and orally iron-overloaded groups, compared to iron-adequate groups. There was no significant difference in cytochrome P-450 activity in the livers between groups in both experiment one and two. These results indicated that GSHPx activity in liver and intestinal mucosa was depended on selenium status, regardless of iron status, and iron-overload enhances lipid peroxidation in liver and intestinal mucosa by increasing the tissue iron content.